Design And Construction Of Battery Charger
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
1.1
Introduction
CHAPTER TWO
2.1
Block Diagram of Battery Charger
2.2
Transformer
2.3
AC to DC Converter
2.4
Filtering
2.5
Voltage Regulation
2.6
Comparator
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2.7
Thyristor
2.8
Resistor
2.9
Diode
2.10 Relay
2.11 Zener Diode
CHAPTER THREE
3.1
Network Synthesis and Testing
3.2
Power Supply
3.3
Sensing and Switching Circuit
3.4
Battery Condition Test
3.5
List of Component Values
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1
Conclusion
4.2
Cost Analysis
4.3
Bibliography
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CHAPTER ONE
1.1
INTRODUCTION
A device, which consist of electrodes and electrolyte for the storage of
chemical energy, but brings about a reaction between its electrodes and the
electrolyte in a way to cause the flow of electrons through an external circuit is
known as a battery.
There are two types of batteries, these include the primary and secondary
battery. The primary (dry cell) is one whose electrolyte dries up when used to
its ampere-hour rating and cannot be recharged while the secondary (wet cell)
is one whose chemical energy can be restored through a charging process.
There are different types of secondary battery. These comprises lead acid,
Nickel-cadmium and silver zinc battery.
Furthermore, a battery is a combination of cells connected together and a cell is
a simple source of electric potential. The maintenance of secondary battery is
of importance partially where maximum performance and life are obtained. As
long as a battery is in use, its stored chemical energy, which is being converted
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to electrical energy falls. This falls in chemical energy leads to a corresponding
fall in its terminal voltage.
A constant potential method of charging is adopted in this project work.
It is a phenomenon whereby the alternating voltage from the main is converted
to direct voltage through rectification.
The direct current from the rectifier is then passed through the battery that is
being charged in the reversed direction in which the battery supplies current to
the external circuit. The charger is intended to charge batteries with terminal
voltage up to 12volts. It incorporates a sensing technique to monitor when the
battery has been charged to its rated terminal voltage so as to automatically cut
off supply to the battery.
Hence, a battery charger which is of low cost, highly efficient and cheap to
maintain is needed to restore its rated terminal voltage.
The entire circuit is made up of five basic units and details of each units is
highlighted in the subsequent chapters.
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