Search request: FI KW MONO LAKE
Search result: 56 citations in the BIOSIS Previews database
Display:
ABSTRACT LONG
1.
Author:
Affiliation:
Conserv.
Scott, B F; Alaee, M.
Atmospheric Contaminant Impacts, Aquatic Ecosyst.
Branch, Natl. Water Res. Inst., Environ. Can., 867
Lakeshore
Title:
Road, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
Determination of haloacetic acids from aqueous samples
collected from the Canadian environment using an in
situ
Source:
(1998):
derivatization technique.
Water Quality Research Journal of Canada, v.33, n.2,
279-293.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Concept Codes:
Major:
01004 (Methods, Materials and Apparatus, General--
Laboratory
Methods); 07510 (Ecology; Environmental Biology-Oceanography
and Limnology); 10010 (Biochemistry--Comparative
Biochemistry, General); 10050 (Biochemistry-Biochemical
Methods--General); 10060 (Biochemistry--Biochemical
Studies:
General); 10504 (Biophysics--General Biophysical
Techniques);
22506 (Toxicology--Environmental and Industrial
Toxicology);
37015 (Public Health: Environmental Health--Air, Water
and
Soil Pollution)
Added keywords: Research Article; Water Quality; Pollution; Methodology;
Waste
Management; Aquatic Ecosystems; Aqueous Samples;
Haloacetic
Acids; Determination; Pollutants; Environment; in Situ
Derivatization; Gas Chromatography; Water Pollution;
Analytical Method; Canada; North America.
Abstract:
Canadian
Determination of haloacetic acid concentrations in
environmental samples were carried out using an in situ
derivatization method. An existing method used to
quantitate
monochloroacetic acid was extended to analyze
simultaneously
for 2,4-difluoroanilide of fluoro-, chloro- and
bromoacetic
acids in aqueous samples. This method requires
reduction of
sample volume to 50 mL, and then reacting the
concentrate
with 2,4-difluoroaniline using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
as
catalyst in ethyl acetate to produce the acid anilide.
Quantitation utilizes gas chromatography with mass
selective
detector in the selected ion monitoring mode. The
response at
m/z 129 was used to quantitate the monosubstituted
acids and,
with the exception of trifluoroacetic acid, the di- and
trisubstituted acids were quantitated using m/z 156.
Quantitation of trifluoroacetic acid utilized m/z 225.
The
ubiquitous nature of these compounds required analyzing
a
blank with each sample as traces of the haloacids were
found
in the solvent and chemicals used in the method. All
nine
anilides were synthesized with the response from
standard
solutions used for quantitation. Environmental samples
from
14 locations were analyzed and these included lake
water
(replicates), rain, snow, groundwater and drinking
water
samples. With the exception of one groundwater sample,
monoand dichloroacetic acids were found in all samples at
concentrations in the range of 0.02 to 8 mu-g/L. Also
monoand trifluoroacetic acid were found in 9 of 14 and 7 of
14 of
the samples, respectively (0.004 to 0.600 mu-g/L).
Monobromoacetic acid was found mainly in the drinking
water
samples at 4 mu-g/L. The dibromoacetic acid was
detected in
snow and drinking water samples, and trichloro- and
difluoroacetic acids were detected in only a few
samples.
Tribromoacetic acid was not detected in any of the
samples.
2.
Author:
J.
Affiliation:
Strasse 2,
Title:
a
Rai, H; Arts, M T; Wainman, B C; Dockal, N; Krambeck, H
Max-Planck-Inst. fuer Limnologie, August-ThienemanD-24302 Ploen, Germany.
Lipid production in natural phytoplankton communities in
Source:
small freshwater Baltic Lake, Lake Schoehsee, Germany.
Freshwater Biology, v.38, n.3, (1997): 581-590.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
11000
13000
13500
13700
Plantae-Unspecified.
Algae-Unspecified.
Chrysophyta.
Cryptophyta.
Supertaxa:
Plants; Microorganisms; Nonvascular plants; Algae.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07502 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--General;
Methods);
23001 (Temperature: Its Measurement, Effects and
Regulation--General Measurement and Methods); 51504
(Plant
Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Nutrition)
Added keywords: Research Article; Plant; Algae; Diatoms; Cryptophytes;
Phytoplankton; Lipid; Production; Seasonality;
Nutrients;
Temperature; Nitrate; Silica; Carbon; Freshwater
Ecology;
Metabolism; Lake Schoehsee; Germany.
Abstract:
photosynthetic
1. Seasonal patterns in lipid production and the
parameters describing lipid production in Lake Schohsee
(a
small freshwater, mono-dimictic and moderately
eutrophic
North German Baltic lake) were determined. 2. The mean
lipid
fraction of C fixation (LIP-FCF) was 13.2% (range 7.621%),
measured bimonthly from January to December 1995.
Periods of
high nutrient concentration, low temperatures and
particular
species of algae (diatoms and/or cryptophytes), were
associated with the highest LIP-FCF values. 3. None of
the
static indicators of nutrient status (dissolved
nitrate,
soluble reactive silica (SRS); C/N or N/P) are
apparently
related to the allocation of carbon to lipid in Lake
Schohsee. 4. The light saturation parameters (I-k:I-kLIP)
indicated that carbon fixation into lipid was saturated
at
much lower light than that of total carbon fixation.
This
suggested that carbon fixation into lipid was more
light
efficient than total carbon fixation. 5. The relative
allocation of carbohydrate and protein was related to
daylength and temperature, respectively.
3.
Author:
Hainsworth,
Koch, G W; Farrar, C D; Miglietta, F; Canadell, J;
Affiliation:
Title:
L; Amthor, J S.
Northern Ariz. Univ., Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.
INYO FACE: CO-2 emission estimates and plant responses to
chronic (CO-2) enhancement at the Mono Lake diversion
tunnel.
Source:
Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, v.78, n.4
SUPPL., (1997): 125.
Pub. type:
CONFERENCE LITERATURE.
Conference:
Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America held
jointly with the Nature Conservancy on Changing
Ecosystems:
Natural and Human Influences, Albuquerque, New Mexico,
USA,
August 10-14, 1997.
Language:
Biosystematic
Codes:
English.
25102
25280
25840
26675
Coniferopsida.
Cyperaceae.
Compositae.
Rosaceae.
Supertaxa:
Plants; Vascular plants; Spermatophytes; Gymnosperms;
Angiosperms; Monocots; Dicots.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07504 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Bioclimatology
and
Biometeorology); 07506 (Ecology; Environmental
Biology--Plant); 07514 (Ecology; Environmental
Biology--Limnology); 51520 (Plant Physiology,
Biochemistry
and Biophysics--Translocation, Accumulation); 51522
(Plant
Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Chemical
Constituents);
Other:
00520 (General Biology--Symposia, Transactions and
Proceedings of Conferences, Congresses, Review Annuals)
Added keywords: Meeting Abstract; Artemisia Tridentata; Purshia
Tridentata;
Chrysothamnus Nauseosus; Scirpus Spp.; Jeffrey Pine;
Riparian
Vegetation; Carbon Dioxide; Emission Estimates; Stem
Wood
Chronosequence; Atmospheric Pressure Gradient;
Sagebrush
Scrub; Diversion Tunnel; Ecology; Mono Lake; Inyo
National
Forest; California; Usa; Great Basin; Usa.
4.
Author:
Affiliation:
Title:
phreatophytic
Donovan, L A; Richards, J H.
Univ. Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Plant and soil water relations of a salt-loving
Source:
desert shrub.
Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, v.78, n.4
SUPPL., (1997): 80.
Pub. type:
CONFERENCE LITERATURE.
Conference:
Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America held
jointly with the Nature Conservancy on Changing
Ecosystems:
Natural and Human Influences, Albuquerque, New Mexico,
USA,
August 10-14, 1997.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
25795 Chenopodiaceae.
Supertaxa:
Dicots.
Plants; Vascular plants; Spermatophytes; Angiosperms;
Concept Codes:
Major:
07504 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Bioclimatology
and
Biometeorology); 07506 (Ecology; Environmental
Biology--Plant); 10069 (Biochemistry--Biochemical
Studies:
Minerals); 51502 (Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and
Biophysics--Water Relations); 52807 (Soil Science-Fertility
and Applied Studies (1970- ));
Other:
00520 (General Biology--Symposia, Transactions and
Proceedings of Conferences, Congresses, Review Annuals)
Added keywords: Meeting Abstract; Sarcobatus Vermiculatus; Phreatophytic
Halophyte; Salinity; Soil Water Relations; Sodium; Root
Hydraulic Conductivity; Chemical Coordination; Soil
Moisture;
Seasonality; Mono Lake; California; Usa.
5.
Author:
Affiliation:
Title:
Lake
Source:
American
Reid, F A.
Docks Unlimited Inc., Rancho Cordova, CA, USA.
Challenges in waterfowl habitat restoration of the Mono
Basin.
Wadsworth, K. G. (Ed.). Transactions of the North
Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, 62.
Transactions
of the Sixty-second North American Wildlife and Natural
Resources Conference; Finding Common Ground in Uncommon
Times, Washington, D.C., USA, March 14-18, 1997.
viii+526p.
Wildlife Management Institute: Washington, DC, USA.
1997. p.
386-402.
Pub. type:
BOOK, CONFERENCE LITERATURE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
85500 Aves-Unspecified.
Supertaxa:
Birds.
Animals; Chordates; Vertebrates; Nonhuman vertebrates;
Concept Codes:
Major:
00508 (General Biology--Institutions, Administration
and
Legislation); 00512 (General Biology--Conservation,
Resource
Management); 07518 (Ecology; Environmental Biology-Wildlife
Management-Terrestrial); 62518 (Chordata, General and
Systematic Zoology--Aves)
Added keywords: Book Chapter; Meeting Paper; Waterfowl; Habitat
Restoration;
Wildlife Management; Public Trust and Water Right
Decision
1631; Landscape Challenge; Mono Lake Basin; California;
Usa.
Other entries:
6.
Author:
Affiliation:
Title:
Drewien, R C.
Ratcliff, T D.
Guruge, K S; Tanabe, S.
Dep. Environment Conservation, Ehime Univ., Tarumi 3-5-7,
Matsuyama 790, Japan.
Congener specific accumulation and toxic assessment of
polychlorinated biphenyls in common cormorants,
Phalacrocorax
Source:
carbo, from Lake Biwa, Japan.
Environmental Pollution, v.96, n.3, (1997): 425-433.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
85550 Pelecaniformes.
Supertaxa:
Birds.
Animals; Chordates; Vertebrates; Nonhuman vertebrates;
Concept Codes:
Major:
07508 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal); 07514
(Ecology; Environmental Biology--Limnology); 10060
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: General); 10064
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: Proteins, Peptides
and
Amino Acids); 10808 (Enzymes--Physiological Studies);
13002
(Metabolism--General Metabolism; Metabolic Pathways);
22506
(Toxicology--Environmental and Industrial Toxicology);
37015
(Public Health: Environmental Health--Air, Water and
Soil
Pollution)
Added keywords: Research Article; Phalacrocorax Carbo; Common Cormorant;
Adult;
Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Pcbs; Toxic Assessment;
Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase; Erod;
Pentoxyresorufin-O-deethylase; Prod; Toxicology;
Congener
Specific Accumulation; Estimated Metabolic Index;
Environmental Impact Assessment; Pollution; Lake Biwa;
Japan.
Abstract:
Isomer-specific accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) including di-, mono- and non-ortho congeners and
hepatic P-450 activities were determined in adult
common
cormorants from Lake Biwa, Japan. The mean total PCB
levels
in male and female birds were 7.2 plus-minus 6.1 and
2.1
plus-minus 0.74 mu-g g-1 wet wt, respectively, in the
liver.
The highly biomagnified congeners were IUPAC 126, 153,
169,
180 and 194, whereas a higher degree of
biotransformation
could be observed in both meta-para chlorine
unsubstituted
congeners in the cormorant liver. The estimated
metabolic
index also showed that common cormorants had higher PBtype
enzyme activities than some avian and marine mammals
but poor
MC-type enzyme activities. The concentrations of nonortho
coplanar congeners were in the order of IUPAC 126 gt
IUPAC
169 gt IUPAC 77 with mean values 6.1 plus-minus 5.9,
1.3
plus-minus 1.4 and 0.43 plus-minus 0.26 ng g-1 wet wt,
respectively. The calculated mean 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic
equivalent (TEQ) concentration in cormorants was 1.8
plus-minus 1.7 ng g-1 wet wt and was dominated by IUPAC
118,
followed by IUPAC 126. A significant increase of
ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and
pentoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (PROD) activities was
observed
with estimated TEQ of PCBs in the cormorants,
suggesting that
the current contamination level is sufficient for
altering
their biochemical responses.
7.
Author:
P; Van
Affiliation:
Title:
polychlorinated
Source:
(1997):
Leonards, P E; Zierikzee, Y; Brinkman, U A T; Cofino, W
Straalen, N M; Van Hattum, B.
Dep. Anal. Chem., Vrije Univ., De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV
Amsterdam, Netherlands.
The selective dietary accumulation of planar
biphenyls in the otter (Lutra lutra).
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v.16, n.9,
1807-1815.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
85780 Mustelidae.
Supertaxa:
Mammals;
Animals; Chordates; Vertebrates; Nonhuman vertebrates;
Nonhuman mammals; Carnivores.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07508 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal); 07514
(Ecology; Environmental Biology--Limnology); 10060
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: General); 10506
(Biophysics--Molecular Properties and Macromolecules);
13202
(Nutrition--General Studies, Nutritional Status and
Methods);
22506 (Toxicology--Environmental and Industrial
Toxicology)
Added keywords: Research Article; Lutra Lutra; Otter; Food Web Transfer;
Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Bioaccumulation; Selective
Dietary
Accumulation; Toxicology; Freshwater Ecology;
Structure-Activity Relationship; Oude Venen Lake
System;
Netherlands; Europe.
Abstract:
Europe is
The decline of the populations of otters in Western
assumed to be related to the accumulation of
polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) in this species. A study was conducted
to
investigate the trophic transfer of non-ortho, monoortho-,
and di-orthosubstituted PCBs in the food web of the
otter
(Lutra lutra) in the Oude Venen lake system in the
Netherlands, with relatively low PCB contamination.
This area
was one of the last strongholds of otters in the
Netherlands
and the species is considered to be virtually extinct
since
1988. A marked increase in concentration of chlorinated
biphenyls (CBs) was observed with successive trophic
levels
of the aquatic food web. Mean concentrations of the sum
of 28
CB congeners (SIGMA-CB) increased from 142 ng CB/g
(organic
carbon basis) in sediment and particulate matter to 588
ng
CB/g (lipid weight basis) in invertebrates, to 2,450 ng
CB/g
(lipid weight) in fish, and 70,940 ng CB/g (lipid
weight) in
otter. A diet-specific biomagnification factor (BMF) of
14
was calculated from fish to otter based on SIGMA-CB;
however,
on the basis of toxic equivalent concentrations (SIGMATEQ),
a BMF of 41 was found. This higher BMF on TEQ basis was
mainly due to the enrichment of non-ortho-substituted
CB 126
in otter, compared to fish. In fish CB 126 contributed
30 to
50% to SIGMA-TEQ, while this congener contributed 60 to
80%
in otters. A shift in the CB patterns was found from
relatively high concentrations of lowly chlorinated CBs
in
the abiotic compartments to the higher chlorinated CBs
(five
to seven chlorine atoms) at the highest trophic level.
The
relatively low concentrations of CB 77 and CBs with
vicinal
H-atoms at the meta-para position in otter compared to
fish
indicates that otters can metabolize these CBs and have
P4501A-like and P4502B-like enzyme systems. It appears
that
even in an ecosystem with relatively low CB
contamination,
concentrations of CBs can be relatively high in aquatic
top
predators. The non-ortho-substituted CBs seem to be the
most
important toxic threat for otters, firstly because of
the
relatively high BMFs of CB 126 and CB 169 and secondly
because of the formation of metabolites of CB 77.
8.
Author:
Affiliation:
Title:
Ontario.
Source:
Metcalfe, T L; Metcalfe, C D.
Environmental Resource Studies Program, Trent Univ.,
Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.
The trophodynamics of PCBs, including mono-and non-ortho
congeners, in the food web of North-Central Lake
Science of the Total Environment, v.201, n.3, (1997):
245-272.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
85518 Charadriiformes.
Supertaxa:
Birds.
Animals; Chordates; Vertebrates; Nonhuman vertebrates;
Concept Codes:
Major:
07508 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal); 10069
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: Minerals); 22506
(Toxicology--Environmental and Industrial Toxicology);
37015
(Public Health: Environmental Health--Air, Water and
Soil
Pollution)
Added keywords: Research Article; Herring Gull; Pollution; Toxicology;
Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Trophodynamics; Pollutant;
Non-Ortho Congeners; Mono-Ortho Congeners; Contaminant;
Pcb's; Food-Web; Biomagnification; North-Central; Lake
Ontario; North America.
Abstract:
the
The distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in
food-web of Lake Ontario was studied to determine the
parameters that control the trophodynamics of PCB
congeners;
including toxic non-ortho and mono-ortho PCBs.
'Biomagnification' of PCBs was evident in the food-web
as
total PCBs increased through trophic levels when
concentrations were calculated on both a wet wt. and
lipid
weight basis; although there was no evidence of
biomagnification between forage fish and piscivorous
fish.
Biomagnification was greatest for congeners with log
octanol-water partition (log K-ow) coefficients between
6 and
7.5. Non-ortho congeners 77 and 126, and congener 151
were
not biomagnified to the extent of other congeners with
similar K-ow, which was attributed to high rates of
metabolic
clearance of these compounds. The Toxic Equivalent
Quantities
(TEQs) associated with non-ortho and mono-ortho PCBs
increased throughout the Lake Ontario food-web. The
high TEQ
observed in herring gull eggs was primarily the result
of
very high concentrations of congener 126 in this
component of
the food web.
9.
Author:
Affiliation:
Title:
Source:
Donovan, L A; Richards, J H; Schaber, E J.
Dep. Botany, Univ. Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7271, USA.
Nutrient relations of the halophytic shrub, Sarcobatus
vermiculatus, along a soil salinity gradient.
Plant and Soil, v.190, n.1, (1997): 105-117.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
25795 Chenopodiaceae.
Supertaxa:
Dicots.
Plants; Vascular plants; Spermatophytes; Angiosperms;
Concept Codes:
Major:
07506 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Plant); 51504
(Plant
Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Nutrition);
52805
(Soil Science--Physics and Chemistry (1970- ))
Added keywords: Research Article; Sarcobatus Vermiculatus; Greasewood;
Plant;
Halophytic Shrub; Terrestrial Ecology; Nutrition; Soil
Salinity Gradient; Nitrogen; Nutrient; Calcium;
Magnesium;
Potassium; Electrical Conductivity; Mono Lake;
California;
Usa.
Abstract:
(Mono
Recent water level declines of a saline and alkaline lake
Lake, California, USA) have exposed large areas of
former
lake bottom substrates that have been sparsely
colonized by
the halophytic shrub, Sarcobatus vermiculatus. To
increase
understanding of the interaction of salt and nutrient
relations in halophytes we investigated spatial and
seasonal
patterns of leaf elemental composition and growth for
Sarcobatus along an extreme salinity gradient using
four
sites varying in age since exposure. Soil and
groundwater Na
and EC increased from non-saline at the site farthest
from
the Lake to highly saline at the site closest to the
Lake.
Leaf and stem length growth declined along this same
transect. In June, when shoot growth rates were
maximal, leaf
Na paralleled substrate availability and reached a high
of
130 g kg-1 leaf dry weight near the Lake. Through the
remainder of the growing season, plants on the lower
salinity
site continued to accumulate increasing amounts of leaf
Na,
whereas plants at the highest salinity site reached a
plateau
earlier in the season. The similarity of high leaf Na
at all
sites by the end of the season indicates a dominance of
Na
nutrition over the entire gradient, and a possible
upper
bound of Na accumulation and tolerance for this
species. In
June, Sarcobatus leaf N, P were higher at sites further
from
the Lake and did not correspond to soil N (total) and P
that
were highest near the Lake. Leaf K, Ca, and Mg in June
also
did not match substrate availability, and were low
enough to
indicate marginal sufficiency for growth. However, the
increasing substrate Na did not interfere with K, Ca
and Mg
uptake based on selectivity coefficients (e.g. (leaf
K/leaf
Na)/(soil K/soil Na)) that did not decline with
increasing
substrate salinity. Uptake and transport to leaves, of
K and
Ca relative to Na, remained proportional to what was in
the
soil across the entire gradient of soil salinity.
Uptake and
transport of Mg relative to Na increased dramatically
in
inverse proportion to declining soil availability near
the
Lake, indicating that Mg may be a critical limiting
factor
for tolerance of high salinity sites. The key
determinants of
Sarcobatus growth and ecological dominance along this
extreme
salinity gradient (non-saline to highly saline) are the
propensity to accumulate large amounts of leaf Na over
the
entire gradient, and the ability to maintain adequate
uptake
of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg under highly variable substrate
combinations of nutrients and Na.
10.
Author:
Affiliation:
CA
Title:
delta-18O
Li, H-C; Ku, T-L; Stott, L D; Anderson, R F.
Dep. Earth Sci., Univ. Southern California, Los Angeles,
90089-0740, USA.
Stable isotope studies on Mono Lake (California). 1.
in lake sediments as proxy for climatic change during
the
Source:
last 150 years.
Limnology and Oceanography, v.42, n.2, (1997): 230-238.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07504 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Bioclimatology
and
Biometeorology); 07514 (Ecology; Environmental
Biology--Limnology); 10060 (Biochemistry--Biochemical
Studies: General); 52805 (Soil Science--Physics and
Chemistry
(1970- ))
Added keywords: Research Article; Lake Sediments; Climate Change; Calcium
Carbonate; Stream Inflow; Stable Isotope Studies;
Precipitation; Pore Water; Freshwater Ecology;
Climatology;
Mono Lake; California; Usa.
Abstract:
Basin
Mono Lake is a hypersaline, alkaline lake in the Mono
located at the eastern base of the Californian Sierra
Nevada.
Its lake-level history since 1912 has been recorded
instrumentally, showing the decline of lake-surface
elevations initiated by the 1941 artificial diversion
of
stream inflow. We have made high-resolution oxygen
isotopic
measurements on the total carbonate fraction of lake
sediments and shown that the delta-18O record parallels
the
lake-level fluctuations rather well. The measurements
were
carried out on sediments that had been leached with
deionized
water to isolate the isotopic signals of the calcium
carbonate from those of pore water and water-soluble
carbonate salts in the sediment. Extending the delta18O
record back in time, we found that lake level changed
markedly during the past 150 yr, reflecting climatic
variations and resultant runoff fluctuations. Lake
levels
were high around 1845, 1880, and 1915 and low around
1860,
1900, and 1933. This study demonstrates that closedbasin
lake sediment delta-18O provides an effective means of
probing past precipitation variations in arid to
semiarid
regions such as the Great Basin in the western United
States.
11.
Author:
Affiliation:
USA.
Title:
Mono
Jellison, R; Anderson, R F; Melack, J M; Heil, D.
Marine Sci. Inst., Univ. Calif., Santa Barbara, CA 93106,
Organic matter accumulation in sediments of hypersaline
Source:
Lake during a period of changing salinity.
Limnology and Oceanography, v.41, n.7, (1996): 1539-1544.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07514 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Limnology);
10060
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: General); 10069
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: Minerals); 52805
(Soil
Science--Physics and Chemistry (1970- ))
Added keywords: Research Article; Organic Matter Accumulation; Lake
Sediment;
Salinity Variation; Climatic Variation; Freshwater
Ecology;
Hypersaline; Mono Lake; California; Usa.
Abstract:
detailed
Finely laminated sediments of Mono Lake provide a
paleolimnological record of organic matter accumulation
during a period of large fluctuations in salinity that
resulted from climatic variation and water diversions.
In
sedimentary profiles representing the last 170 yr,
organic
carbon content of the sediments varied from 6.6 to 16.1
%.
The accumulation rate of organic carbon at a
sedimentation
rate of 0.7 cm yr-1 varied from 76 to 164 g C m-2 yr-1.
The
most notable change was a gradual increase in 5-yr mean
accumulation rate from 87 to 153 g C m-2 yr-1 as
salinity
increased from approximates 48 to 97 g liter-1 during
the
recent period of water diversions (1941-1982). Although
the
correlation between organic matter accumulation and
salinity
during the recent period may be due in part to the slow
decay
of organic matter under hypersaline conditions, a
positive
correlation between accumulation rates and estimated
lake
salinities at time of burial exists throughout the 170yr
record.
12.
Author:
Ramesh, R;
Affiliation:
Title:
Holocene
Kotlia, B S; Bhalla, M S; Sharma, C; Rajagopalan, G;
Chauhan, M S; Mathur, P D; Bhandari, S; Chacko, S T.
Dep. Geol., Kumaun Univ., Nainital 263 002, India.
Palaeoclimatic conditions in the upper Pleistocene and
Bhimtal-Naukuchiatal lake basin in south-central
Kumaun,
Source:
n.1-4,
North India.
Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, v.130,
(1997): 307-322.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
Supertaxa:
Mammals;
31000 Paleozoology.
86020 Soricidae.
86375 Muridae.
Animals; Chordates; Vertebrates; Nonhuman vertebrates;
Nonhuman mammals; Insectivores; Rodents.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07504 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Bioclimatology
and
Biometeorology); 62520 (Chordata, General and
Systematic
Zoology--Mammalia); 63000 (Paleozoology); 64726
(Geological
Periods--Pleistocene (1971- )); 64728 (Geological
Periods--Recent (1971- ))
Added keywords: Research Article; Mus; Sorex; Fossil; Paleoclimate; Upper
Pleistocene; Holocene; Climatology; Paleobiology;
South-Central Kumaun; Bhimtal-Naukuchiatal Lake Basin;
India.
Abstract:
A 52 m thick upper Pleistocene and Holocene terrestrial
succession in the Bhimtal-Naukuchiatal basin, south-
central
Kumaun Himalaya, India was studied using chronological,
palaeontological, palynological and delta-13C
measurements.
The section recorded evidence for climatic changes. At
least
two phases of and climate and one phase of humid
climate were
recopised. Preliminary palaeomagnetic studies revealed
a
reversal of polarity, presumably correlatable with the
Mono
Lake excursion. Prior to this, no reversal event in the
upper
Pleistocene-Holocene terrestrial sediments of Indian
subcontinent is known. A fossiliferous horizon,
discovered in
the lower part of the section, consisted of Sorex and
Mus.
This is the only report of a Late Pleistocene
micromammalian
assemblage in the Kumaun Himalaya.
13.
Author:
Affiliation:
Title:
Source:
Brown, J F.
1230 Porter St., Enumclaw, WA 98022, USA.
Effects of experimental burial on survival, growth, and
resource allocation of three species of dune plants.
Journal of Ecology, v.85, n.2, (1997): 151-158.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
25305 Gramineae.
25795 Chenopodiaceae.
25840 Compositae.
Supertaxa:
Monocots;
Plants; Vascular plants; Spermatophytes; Angiosperms;
Dicots.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07506 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Plant); 10060
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: General); 13002
(Metabolism--General Metabolism; Metabolic Pathways);
13202
(Nutrition--General Studies, Nutritional Status and
Methods);
51504 (Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and
Biophysics--Nutrition); 51510 (Plant Physiology,
Biochemistry
and Biophysics--Growth, Differentiation); 51519 (Plant
Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Metabolism);
51520
(Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and
Biophysics--Translocation, Accumulation); 52805 (Soil
Science--Physics and Chemistry (1970- ))
Added keywords: Research Article; Sarcobatus Vermiculatus; Chrysothamnus
Nauseosus; Distichlis Spicata; Survival; Growth;
Resource
Allocation; Burial; Nitrogen; Nutrient; Net
Assimilation
Rate; Leaf Area Ratio; Sand Movement; Terrestrial
Ecology;
Mono Lake; California; Usa.
Abstract:
growth
1. Changes in the survival, allocation of resources and
rate of three dune plant species from Mono Lake, CA
were
studied in response to experimental burial. Dominant
species,
the shrubs, Sarcobatus vermiculatus and Chrysothamnus
nauseosus, and the grass, Distichlis spicata, were
used. 2.
In both field and pot experiments, plants were buried
at four
different levels: no burial, partial burial, initial
complete
burial, and complete burial repeated every two weeks.
3. All
species survived partial burial. S. vermiculatus and D.
spicata were much more tolerant of repeated burial than
was
C. nauseosus. 4. As the severity of burial increased,
all
species shifted biomass from below-ground to above-
ground
components. Nitrogen allocation in S. vermiculatus and
C.
nauseosus shifted from roots to stems and leaves. 5.
The only
change in relative growth rate found in response to any
of
the burial treatments was a decline in that of S.
vermiculatus in the field experiment. Relative growth
rate of
all species was more highly correlated with net
assimilation
rate than with leaf area ratio. 6. The outcomes of the
two
experiments were sometimes different, emphasizing the
importance of confirming the results of pot experiments
with
field experiments before drawing ecological
conclusions. 7.
Desert dune plants survive burial in much the same
manner as
do coastal dune plants.
14.
Author:
Affiliation:
Station, TX
Title:
California.
Source:
1489-
Connell, T L; Joye, S B; Miller, L G; Oremland, R S.
U.S. Geological Survey, Tex. A and M Univ., College
77843, USA.
Bacterial oxidation of methyl bromide in Mono Lake,
Environmental Science & Technology, v.31, n.5, (1997):
1495.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
05000 Bacteria-General Unspecified (1992- )
Supertaxa:
Microorganisms; Bacteria; Eubacteria.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07514 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Limnology);
13002
(Metabolism--General Metabolism; Metabolic Pathways);
30000
(Bacteriology, General and Systematic); 31000
(Physiology and
Biochemistry of Bacteria)
Added keywords: Research Article; Bacteria; Trimethylamine-Degrading
Methylotroph; Methyl Bromide; Bacterial Oxidation;
Nitrification; Freshwater Ecology; Mono Lake;
California;
Usa.
Abstract:
column of
The oxidation of methyl bromide (MeBr) in the water
Mono Lake, CA, was studied by measuring the formation
of
H-114CO-3 from (14C)MeBr. Potential oxidation was
detected
throughout the water column, with highest rates
occurring in
the epilimnion (5-12 m depth). The oxidation of MeBr
was
eliminated by filter-sterilization, thereby
demonstrating the
involvement of bacteria. Vertical profiles of MeBr
activity
differed from those obtained for nitrification and
methane
oxidation, indicating that MeBr oxidation is not simply
a
co-oxidation process by either nitrifiers or
methanotrophs.
Furthermore, specific inhibitors of methane oxidation
and/or
nitrification (e.g., methyl fluoride, acetylene,
allylsulfide) had no effect upon the rate of MeBr
oxidation
in live samples. Of a variety of potential electron
donors
added to Mono Lake water, only trimethylamine resulted
in the
stimulation of MeBr oxidation. Cumulatively, these
results
suggest that the oxidation of MeBr in Mono Lake waters
is
attributable to trimethylaminedegrading methylotrophs.
Neither methyl chloride nor methanol inhibited the
oxidation
of (14C)MeBr in live samples, indicating that these
bacteria
directly oxidized MeBr rather than the products of MeBr
nucleophilic substitution reactions.
15.
Author:
N;
Affiliation:
7,
Title:
including
Nakata, H; Tanabe, S; Tatsukawa, R; Amano, M; Miyazaki,
Petrov, E A.
Dep. Life Environ. Conservation, Ehime Univ., Tarumi 3-5Matsuyama 790, Japan.
Bioaccumulation profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls
coplanar congeners and possible toxicological
implications in
Source:
Baikal seal (Phoca sibirica).
Environmental Pollution, v.95, n.1, (1997): 57-65.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
86185 Phocidae.
Supertaxa:
Mammals;
Animals; Chordates; Vertebrates; Nonhuman vertebrates;
Nonhuman mammals; Pinnipeds.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07512 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Oceanography);
13002
(Metabolism--General Metabolism; Metabolic Pathways);
22506
(Toxicology--Environmental and Industrial Toxicology);
37015
(Public Health: Environmental Health--Air, Water and
Soil
Pollution)
Added keywords: Research Article; Phoca Sibirica; Baikal Seal;
Polychlorinated
Biphenyls; Toxicity; Coplanar Congeners;
Bioaccumulation
Profiles; Toxicology.
Abstract:
Isomer specific concentrations of individual
polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) including toxic non-ortho (IUPAC 77,
126,
169), mono-ortho (105, 118, 156) and di-ortho (137,
138, 153,
180) coplanar congeners were determined in the blubber
of 40
Baikal seals (Phoca sibirica) and as their fish diet
collected from Lake Baikal, Siberia. Residue levels of
total
PCBs in Baikal seals were noticeably high and
comparable to
those reported for seals from the North Sea, suggesting
the
recent usage of this compound in the watershed of Lake
Baikal. Non-, mono-, and di-ortho coplanar congeners
were
also detected in Baikal seals and fish. An approach to
estimate bioaccumulation profiles of PCB congeners
revealed
that the non-ortho PCBs, IUPAC 77, 126 and 169 seemed
to be
less persistent than other congeners. Furthermore,
selective
biotransformation of PCB congeners having either metapara
vicinal H atoms or both adjacent chlorinated meta-para
and
ortho-meta positions has been suggested. Comparison of
2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents (TEQ) of non-, mono- and
di-ortho coplanar congeners in Baikal seals with those
for
other marine mammals suggested higher enrichment of
mono-ortho congeners, particularly IUPAC 105 and 118,
which
contributed significantly to the total TEQs in Baikal
seals.
Results imply that the TCDD-like toxicity is relatively
serious in Baikal seals, because of the enrichment of
these
toxic PCB congeners in tissues.
16.
Author:
H;
Affiliation:
RR 3,
Title:
from
Source:
(1997): 479-
MacDonald, D D; Ikonomou, M G; Rantalaine, A-L; Rogers, I
Sutherland, D; Van Oostdam, J.
MacDonald Environmental Sci. Ltd., 2376 Yellow Point Rd.,
Ladysmith, BC V0R 2E0, Canada.
Contaminants in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)
the upper Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v.16, n.3,
490.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
85206 Osteichthyes.
Supertaxa:
Fish.
Animals; Chordates; Vertebrates; Nonhuman vertebrates;
Concept Codes:
Major:
10060 (Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: General);
10069
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: Minerals); 22506
(Toxicology--Environmental and Industrial Toxicology);
37015
(Public Health: Environmental Health--Air, Water and
Soil
Pollution)
Added keywords: Research Article; Acipenser Transmontanus; White
Sturgeon;
Pollution; White Muscle; Red Muscle; Liver; Roe;
Metals;
Pollutant; Toxin; Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-dioxins;
Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans; Non-Ortho
Polychlorinated
Biphenyls; Mono-Ortho Polychlorinated Biphenyls;
Chlorophenols; Mercury; Health Canada Working
Guidelines;
Toxicology; Human Consumption; Muscular System;
Digestive
System; Prince George; North America; British Columbia;
Upper
Fraser River; Williams Lake; Canada.
Abstract:
River
Four white sturgeon were collected from the upper Fraser
near Prince George, British Columbia, Canada, in the
fall of
1991 and 1992. Two additional fish were taken from the
Fraser
River near Williams Lake, some 250 km downstream of
Prince
George. Samples of white muscle, red muscle, liver, and
roe
were analyzed for metals, polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins
(PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), nonortho and
mono-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and
chlorophenols to determine whether the tissues of this
species were acceptable for human consumption. The
concentrations of mercury in the white muscle and liver
of
several fish from the upper Fraser River exceeded the
provincial tissue residue criteria for people who
consumed
low quantities of fish (i.e., 210 g wet weight/week).
The
concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, and coplanar PCBs
(expressed
as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic
equivalents) in
red muscle and liver of these fish exceeded the Health
Canada
working guidelines for the protection of human health.
By
comparison, white sturgeon collected in the lower
Fraser
River had much lower concentrations of metals and
organic
contaminants. The differences in contaminant burdens in
fish
from the two widely separated reaches of the river
reflect
their proximity to or distance from known contaminant
sources.
17.
Author:
M;
Affiliation:
867
Title:
chemically and
Huestis, S Y; Servos, M R; Whittle, D M; Van Den Heuvel,
Dixon, D G.
Great Lakes Lab. Fish. Aquatic Sci., Dep. Fish. Oceans,
Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
Evaluation of temporal and age-related trends of
biologically generated 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxin
Source:
(1997): 154-
equivalents in Lake Ontario lake Trout, 1977 to 1993.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v.16, n.2,
164.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
85206 Osteichthyes.
Supertaxa:
Fish.
Animals; Chordates; Vertebrates; Nonhuman vertebrates;
Concept Codes:
Major:
22506 (Toxicology--Environmental and Industrial
Toxicology);
25508 (Developmental Biology-Embryology--Morphogenesis,
General); 37015 (Public Health: Environmental Health-Air,
Water and Soil Pollution)
Added keywords: Research Article; Lake Trout; Age-Related Trends;
Temporal
Trends; 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; Toxin;
Pollution; Non-Ortho-substituted Polychlorinated
Biphenyl
Congener; Mono-Ortho-substituted Polychlorinated
Biphenyl
Congeners; Di-Ortho-substituted Polychlorinated
Biphenyl
Congeners; Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-dioxins;
Polychlorinated
Dibenzofurans; Polychlorinated Biphenyl 77; Toxic
Equivalent
Factors; Lake Ontario; Canada; North America.
Abstract:
Levels of selected non-, mono-, and di-ortho-substituted
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners,
polychlorinated
dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated
dibenzofurans
(PCDFs) were determined in 4-year-old lake trout from
the
eastern basin of Lake Ontario, collected from 1977 to
1993.
Results confirm that overall levels of contaminants
have
decreased steadily in lake trout since 1977, and that
coplanar PCB levels do not appear to be increasing over
time
in relation to levels of other PCBs. Contaminant levels
in
lake trout from 3 to 9 years old, collected in 1988
from the
western end of Lake Ontario, show the body burden of
contaminants increases with age. Relative levels of
coplanar
PCBs to other PCBs for the age study samples showed no
change, except for PCB 77, which exhibited a slight
decrease
in relation to total PCB levels. Toxic equivalents
(TEQs)
were calculated from fish contaminant concentrations
measured
for the time study using toxic equivalence factors
(TEFs)
from both mammalian and teleost studies. The relative
contributions of PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs to total TEQs
were
examined. When TEFs used for risk assessment are
applied to
temporal trend data, 15 to 20% of the total TEQs were
due to
mono-ortho-substituted PCBs; 40 to 50% to non-ortho
coplanar
PCBs; and 20 to 30% to 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD and
PCDFs.
The TEQs determined from lake trout extracts by an
H4IIE cell
bioassay technique are compared to those determined by
chemical analyses, using a variety of TEFs.
18.
Author:
Affiliation:
Chestnut
Title:
Ciulla, R A; Diaz, M R; Taylor, B F; Roberts, M F.
Merkert Chem. Center, Boston Coll., 2609 Beacon S.,
Hill, MA 02167, USA.
Organic osmolytes in aerobic bacteria from Mono Lake, an
Source:
(1997): 220-
alkaline, moderately hypersaline environment.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v.63, n.1,
226.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
05000 Bacteria-General Unspecified (1992- )
Supertaxa:
Microorganisms; Bacteria; Eubacteria.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07514 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Limnology);
10060
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: General); 10506
(Biophysics--Molecular Properties and Macromolecules);
30000
(Bacteriology, General and Systematic); 31000
(Physiology and
Biochemistry of Bacteria)
Added keywords: Research Article; Bacteria; Aerobic; Organic Osmolytes;
Ectoine; Endogenous Solute; Sodium Chloride;
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate; Dmsp; Glycine Betaine;
Aresenobetaine; Biochemistry and Biophysics; Freshwater
Ecology; Mono Lake; California; Usa.
Abstract:
The identity and concentrations of intracellular organic
solutes were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy for two strains of aerobic, gram-negative
bacteria isolated from Mono Lake, Calif., an alkaline,
moderately hypersaline lake. Ectoine
(1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic
acid) was
the major endogenous solute in both organisms.
Concentrations
of ectoine varied with external NaCl levels in strain
ML-D
but not in strain ML-G, where the level was high but
invariant from 1.5 to 3.0 M NaCl. Hydroxyectoine also
occurred in strain ML-D, especially at elevated NaCl
concentrations (2.5 and 3.0 M), but at levels lower
than
those of ectoine. Exogenous organic solutes that might
occur
in Mono Lake were examined for their effects on the de
novo
synthesis of ectoine. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP)
(0.1
or 1 mM) did not significantly lower ectoine levels in
either
isolate, and only strain ML-G showed any capacity for
DMSP
accumulation. With nitrogen limitation, however, DMSP
(0.1
mM) substituted for ectoine in strain ML-G and became
the
main organic solute. Glycine betaine (GB) was more
effective
than DMSP in affecting ectoine levels, principally in
strain
MLD. Strain ML-D accumulated GB to 50 or 67% of its
organic
solute pool at 2.5 M NaCl, at an external level of 0.1
or 1
mM GB, respectively. Strain ML-D also accumulated
arsenobetaine. The methylated zwitterionic compounds,
probably metabolic products of phytoplankton (DMSP and
GB) or
brine shrimps (arsenobetaine) in Mono Lake, may
function as
osmolytes for indigenous bacteria when present at high
concentrations or under conditions of nitrogen
limitation or
salt stress.
19.
Author:
Affiliation:
Title:
nauseosus
Donovan, L A; Richards, J H; Muller, M W.
Dep. Bot., Univ. Ga., Athens, GA 30602-7271, USA.
Water relations and leaf chemistry of Chrysothamnus
ssp. consimilis (Asteraceae) and Sarcobatus
vermiculatus
Source:
1646.
(Chenopodiaceae).
American Journal of Botany, v.83, n.12, (1996): 1637-
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
25795 Chenopodiaceae.
25840 Compositae.
Supertaxa:
Dicots.
Plants; Vascular plants; Spermatophytes; Angiosperms;
Concept Codes:
Major:
07506 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Plant); 10069
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: Minerals); 51502
(Plant
Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Water
Relations);
51520 (Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and
Biophysics--Translocation, Accumulation); 51522 (Plant
Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Chemical
Constituents)
Added keywords: Research Article; Chrysothamnus Nauseosus Ssp.
Vermiculatus;
Sarcobatus Vermiculatus; Salt Rabbitbrush; Greasewood;
Water
Relations; Leaf Chemistry; Potassium; Sodium; Calcium;
Magnesium; Sodium Exclusion; Xylem Pressure Potential;
Photosynthesis; Stomatal Conductance; Life History;
Halophyte
Physiology; Ecology; Chemical Coordination; Plant;
California; Mono Lake; Usa.
Abstract:
At Mono Lake, California, we investigated field water
relations, leaf and xylem chemistry, and gas exchange
for two
shrub species that commonly co-occur on marginally
saline
soils, and have similar life histories and rooting
patterns.
Both species had highest root length densities close to
the
surface and have large tap roots that probably reach
ground
water at 3.4-5.0 m on the study site. The species
differed
greatly in leaf water relations and leaf chemistry.
Sarcobatus vermiculatus had a seasonal minimum predawn
xylem
pressure potential (psi-pd) of -2.7 MPa and a midday
potential (psi-md) of -4.1 MPa. These were
significantly
lower than for Chrysothamnus nauseosus, which had a
minimum
psi-pd of -1.0 MPa and psi-md of -2.2 MPa. Sarcobatus
had
leaf Na of up to 9.1% and K up to 2.7% of dry mass, and
these
were significantly higher than for Chrysothamnus which
had
seasonal maxima of 0.4% leaf Na and 2.4% leaf K. The
molar
ratios of leaf K/Na, Ca/Na, and Mg/Na were
substantially
lower for Sarcobatus than for Chrysothamnus. Xylem
ionic
contents indicated that both species excluded some Na
at the
root, but that Chrysothamnus was excluding much more
than
Sarcobatus. The higher Na content of Sarcobatus leaves
was
associated with greater leaf succulence, lower
calculated
osmotic potential, and lower xylem pressure potentials.
Despite large differences in water relations and leaf
chemistry, these species maintained similar diurnal
patterns
and rates of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance to
water
vapor diffusion. Sarcobatus psi-pd may not reflect soil
moisture availability due to root osmotic and hydraulic
properties.
20.
Author:
Affiliation:
UCSB,
Romero, J R; Melack, J M.
Marine Sci. Inst. Inst. Computational Earth System Sci.,
Source:
Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
Sensitivity of vertical mixing in a large saline lake to
variations in runoff.
Limnology and Oceanography, v.41, n.5, (1996): 955-965.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07504 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Bioclimatology
Title:
and
Biometeorology); 07514 (Ecology; Environmental
Biology--Limnology); 10060 (Biochemistry--Biochemical
Studies: General); 10069 (Biochemistry--Biochemical
Studies:
Minerals); 12100 (Movement (1971- ))
Added keywords: Research Article; Vertical Mixing; Saline Lake; Runoff
Variation; Streamflow; Precipitation; Climatic
Reconstruction; Meromixis; Freshwater Ecology; Mono
Lake;
Arbovirus; California; Usa.
Abstract:
salinity
To examine the influences of changes in lake level and
on the seasonal mixing regime, we applied a one-
dimensional
vertical mixing model to Mono Lake, California.
Assuming
climate change leads to less precipitation in the Mono
basin,
we simulated the frequency and duration of meromixis
for
three hydrological scenarios in which precipitation and
runoff were 100, 87.5, and 75% of those recorded for
the
50-yr period from 1940 to 1990 with the assumption of
no
diversion of streamflow. Simulations indicate that Mono
Lake
would be susceptible to meromixis over a large range of
lake
levels for all three scenarios during very large runoff
years. Climatic reconstructions and hydrological data
also
indicate a recent trend of higher interannual
variability in
precipitation and runoff in the Sierra Nevada. To
assess the
effect of higher interannual runoff variability on the
frequency of meromixis in Mono Lake, we ran the 87.5
and 75%
50-yr freshwater inputs with no reductions in the eight
largest runoff years. A higher incidence of meromixis
was
predicted when high runoff years were interspersed with
drought periods that kept the lake at levels
susceptible to
long-term chemical stratification.
21.
Author:
Affiliation:
Univ.
Title:
from
Diaz, M R; Taylor, B F.
Div. Mar. Atmos. Chem., Rosenstiel Sch. Mar. Atmos. Sci.,
Miami, Miami, FL 33149-1098, USA.
Metabolism of methylated osmolytes by aerobic bacteria
Mono Lake, a moderately hypersaline, alkaline
environment.
Source:
FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v.19, n.4, (1996): 239-247.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
05000 Bacteria-General Unspecified (1992- )
Supertaxa:
Microorganisms; Bacteria; Eubacteria.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07514 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Limnology);
10011
(Biochemistry--Physiological Water Studies (1970- ));
13002
(Metabolism--General Metabolism; Metabolic Pathways);
13012
(Metabolism--Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids); 30000
(Bacteriology, General and Systematic); 31000
(Physiology and
Biochemistry of Bacteria);
Other:
10060 (Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: General);
10064
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: Proteins, Peptides
and
Amino Acids)
Added keywords: Research Article; Bacterial Ecosystem;
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate; 3-Mercaptopropionate;
3-Methiolpropionate; Glycine Betaine; Ph.
Abstract:
water and
Three strains of aerobic bacteria were isolated from
sediment samples of Mono Lake, a moderately hypersaline
(90
ppt), alkaline (pH 9.7) lake in California. The
organisms,
Gram-negative rods, grew fastest at about pH 9.7 with
no
growth or much slower growth at pH 7.0. All three
isolates
grew on glycine betaine (GB) and respirometric
experiments
indicated that catabolism was by sequential
demethylation
with dimethyl glycine and sarcosine as intermediates.
Two of
the isolates also grew on dimethylsulfoniopropionate
(DMSP),
one with cleavage of the DMSP to yield dimethyl sulfide
(DMS)
and acrylate, and the other by demethylation with
3-methiolpropionate (MMPA) as an intermediate and the
production of methanethiol from MMPA. The methylated
osmolytes supported growth at salinities similar to
those in
Mono Lake, but, at higher salinities, catabolism was
suppressed and GB and DMSP functioned as osmolytes. GB
and
DMSP probably originate from cyanobacteria and/or
phytoplankton in Mono Lake and this report is the first
indication of both the DMS and
demethylation/methanethiol-producing pathways for DMSP
degradation in a nonmarine environment.
22.
Author:
H M.
Affiliation:
Belinsky, D L; Kuhnlein, H V; Yeboah, F; Penn, A F; Chan,
Cent. Nutr. Environ. Indigenous Peoples, Macdonald Campus
McGill Univ., 21111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste Anne de
Bellevue, PQ
Title:
Source:
H9X 3V9, Canada.
Composition of fish consumed by the James Bay cree.
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, v.9, n.2,
(1996):
148-162.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
86215 Hominidae.
Supertaxa:
Humans.
Animals; Chordates; Vertebrates; Mammals; Primates;
Concept Codes:
Major:
05500 (Social Biology; Human Ecology); 13206
(Nutrition--Minerals); 13222 (Nutrition--Lipids (1972-
));
13522 (Food Technology--Fish and Other Marine and
Freshwater
Products); 22502 (Toxicology--Foods, Food Residues,
Additives
and Preservatives);
Other:
10066 (Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: Lipids);
10069
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: Minerals)
Added keywords: Research Article; Coregonus Clupeaformis; Coregonus
Artedii;
Salvelinus Fontinalis; Salvelinus Namaycush; Esox
Lucius;
Human; Mercury; Cadmium; Arsenic; Lead; Heavy Metal;
Calcium;
Iron; Zinc; Copper; Nutritional Mineral; Fatty Acid;
Dietary
Intake; Quebec; Canada.
Abstract:
Autumn from
Five species of adult female fish were harvested in
coastal and inland reservoir areas within the territory
of
the James Bay Crees of Quebec, Canada. Whitefish
(Coregonus
clupeaformis), cisco (Coregonus artedii), brook trout
(Salvelinus fontinalis), lake trout (Salvelinus
namaycush),
and pike (Exos lucius) were harvested, portioned, and
analyzed for proximate composition, heavy metals (Hg,
Cd, As,
Pb), nutritional minerals (Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu), and a
complete
profile of fatty acids. Liver of pike and lake trout
and eggs
of whitefish, cisco, and lake trout were also analyzed.
Although liver and eggs are important traditional
cultural
food resources, nutrient data in liver and eggs have
not been
previously reported, except for whitefish eggs. Pike
and lake
trout flesh and liver and eggs of lake trout had Hg
levels
exceeding 0.5 mu-g/g. AU samples had greater amounts of
unsaturated fatty acids (mono- and polyunsaturates)
than
saturated fatty acids. Fe and Zn were low ( lt 0.5
mg/100 g)
in flesh, but were higher in portions of liver and
eggs, thus
providing dietary complement.
23.
Author:
Affiliation:
Title:
necked
Robinson, J A; Oring, L W.
Dep. Biol., Univ. Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
Long-distance movements by American Avocets and black-
Source:
stilts.
Journal of Field Ornithology, v.67, n.2, (1996): 307-320.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
85518 Charadriiformes.
Supertaxa:
Birds.
Animals; Chordates; Vertebrates; Nonhuman vertebrates;
Concept Codes:
Major:
03510 (Genetics and Cytogenetics--Sex Differences);
07003
(Behavioral Biology--Animal Behavior); 07508 (Ecology;
Environmental Biology--Animal); 12100 (Movement (1971));
25508 (Developmental Biology-Embryology--Morphogenesis,
General)
Added keywords: Research Article; Recurvirostra Americana; Himantopus
Mexicanus; Age Difference; Social Bonds; Sex
Difference;
Migration Behavior; Drainwater Evaporation Ponds;
Mexico;
California; Utah; Usa.
Abstract:
and
Color-banded American Avocets (Reurvirostra americana)
Black-necked Stilts (Himantopus mexicanus) were
resighted gt
50 km from their banding locations in the Great Basin.
Records from 90 migration and winter resightings of
birds
banded in the Honey Lake Valley (northeastern
California) and
3 birds banded at Great Salt Lake (Utah) provided
unique data
on long-distance movements by individuals of these
species.
Avocets and stilts left Honey Lake breeding areas and
went to
stopover areas at Mono Lake and in the Tulare Basin as
early
as July. Some individuals spent 48 days or more in the
Tulare
Basin. Both avocets and stilts were observed in sibling
groups during migration. Although one pair of banded
stilts
was observed during migration, differences in sex ratio
at a
migration stopover site suggested that male and female
stilts
might have different wintering ranges or migration
behavior.
Avocets from Honey Lake were found wintering along the
California coast from Arcata southward and along the
west
coast of Sinaloa, Mexico. First-year avocets were more
often
seen in coastal areas of California (relative to inland
areas) than were adults. Stilts were found wintering in
central California. Avocets and stilts banded in Utah
were
seen in the Tulare Basin (one stilt) and at wintering
grounds
in Mexico (one avocet and one stilt), indicating the
potential for population mixing. We propose that
avocets
migrate in short hops, retain partial family group
associations during migration, and may have agespecific
differences in migratory behavior or wintering range.
We
propose that stilts retain partial family group
associations
during migration, maintain pair bonds beyond the
breeding
attempt, and have sexual differences in migratory
behavior or
wintering range. These results have important
ramifications
for understanding impacts of drainwater evaporation
ponds in
the Tulare Basin on nonbreeding avocets and stilts.
24.
Author:
Affiliation:
Title:
Mono
Source:
for
Blum, J S; Burns, A M; Culbertson, C W; Oremland, R S.
U.S. Geol. Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
A selenate-respiring bacterial enrichment culture from
Lake, California.
Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society
Microbiology, v.96, (1996): 330.
Pub. type:
CONFERENCE LITERATURE.
Conference:
Microbiology,
96th General Meeting of the American Society for
New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, May 19-23, 1996.
Language:
Biosystematic
Codes:
Supertaxa:
plants;
English.
05000 Bacteria-General Unspecified (1992- )
25000 Spermatophyta.
Microorganisms; Bacteria; Eubacteria; Plants; Vascular
Spermatophytes.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07514 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Limnology);
10066
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: Lipids); 13003
(Metabolism--Energy and Respiratory Metabolism); 13010
(Metabolism--Minerals); 22506 (Toxicology-Environmental and
Industrial Toxicology); 31000 (Physiology and
Biochemistry of
Bacteria); 37015 (Public Health: Environmental Health-Air,
Water and Soil Pollution); 39006 (Food and Industrial
Microbiology-- Biodegradation and Biodeterioration)
Added keywords: Meeting Abstract; Agricultural Waste; Growth; California;
Usa.
25.
Author:
Affiliation:
Victoria,
Title:
effluent:
Bright, D A; Dodd, M; Rimer, K J.
Applied Res. Div., Royal Roads Univ., 2005 Sooke Rd.,
BC V9B 1W2, Canada.
Arsenic in subArctic lakes influenced by gold mine
The occurrence of organoarsenicals and 'hidden'
arsenic.
Source:
165-182.
Science of the Total Environment, v.180, n.2, (1996):
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
05000 Bacteria-General Unspecified (1992- )
Supertaxa:
Microorganisms; Bacteria; Eubacteria.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07514 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Limnology);
22506
(Toxicology--Environmental and Industrial Toxicology);
31000
(Physiology and Biochemistry of Bacteria); 37015
(Public
Health: Environmental Health--Air, Water and Soil
Pollution);
39006 (Food and Industrial Microbiology-Biodegradation and
Biodeterioration);
Other:
10069 (Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: Minerals)
Added keywords: Research Article; Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria;
Dimethylarsonic
Acid; Monomethylarsinic Acid; Water Pollution.
Abstract:
A series of subArctic lakes near Yellowknife, Northwest
Territories, Canada, are contaminated with arsenic
released
from a gold mine. The high environmental arsenic levels
afforded an opportunity to identify factors that
control
methylarsenical production in freshwater sediments. A
large
variety of methylated arsenicals were observed in most
pore
water and water column samples from lakes contaminated
by
aqueous or atmospheric arsenic inputs, albeit at low
concentrations relative to inorganic arsenic (generally
less
than 10% of the total dissolved arsenic concentration).
Biologically-mediated methylation/demethylation
reactions,
therefore, may influence the local arsenic cycle. Water
column samples exhibited a consistent methylarsenic
composition in which the dominant form was
dimethylarsonic
acid, followed by monomethylarsinic acid. A much
broader
range of mono-, di- and trimethylated arsenicals was
found in
sediment pore water, and the composition of
methylarsenic
species was highly variable both within and between
cores. We
provide indirect evidence that many samples contained
mono-,
di-, and trimethylated arsenic(III)thiols, of the form
(CH-3)-nAs-III (SR)-3-n (n = 1, 2, 3), the existence of
which
has been predicted but not previously demonstrated in
the
environment. The total dissolved methylarsenic
concentration
in cores consistently exhibited a subsurface maxima
between 5
and 15 cm depth, which suggests - in conjunction with
the
presence of other metabolites in pore water - that
methylation may be enhanced by sulfate-reducing
bacteria. The
role of sulfate-reducers in the production of
methylarsenicals observed in sediment pore water is
also
supported by co-variations with depth between the
concentration of methylarsenic species and iron
dissolution
or other chemical distributions attributed to
metabolism by
heterotrophic bacteria across different redox zones.
Many
samples contained appreciable concentrations of
arsenicals
the specific identity of which are presently unknown,
and
some of which are 'hidden' to conventional
hydridegeneration
analyses. At least one unidentified arsenical found in
lake
water and sediment pore water appears to have been
produced
directly or indirectly from atmospheric emissions from
the
gold mine. The occurrence of methylated arsenicals and
hidden
arsenic at concentrations that comprise a substantial
portion
of the total arsenic budget in some aquatic systems
suggests
that current models of lacustrine arsenic cycling that
incorporate only inorganic arsenicals need to be
revisited.
26.
Author:
Affiliation:
Renov, NV
Title:
food on
Dana, G L; Jellison, R; Melack, J M.
Biol. Sci. Cent., Desert Res. Inst., P.O. Box 60220,
89506-0220, USA.
Effects of different natural regimes of temperature and
survival, growth and development of Artemia monica
Verrill.
Source:
2130.
Journal of Plankton Research, v.17, n.11, (1995): 2117-
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
75102 Branchiopoda.
Supertaxa:
Animals; Invertebrates; Arthropods; Crustaceans.
Concept Codes:
Major:
04500 (Mathematical Biology and Statistical Methods);
07508
(Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal); 07514
(Ecology;
Environmental Biology--Limnology); 10515
(Biophysics--Biocybernetics (1972- )); 10614 (External
Effects--Temperature as a Primary Variable (1971- ));
12510
(Pathology, General and Miscellaneous--Necrosis (1971));
13202 (Nutrition--General Studies, Nutritional Status
and
Methods); 25508 (Developmental
Biology-Embryology--Morphogenesis, General); 64054
(Invertebrata, Comparative and Experimental Morphology,
Physiology and Pathology--Arthropoda-Crustacea)
Added keywords: Research Article; Artemia Monica; Mathematical Model;
Mortality; Development; California; Usa.
Abstract:
develop
Each year, two generations of Artemia monica Verrill
under different environmental conditions in hypersaline
Mono
Lake, California, USA. The first generation develops
during
spring when food levels are high and temperatures are
low and
warming slowly. The second generation develops during
summer
at low food levels and higher initial temperatures
which
continue to warm. In three experimental treatments, the
development, growth and survival of first- and
second-generation Artemia were determined under
laboratory
conditions which tracked the natural temperature and
food
regimes in the lake. Two food treatments were
administered
concurrently at low temperatures to first-generation
shrimp,
representing the high levels usually found during the
spring
(spring-high-food) and reduced food levels observed
during a
recent 6 year period of meromixis (spring-low-food).
The
third treatment of low food and higher temperatures was
administered to second-generation shrimp in summer
(summer-low-food). The development to adulthood and
onset of
reproduction occurred 5 days sooner in the high-food
treatment than in the low-food treatment of the spring
experiment, while development was 2-3 times faster in
the
warmer. summer-low-food treatment. Under spring-highfood
conditions, shrimp had a higher survival to adulthood
(46%)
and lower daily mortality rate (0.012 day-1) than in
the
spring-low-food treatment (30% survival and a 0.015
day-1
mortality rate). Survival to adulthood of summer-lowfood
animals (49%) was similar to that in spring-high-food;
however, the daily mortality rate was twice as high
(0.029
day-1). While instar-specific length did not vary among
treatments, instar-specific weights of juveniles and
adults
were lower in the summer-low-food treatment than in the
other
two treatments. Since food in the summer-low-food
treatment
was lower and temperatures higher than in the springlow-food
treatment, the lower weights in summer may be explained
by
food rather than temperature, or by both. The
cumulative
secondary production of single cohorts was lowest in
the
summer (0.32 mg dry weight individual-1) due to low
individual weights and highest under spring-high-food
conditions (1.1 mg dry weight individual-1).
27.
Author:
Affiliation:
1, Box
Jellison, R; Dana, G L; Melack, J M.
Sierra Nevada Aquatic Res. Lab., Univ. Calif., Star Rt.
198, Mammoth Lakes, CA 93546, USA.
Zooplankton cohort analysis using systems identification
techniques.
Journal of Plankton Research, v.17, n.11, (1995): 2093-
Title:
Source:
2115.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
75102 Branchiopoda.
Supertaxa:
Animals; Invertebrates; Arthropods; Crustaceans.
Concept Codes:
Major:
04500 (Mathematical Biology and Statistical Methods);
07508
(Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal); 07514
(Ecology;
Environmental Biology--Limnology); 10515
(Biophysics--Biocybernetics (1972- )); 12510
(Pathology,
General and Miscellaneous--Necrosis (1971- )); 25508
(Developmental Biology-Embryology--Morphogenesis,
General);
64054 (Invertebrata, Comparative and Experimental
Morphology,
Physiology and Pathology--Arthropoda-Crustacea)
Added keywords: Research Article; Artemia Monica; Mathematical Model;
Mortality; Development; California; Usa.
Abstract:
cohort
The linear-transfer and lag-Manly models of zooplankton
development were examined using data generated from a
third
more realistic model. The more realistic multi-transfer
model
included variance in development rate among
individuals. The
linear-transfer model produced highly biased estimates
of
development rate under conditions of rapidly changing
recruitment. Although its performance was improved by
increasing the number of modeled stages and thus
decreasing
the rate of change in recruitment compared to stage
duration,
a positive bias remained. The lag-Manly model also
produced
positively biased estimates of stage duration given
non-zero
variance in development rates. A comparison of the
models'
performances under different simulated sampling regimes
recommended the multi-transfer model. Use of the
multi-transfer model was illustrated by determining the
development and mortality rates of the brine shrimp,
Artemia
monica reared under three different conditions of food
and
temperature corresponding to natural regimes in Mono
Lake,
California. The experimental conditions and sampling
regime
resulted in high relative standard errors (mean, 33%)
in
stage abundance estimates not atypical of zooplankton
sampling regimes in lakes. A Monte Carlo analysis was
used to
determine the uncertainty in estimated parameters and
determine the level of stage aggregation which
maximized the
amount of information derived from the experiments.
28.
Author:
Affiliation:
Valley
Elphick, C S; Rubega, M A.
Ecology Evolution Conservation Biol., Univ. Nevada, 1000
Source:
Road, Reno, NV 89512, USA.
Prey choices and foraging efficiency of recently fledged
California gulls at Mono Lake, California.
Great Basin Naturalist, v.55, n.4, (1995): 363-367.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
85518 Charadriiformes.
Title:
Supertaxa:
Birds.
Animals; Chordates; Vertebrates; Nonhuman vertebrates;
Concept Codes:
Major:
07003 (Behavioral Biology--Animal Behavior); 07508
(Ecology;
Environmental Biology--Animal); 13202 (Nutrition-General
Studies, Nutritional Status and Methods); 25508
(Developmental Biology-Embryology--Morphogenesis,
General)
Added keywords: Research Article; Larus Californicus; Diet; Ecology; Usa.
Abstract:
California
We studied the foraging biology of recently fledged
Gulls (Larus californicus) at Mono Lake during
August-September 1991. We made behavioral observations
to
collect information on the relative proportions of
different
prey types in the diet of these birds and took plankton
tows
to determine the relative abundance of each prey in the
water
column. These data show that alkali flies (Ephydra
hians)
were the primary constituent of the diet and that they
were
eaten at a much higher rate than one would expect based
on
their abundance. We also determined the number of
feeding
attempts and successful captures made during each
behavioral
observation. From these, we calculated the birds'
feeding
efficiencies on emergent adult alkali flies and on all
other
prey types combined. We found that foraging
efficiencies on
emergent flies were very high and significantly greater
than
those obtained on other prey types. These results
suggest
that flies were actively sought in preference to the
alternative prey type, brine shrimp (Artemia monica),
presumably because they are easier to capture and of
greater
nutritional value.
29.
Author:
Affiliation:
Title:
California
Shivik, J A; Crabtree, R L.
Dep. Environ. Sci. Policy Management, Univ. California,
Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Coyote activity levels in relation to presence of
Source:
gulls at Mono Lake, California.
California Fish and Game, v.81, n.1, (1995): 22-28.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
Supertaxa:
Birds;
85518 Charadriiformes.
85765 Canidae.
Animals; Chordates; Vertebrates; Nonhuman vertebrates;
Mammals; Nonhuman mammals; Carnivores.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07003 (Behavioral Biology--Animal Behavior); 07508
(Ecology;
Environmental Biology--Animal); 10604 (External
Effects--Light and Darkness); 10614 (External
Effects--Temperature as a Primary Variable (1971- ));
12100
(Movement (1971- )); 13202 (Nutrition--General Studies,
Nutritional Status and Methods)
Added keywords: Research Article; Larus Californicus; Canis Latrans;
Nesting;
Predation; Temperature; Light; Usa.
Abstract:
colonies of
Islands which have historically supported breeding
California gulls (Larus californicus) at Mono Lake,
California have recently become peninsularized,
allowing
access to them by coyotes (Canis latrans). Coyote
ecology is
important in Mono Lake Basin because invading coyotes
may
cause gulls to abandon breeding colonies. We monitored
coyote
activities by using movement-sensitive radio collars
and
hypothesized that coyotes would shift their activity
rates in
response to presence or absence of California gulf
prey.
Coyotes did change their activity rates between
seasons, but
they did not adjust their activity levels to take
advantage
of nesting gulls' nighttime vulnerability. We also
analyzed
the activity data to look for relationships between
light
level and activity and between temperature and
activity. Our
results suggest that prey abundance and light level may
not
be as important in influencing coyote activity levels
as
temperature,.
30.
Author:
Affiliation:
Title:
on
Source:
SUPPL.
Schaber, E J; Richards, J H.
Univ. Calif., Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Nutrient and toxic ion constraints to shrub establishment
sand dunes at Mono Lake, CA.
Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, v.76, n.2
PART 2, (1995): 237.
Pub. type:
CONFERENCE LITERATURE.
Conference:
the
Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America on
Transdisciplinary Nature of Ecology, Snowbird, Utah,
USA,
July 30-August 3, 1995.
Language:
Biosystematic
Codes:
English.
25795 Chenopodiaceae.
25840 Compositae.
Supertaxa:
Dicots.
Plants; Vascular plants; Spermatophytes; Angiosperms;
Concept Codes:
Major:
07506 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Plant); 10011
(Biochemistry--Physiological Water Studies (1970- ));
13206
(Nutrition--Minerals); 22506 (Toxicology--Environmental
and
Industrial Toxicology); 51502 (Plant Physiology,
Biochemistry
and Biophysics--Water Relations); 51504 (Plant
Physiology,
Biochemistry and Biophysics--Nutrition); 51510 (Plant
Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Growth,
Differentiation); 51512 (Plant Physiology, Biochemistry
and
Biophysics--Reproduction); 54512
(Phytopathology--Nonparasitic Diseases);
Other:
00520 (General Biology--Symposia, Transactions and
Proceedings of Conferences, Congresses, Review
Annuals);
10069 (Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: Minerals)
Added keywords: Meeting Abstract; Chrysothamnus Nauseosus; Sarcobatus
Vermiculatus; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Potassium; Sulfur;
Magnesium; Sodium; Boron; Salinity; Growth;
Germination;
California; Usa.
31.
Author:
Affiliation:
Title:
a
Muller, M W; Richards, J H; Donovan, L A.
Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Soil water availability to Sarcobatus vermiculatus along
successional gradient at Mono Lake, California.
Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, v.76, n.2
Source:
SUPPL.
PART 2, (1995): 192.
Pub. type:
CONFERENCE LITERATURE.
Conference:
the
Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America on
Transdisciplinary Nature of Ecology, Snowbird, Utah,
USA,
July 30-August 3, 1995.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
25795 Chenopodiaceae.
Supertaxa:
Dicots.
Plants; Vascular plants; Spermatophytes; Angiosperms;
Concept Codes:
Major:
07504 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Bioclimatology
and
Biometeorology); 07506 (Ecology; Environmental
Biology--Plant); 10011 (Biochemistry--Physiological
Water
Studies (1970- )); 51502 (Plant Physiology,
Biochemistry and
Biophysics--Water Relations); 51520 (Plant Physiology,
Biochemistry and Biophysics--Translocation,
Accumulation);
52805 (Soil Science--Physics and Chemistry (1970- ));
Other:
00520 (General Biology--Symposia, Transactions and
Proceedings of Conferences, Congresses, Review
Annuals);
10069 (Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: Minerals)
Added keywords: Meeting Abstract; Sarcobatus Vermiculatus; Drought;
Seasonality; Xylem Pressure Potential; Salt
Accumulation;
Leaf Osmotic Potential; California; Usa.
32.
Author:
Fort, K P; Richards, J H.
Affiliation:
Title:
CA.
Source:
SUPPL.
Univ. Calif., Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Seed dispersal onto recently exposed playa at Mono Lake,
Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, v.76, n.2
PART 2, (1995): 84.
Pub. type:
CONFERENCE LITERATURE.
Conference:
the
Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America on
Transdisciplinary Nature of Ecology, Snowbird, Utah,
USA,
July 30-August 3, 1995.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
11000 Plantae-Unspecified.
Supertaxa:
Plants.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07506 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Plant); 51510
(Plant
Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Growth,
Differentiation); 51512 (Plant Physiology, Biochemistry
and
Biophysics--Reproduction);
Other:
00520 (General Biology--Symposia, Transactions and
Proceedings of Conferences, Congresses, Review Annuals)
Added keywords: Meeting Abstract; Seed Trapping; Desert Saline Playa;
Usa.
33.
Author:
Affiliation:
Title:
Source:
for
Ciulla, R; Diaz, M; Taylor, B; Roberts, M F.
Boston Coll., Chestnut Hill, MA 02167, USA.
NMR studies of osmolytes in mono lake microorganisms.
Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society
Microbiology, v.95, (1995): 323.
Pub. type:
CONFERENCE LITERATURE.
Conference:
Microbiology,
95th General Meeting of the American Society for
Washington, D.C., USA, May 21-25, 1995.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
09230 Oscillatoriales (1992- )
Supertaxa:
Microorganisms; Bacteria; Eubacteria; Cyanobacteria.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07514 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Limnology);
10504
(Biophysics--General Biophysical Techniques); 31000
(Physiology and Biochemistry of Bacteria);
Other:
00520 (General Biology--Symposia, Transactions and
Proceedings of Conferences, Congresses, Review Annuals)
Added keywords: Meeting Abstract; Trichodesmium; Organic Solutes;
Osmoregulation; California; Usa.
34.
Author:
Affiliation:
Source:
Toft, C A.
Div. Biol. Sci., Sect. Evolution Ecol., Center Population
Biol., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
A 10-year demographic study of rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus
nauseosus): Growth, survival and water limitation.
Oecologia (Berlin), v.101, n.1, (1995): 1-12.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
25840 Compositae.
Title:
Supertaxa:
Dicots.
Plants; Vascular plants; Spermatophytes; Angiosperms;
Concept Codes:
Major:
07506 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Plant); 51502
(Plant
Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Water
Relations);
51510 (Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics-Growth,
Differentiation); 52803 (Soil Science--Genesis,
Morphology,
Classification, Geology)
Added keywords: Research Article; Chrysothamnus Nauseosus; Competition;
Sand
Dune Ecosystem.
Abstract:
nauseosus
A population of 126 adult rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus
var. consimilis) was followed for 10 consecutive years
from
1983 through 1992 in a sand-dune ecosystem on the north
shore
of Mono Lake, California. The study area received an
average
(1981-1992) of 160 mm total annual precipitation of
which 55
mm fell from April through October, making this site
drier
than other known sites in the Great Basin desert where
C.
nauseosus occurs. Cover of all shrubs was 18.0%, and
that of
C. nauseosus 7.5%, in the 3077 m-2 study plot. Water
was
limiting for this population of C. nauseosus, exerting
large
effects on new canopy growth and reproductive effort in
a
given year. on survival, and on establishment of
juveniles
into the adult population. Growth and survivorship of
the
adult shrubs were significantly correlated with the
depth to
ground water, which varied from 3.6 to 6.0 m below the
surface during the study, and not with any measure of
precipitation in a given year or adjacent years. Shrubs
in
this population exhibited a net decrease in size
between 1983
and 1992. The region experienced a significant drought
from
1987 onwards, with some increase in precipitation after
1990.
Mortality of shrubs began in 1987 and reached 22% by
1992.
Individuals that died were smaller on average initially
than
individuals surviving throughout the study: 50% or more
of
the individuals having 4000 cm-2 of canopy or less at
the
start of the study died by 1992. Elevation (m msl) of
each
shrub in the study area, presumably correlated with
depth to
ground water, had no effect on growth but a weak effect
on
survival during the study period. Specific microsite
had
significant effects, with shrubs on steep slopes being
smaller, having more negative "growth" slopes, and
being more
likely to die during the drought compared to
individuals
occurring on flatter gradients. Recruitment of
juveniles into
the population did not occur after 1985. Competition
between
shrubs could not be definitively demonstrated during
the
study, but only indirect tests for competition were
used.
Adult C. nauseosus and adults of all species combined
(Sarcobatus vermiculatus with 9.6% cover, Tetradymia
tetrameres with 0.8% cover and Chrysothamnus
viscidiflorus
with 0.02% cover) were randomly distributed, failing to
support the hypothesis of competition if competition
for
water results in a uniform distribution of shrubs.
Moreover,
comparison of the spatial dispersion of C. nauseoslis
individuals before (1985) and after (1992) mortality
did not
reveal competitive thinning toward uniformity. On the
other
hand, larger individuals were farther from their
nearest
neighbor than were smaller individuals, an effect
postulated
to result from competitive thinning.
35.
Author:
Affiliation:
Nevada, 1000
Title:
lobatus:
Rubega, M; Inouye, C.
Program Ecol., Evolution Conservation Biol., Univ.
Valley Road, Reno, NV 89512, USA.
Prey switching in red-necked phalaropes Phalaropus
Source:
Feeding limitations, the functional response and water
management at Mono Lake, California, USA.
Biological Conservation, v.70, n.3, (1994): 205-210.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
85518 Charadriiformes.
Supertaxa:
Birds.
Animals; Chordates; Vertebrates; Nonhuman vertebrates;
Concept Codes:
Major:
00512 (General Biology--Conservation, Resource
Management);
07003 (Behavioral Biology--Animal Behavior); 07514
(Ecology;
Environmental Biology--Limnology); 07516 (Ecology;
Environmental Biology--Wildlife Management-Aquatic);
07518
(Ecology; Environmental Biology--Wildlife
Management-Terrestrial); 12100 (Movement (1971- ));
12502
(Pathology, General and Miscellaneous--General); 12510
(Pathology, General and Miscellaneous--Necrosis (1971));
13202 (Nutrition--General Studies, Nutritional Status
and
Methods); 14004 (Digestive System--Physiology and
Biochemistry); 62518 (Chordata, General and Systematic
Zoology--Aves);
Other:
10069 (Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: Minerals)
Added keywords: Research Article; Phalaropus Lobatus; Artemia Monica;
Digestive
Physiology; Prey Preference; Prey Diversity; Prey
Abundance;
Mass Loss; Mortality; Water Diversion; Salinity;
Wetlands.
Abstract:
to
The ability of red-necked phalaropes Phalaropus lobatus
switch prey under conditions of changing prey abundance
at
Mono Lake, California, was tested in order to predict
the
potential effects of continued water diversions there
on
migratory waterbird populations. Red-necked phalaropes
cannot
switch prey because they are incapable of surviving on
a diet
of just the hardier of two invertebrates threatened by
salinity increases at Mono Lake. Individuals
experimentally
limited to brine shrimp Artemia monica as a primary
prey
source lost mass rapidly until death ensued, or until
they
were offered other prey. These data show that a marked
preference for one prey may indicate important
physiological
limitations in a predator. Such limitations may partly
explain Murdoch's empirically supported prediction
(Ecol.
Mongr. (196), 39, 335-54) that prey switching will not
occur
where strong prey preferences exist. These results also
indicate that strong prey preferences of migratory
birds can,
and probably should, help determine water management
policy
at wetlands of importance to shorebirds, especially in
cases
where initial prey diversity is low.
36.
Author:
Affiliation:
USA.
Title:
Source:
Aigner, P A; Morrison, M L; Hall, L S; Block, W M.
Sch. Forestry, North Ariz. Univ., Flagstaff, AZ 86011,
Great horned owl food habits at Mono Lake, California.
Southwestern Naturalist, v.39, n.3, (1994): 286-288.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
85564 Strigiformes.
Supertaxa:
Birds.
Animals; Chordates; Vertebrates; Nonhuman vertebrates;
Concept Codes:
Major:
07003 (Behavioral Biology--Animal Behavior); 07508
(Ecology;
Environmental Biology--Animal); 13203
(Nutrition--Malnutrition; Obesity); 14001 (Digestive
System--General; Methods)
Added keywords: Research Article; Bubo Virginianus; Prey Choice; Fecal
Analysis; Usa.
37.
Author:
Affiliation:
1, Box
Title:
circinnatus
Herbst, D B; Castenholz, R W.
Sierra Nev. Aquatic Res. Lab., Univ. Calif., Star Route
198, Mammoth Lakes, CA 93546, USA.
Growth of the filamentous green alga Ctenocladus
(Chaetophorales, Chlorophyceae) in relation to
environmental
Source:
salinity.
Journal of Phycology, v.30, n.4, (1994): 588-593.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
13300 Chlorophyta.
Supertaxa:
Microorganisms; Plants; Nonvascular plants; Algae.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07506 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Plant); 07514
(Ecology; Environmental Biology--Limnology); 10065
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: Porphyrins and Bile
Pigments); 51000 (Morphology, Anatomy and Embryology of
Plants); 51502 (Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and
Biophysics--Water Relations); 51506 (Plant Physiology,
Biochemistry and Biophysics--Photosynthesis); 51510
(Plant
Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Growth,
Differentiation);
Other:
02504 (Cytology and Cytochemistry--Plant); 10011
(Biochemistry--Physiological Water Studies (1970- ))
Added keywords: Research Article; Ctenocladus Circinnatus; Cell Form;
Chlorophyll A; Water Content; Abert Lake; Oregon; Mono
Lake;
California; Usa.
Abstract:
circinnatus
Clones of the filamentous green alga Ctenocladus
Borzi were isolated from algae collected at Abert Lake
(Oregon) and Mono Lake (California). Stock cultures
were
exposed to varied salinities of natural lake water to
examine
the effects on growth rate, cell form, chlorophyll a,
and
water content. Growth rates were reduced in both clones
with
increased salinity over the range 25-100 g center dot
L-1 and
were almost completely inhibited at 150 g center dot L1.
Chlorophyll a increased between salinities of 25 and
100 g
center dot L-1, reflecting slower growth, higher
proportions
of akinetes, and smaller cell sizes as salinity
increased.
Tissue water content remained essentially constant from
25 to
100 g center dot L-1 salinity. Shorter cell dimensions
with
increased salinity suggest that a lower surface-tovolume
ratio may reduce the potential for passive loss of cell
water. Prior acclimation of stock cultures to elevated
salinity provided no enhancement of growth response at
any
salinity. The results indicate that environmental
salinity
can limit the productivity and distribution of
Ctenocladus in
nature.
38.
Author:
Affiliation:
CA
Jehl, J R Jr.
Hubbs-Sea World Res. Inst., 2595 Ingraham St., San Diego,
Source:
92109, USA.
Absence of nest density effects in a growing colony of
California gulls.
Journal of Avian Biology, v.25, n.3, (1994): 224-230.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
85518 Charadriiformes.
Title:
Supertaxa:
Birds.
Animals; Chordates; Vertebrates; Nonhuman vertebrates;
Concept Codes:
Major:
07508 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal); 16501
(Reproductive System--General; Methods)
Added keywords: Research Article; Larus Californicus; Upper Critical
Density;
Population Dynamics; California; Usa.
Abstract:
gull
Nest density has been considered to affect the success of
colonies. From 1984-1993 I studied the California Gull
Larus
californicus colony at Mono Lake, California, which has
increased 30-fold since 1916 and attained nest
densities that
are among the highest reported for the species. I found
that
the Upper Critical Density (UCD) approximated 50
nests/100
m-2, but even at 77 nests/100 ml there was no effect on
egg
size, clutch size, or fledging success. Shorter (6-8
yr)
sampling periods, however, would have indicated that
either
positive or negative effects had occurred. Gulls
evidently
disperse after the UCD is attained, because
concentrations
above the UCD did not persist into subsequent breeding
seasons. Density effects are sometimes inferred from
comparing long-term changes in population size (as an
index
to density) with various population parameters. The
role of
nest spacing, however, is best investigated by
comparing the
performance of birds nesting at different densities in
the
same year. Because productivity is influenced by
factors that
act away from as well as within a colony, studies of
nest
density provide little information on factors affecting
population changes. Apparent effects of nest density in
two
tong-term studies of Herring Gulls L. argentatus
deserve
re-evaluation.
39.
Author:
Affiliation:
Peterborough,
Title:
trout
Harris, G E; Metcalfe, T L; Metcalfe, C D; Huestis, S Y.
Environ. Resource Studies Program, Trent Univ.,
ON K9J 7B8, CAN.
Embryotoxicity of extracts from Lake Ontario rainbow
(Oncorhynchus mykiss) to Japanese medaka (Oryzias
latipes).
Source:
(1994):
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v.13, n.9,
1393-1403.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
85206 Osteichthyes.
Supertaxa:
Fish.
Animals; Chordates; Vertebrates; Nonhuman vertebrates;
Concept Codes:
Major:
07514 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Limnology);
17504
(Muscle--Physiology and Biochemistry); 22506
(Toxicology--Environmental and Industrial Toxicology);
25503
(Developmental Biology-Embryology--Pathological); 37015
(Public Health: Environmental Health--Air, Water and
Soil
Pollution);
Other:
10060 (Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: General)
Added keywords: Research Article; Oncorhynchus Mykiss; Oryzias Latipes;
Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Organochlorine Compounds;
Muscle
Extracts.
Abstract:
nonpolar
Various preparative techniques were used to extract
organic compounds from the muscle tissue of Lake
Ontario
rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this extract,
PCBs
and organochlorine compounds were detected in
nanogram-per-milliliter quantities, and polychlorinated
dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans were detected in
picogram-per-milliliter quantities. The extract and
various
subfractions of the extract were tested for
embryotoxicity in
a bioassay with embryos of Japanese medaka (Oryzias
latipes).
The whole extract was embryotoxic to medaka, as were an
extract fraction containing PCBs (fraction A) and
extract
fractions containing nonpolar organochlorine compounds
(fractions B and C). When subfractions prepared from
fraction
A were tested for embryotoxicity, a subfraction
containing
non-ortho-substituted PCB congeners was embryotoxic,
whereas
subfractions containing mono-ortho- and di-orthosubstituted
PCB congeners were relatively nontoxic. Pathological
lesions
characteristic of exposure to planar halogenated
aromatic
hydrocarbons were observed only in embryos exposed to
the
non-ortho-PCB subfraction. The non-ortho-PCB
subfraction of
fraction A was more toxic than the original fraction A,
which
indicates that nontoxic PCBs reduce the toxicity of the
non-ortho-PCBs through some unknown mechanism. This
study
indicates that organochlorine compounds and
non-ortho-substituted PCBs have the potential to be
embryotoxic to early life stages of Great Lakes fish,
but
nontoxic contaminants can modify this toxic response.
These
data are relevant to the interpretation of correlations
between embryo mortalities and concentrations of
persistent
organic contaminants in Great Lakes salmonids.
40.
Author:
Affiliation:
Berkeley, CA
Title:
Mono
Hall, L S; Morrison, M L; Block, W M.
Dep. Forestry Resource Management, Univ. Calif.,
94720, USA.
Current status of terrestrial birds on the Islands of
Source:
Lake, California.
Southwestern Naturalist, v.39, n.2, (1994): 183-187.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
85500 Aves-Unspecified.
Supertaxa:
Birds.
Animals; Chordates; Vertebrates; Nonhuman vertebrates;
Concept Codes:
Major:
07508 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal); 62518
(Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology--Aves); 62800
(Animal Distribution (1971- ))
Added keywords: Research Article; Distribution; Usa.
41.
Author:
Toft, C
Affiliation:
Title:
desert
Source:
PART
Richards, J H; Donovan, L A; Fort, K J; Schaber, E J;
A.
Univ. Calif., Davis, CA 95616-8627, USA.
Rapid establishment of shrubs on a recently exposed
playa, Mono Lake, CA.
Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, v.75, n.2
2, (1994): 193.
Pub. type:
CONFERENCE LITERATURE.
Conference:
79th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America,
Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, August 7-11, 1994.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
25795 Chenopodiaceae.
Supertaxa:
Dicots.
Plants; Vascular plants; Spermatophytes; Angiosperms;
Concept Codes:
Major:
07506 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Plant); 10011
(Biochemistry--Physiological Water Studies (1970- ));
10069
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: Minerals); 51502
(Plant
Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Water
Relations);
51510 (Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics-Growth,
Differentiation); 51512 (Plant Physiology, Biochemistry
and
Biophysics--Reproduction);
Other:
00520 (General Biology--Symposia, Transactions and
Proceedings of Conferences, Congresses, Review Annuals)
Added keywords: Meeting Abstract; Sarcobates Vermiculatus; Seed Rain;
Root
Growth; Saline; Alkalinity; Colonization.
42.
Author:
Affiliation:
Title:
toxic ion
Source:
PART
Donovan, L A; Richards, J H; Schaber, E J.
Univ. Calif., Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Soil chemistry and woody plant leaf chemistry along a
gradient at Mono Lake, CA.
Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, v.75, n.2
2, (1994): 55.
Pub. type:
CONFERENCE LITERATURE.
Conference:
79th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America,
Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, August 7-11, 1994.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
25795 Chenopodiaceae.
Supertaxa:
Dicots.
Plants; Vascular plants; Spermatophytes; Angiosperms;
Concept Codes:
Major:
07506 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Plant); 07514
(Ecology; Environmental Biology--Limnology); 10069
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: Minerals); 22506
(Toxicology--Environmental and Industrial Toxicology);
Other:
00520 (General Biology--Symposia, Transactions and
Proceedings of Conferences, Congresses, Review Annuals)
Added keywords: Meeting Abstract; Sarcobatus Vermiculatus; Dunes;
Tolerance;
California; Usa.
43.
Author:
Affiliation:
Title:
Source:
PART
Brown, J F; Elliott-Fisk, D L.
Univ. Calif., Davis, CA, USA.
Interactions of sand movement and vegetation in a dune
community at Mono Lake, CA.
Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, v.75, n.2
2, (1994): 25.
Pub. type:
CONFERENCE LITERATURE.
Conference:
79th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America,
Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, August 7-11, 1994.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
11000 Plantae-Unspecified.
Supertaxa:
Plants.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07504 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Bioclimatology
and
Biometeorology); 07506 (Ecology; Environmental
Biology--Plant); 12100 (Movement (1971- )); 52805 (Soil
Science--Physics and Chemistry (1970- ));
Other:
00520 (General Biology--Symposia, Transactions and
Proceedings of Conferences, Congresses, Review
Annuals);
10012 (Biochemistry--Gases (1970- ))
Added keywords: Meeting Abstract; Vegetation; Wind; California; Usa.
44.
Author:
Affiliation:
92717,
Title:
(Diptera:
Bradley, T J; Herbst, D B.
Dep. Ecol. Evolutionary Biol., Univ. Calif., Irvine, CA
USA.
Growth and survival of larvae of Ephydra hians Say
Source:
Ephydridae) on unialgal diets.
Environmental Entomology, v.23, n.2, (1994): 276-281.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
13000 Algae-Unspecified.
75314 Diptera.
Supertaxa:
Animals;
Microorganisms; Plants; Nonvascular plants; Algae;
Invertebrates; Arthropods; Insects.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07508 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal); 13202
(Nutrition--General Studies, Nutritional Status and
Methods);
25508 (Developmental Biology-Embryology--Morphogenesis,
General)
Added keywords: Research Article; Ephydra Hians; Insect; Algae; Brine
Fly;
Ecology; Food Source.
Abstract:
circinnatus
The algae Nitzschia latens Hustedt, Ctenocladus
Borzi, and two species of Oscillatoria were isolated
from
Mono Lake, which is near Lee Vining, CA, and used to
produce
cultures containing only one algal species (unialgal
cultures). Survival to pupation and rates of larval
growth
and development were compared among larvae of Ephydra
hians
Say, which were reared on one of these algal species or
on a
diet prepared using the fish food Tetramin. It was
found that
larvae could be reared from the second larval molt to
pupation when fed on a single species of algae. Larvae
reared
on Nitzschia showed significantly increased weight gain
and
survival compared with larvae reared on Ctenocladus.
Growth
performance was always ordered Nitzschia, Oscillatoria,
then
Ctenocladus. Larvae reared on Nitzschia or Oscillatoria
developed significantly faster than those reared on
Tetramin.
The results indicate that single species of Nitzschia
and
Oscillatoria are adequate food sources for E. hians
growth.
Although larvae of this fly appear to be generalist
algal
herbivores, food quality varies between algal species.
45.
Author:
Affiliation:
Jorgensen, N O G; Jensen, R E.
Microbiol. Sec., Dep. Ecol. Mol. Biol., Royal Vet. Agric.
Source:
Univ., Rolighedsvej 21, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, DEN.
Microbial fluxes of free monosaccharides and total
carbohydrates in freshwater determined by PAD-HPLC.
FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v.14, n.1, (1994): 79-94.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
05000 Bacteria-General Unspecified (1992- )
Supertaxa:
Microorganisms; Bacteria; Eubacteria.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07514 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Limnology);
Title:
10058
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Methods: Carbohydrates);
10504
(Biophysics--General Biophysical Techniques); 13004
(Metabolism--Carbohydrates); 30000 (Bacteriology,
General and
Systematic); 31000 (Physiology and Biochemistry of
Bacteria);
Other:
10068 (Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies:
Carbohydrates);
32000 (Microbiological Apparatus, Methods and Media)
Added keywords: Research Article; Bacteria; Galactose; Glucose; Fructose;
Mannose; Xylose; Melibiose; Arabinose; Cellobiose;
Pulsed
Amperometric Detection High Performance Liquid
Chromatography; Analytical Method.
Abstract:
method for
A new sensitive pulsed amperometric detection (PAD)
measurements of mono- and disaccharides in nM
concentrations
was used in combination with high performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC) to study fluxes of dissolved free
and
combined carbohydrates (DFCHO and DCCHO) in lake water.
In a
diet study concentrations of individual free
saccharides
typically were 5-50 nM, while total DFCHO
concentrations
ranged from 67 to 224 nM. No diet trends in
concentration
changes were obvious. At in situ light-dark conditions,
dominant DFCHO were galactose, glucose, fructose and
mannose/xylose. In addition to these saccharides, an
increased abundance of melibiose and arabinose was
measured
in a parallel dark incubation. In a 118 h laboratory
incubation of 1.0 mu-m filtered lake water,
concentrations of
DFCHO decreased from 194 nM (at 12 h) to a minimum of
54 nM
(at 73 h). Dominant DFCHO were glucose, fructose and
cellobiose. During the incubation DCCHO varied from
1.27 to
2.20 mu-M. Glucose, galactose and cellobiose made up
40, 30
and 10 mol-%, respectively, of the DCCHO. Fructose was
degraded during hydrolysis of the DCCHO. A decline of
DCCHO
at 55 h was reflected in a simultaneous increase of
DFCHO,
but otherwise no similarities between the two
saccharide
pools were found. Increased DCCHO concentrations and a
high
assimilation of glucose and fructose that was not
reflected
in a decline of their concentrations, both indicate
that
carbohydrates were produced during the experiment.
Polysaccharides were probably excreted by the bacteria.
Net
assimilation of glucose and fructose sustained 14-19%
(diet
study) and 32% (long-term study) of the net bacterial
carbon
requirement.
46.
Author:
Affiliation:
CA
Title:
of the
Shimizu, M; Bradley, T J.
Dep. Ecology Evolutioanry Biology, Univ. Calif., Irvine,
92717, USA.
Concentrated excretion of sulfate by the anterior colon
Source:
brine fly, Ephydra hians.
Physiological Zoology, v.67, n.1, (1994): 54-67.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
75314 Diptera.
Supertaxa:
Animals; Invertebrates; Arthropods; Insects.
Concept Codes:
Major:
10011 (Biochemistry--Physiological Water Studies (1970-
));
13002 (Metabolism--General Metabolism; Metabolic
Pathways);
14004 (Digestive System--Physiology and Biochemistry);
15002
(Blood, Blood-Forming Organs and Body Fluids--Blood and
Lymph
Studies); 25508 (Developmental
Biology-Embryology--Morphogenesis, General); 64076
(Invertebrata, Comparative and Experimental Morphology,
Physiology and Pathology--Insecta-Physiology);
Other:
10060 (Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: General)
Added keywords: Research Article; Ephydra Hians; Larvae; Osmoregulation;
Hemolymph.
Abstract:
The larvae of Ephydra hians in saline Mono Lake drink the
hyperosmotic medium to gain water lost by osmosis. The
larvae
take most of the sulfate ions ingested into the
hemolymph at
the midgut. The Malpighian tubules and rectum do not
contribute significantly to sulfate transport in this
insect.
The colon, particularly the anterior half shows sulfate
transport capacities exceeding those required to remove
the
sulfate from the hemolymph. The process of sulfate
excretion
in the colon is considered to be active because (1) a
large
concentration gradient for sulfate is established
across the
epithelium of the colon (i.e., the sulfate
concentration is
higher in the lumen), (2) the transepithelial
electrical
potential opposes sulfate excretion, with the lumen
approximately -6 mV relative to the bath, and (3) there
is a
high dependency for oxygen in the transporting tissue.
The
results of anoxic and cyanide experiments suggest that
the
colon epithelium does not have a high passive
permeability to
sulfate ions. It is clear, therefore, that the very
impressive capacities of these larvae to osmoregulate
in
water containing more than 150 mM sulfate reside in
their
ability to move sulfate from the midgut into hemolymph
and
then to rapidly, remove this sulfate from the
hemolymph. The
removal of sulfate involves an active and highly
concentrative sulfate-pumping mechanism located in the
anterior half of the colon.
47.
Author:
Affiliation:
Title:
eared
Ellis, H I.
Univ. San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Use of energy budget to test summer food requirements of
Source:
grebes at Mono Lake, California.
American Zoologist, v.33, n.5, (1993): 143A.
Pub. type:
CONFERENCE LITERATURE.
Conference:
Annual Meeting of the American Society of Zoologists, Los
Angeles, California, USA, December 26-30, 1993.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
Supertaxa:
Chordates;
75102 Branchiopoda.
85554 Podicipediformes.
Animals; Invertebrates; Arthropods; Crustaceans;
Vertebrates; Nonhuman vertebrates; Birds.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07504 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Bioclimatology
and
Biometeorology); 07508 (Ecology; Environmental
Biology--Animal); 13003 (Metabolism--Energy and
Respiratory
Metabolism); 13202 (Nutrition--General Studies,
Nutritional
Status and Methods); 13214 (Nutrition--General Dietary
Studies); 64054 (Invertebrata, Comparative and
Experimental
Morphology, Physiology and Pathology--ArthropodaCrustacea);
Other:
00520 (General Biology--Symposia, Transactions and
Proceedings of Conferences, Congresses, Review
Annuals);
07200 (Circadian Rhythms and Other Periodic Cycles)
Added keywords: Meeting Abstract; Podiceps Nigricollis; Brine Shrimp;
Usa.
48.
Author:
Affiliation:
Shimizu, M; Bradley, T J.
Univ. Calif., Irvine, CA, USA.
Title:
Source:
Acid-base balance in Ephydra hians.
American Zoologist, v.33, n.5, (1993): 42A.
Pub. type:
CONFERENCE LITERATURE.
Conference:
Annual Meeting of the American Society of Zoologists, Los
Angeles, California, USA, December 26-30, 1993.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
75314 Diptera.
Supertaxa:
Animals; Invertebrates; Arthropods; Insects.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07508 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal); 10069
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: Minerals); 13010
(Metabolism--Minerals); 14004 (Digestive System--
Physiology
and Biochemistry); 15002 (Blood, Blood-Forming Organs
and
Body Fluids--Blood and Lymph Studies); 15504 (Urinary
System
and External Secretions--Physiology and Biochemistry);
25502
(Developmental Biology-Embryology--General and
Descriptive);
64076 (Invertebrata, Comparative and Experimental
Morphology,
Physiology and Pathology--Insecta-Physiology);
Other:
00520 (General Biology--Symposia, Transactions and
Proceedings of Conferences, Congresses, Review
Annuals);
07514 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Limnology)
Added keywords: Meeting Abstract; Meeting Poster; Ephydra Hians;
Osmoregulation; Salinity; Malpighian Tubules; Hind Gut;
Hemolymph; Mono Lake; California; Usa.
49.
Author:
Affiliation:
Univ.,
Title:
Lake,
Wiens, J; Patten, D T; Botkin, D B.
Dep. Biol. Graduate Degree Program Ecology, Colo. State
Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Assessing ecological impact assessment: Lessons from Mono
Source:
California.
Ecological Applications, v.3, n.4, (1993): 595-609.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
75102
75314
85518
85554
Branchiopoda.
Diptera.
Charadriiformes.
Podicipediformes.
Supertaxa:
Animals; Invertebrates; Arthropods; Crustaceans; Insects;
Chordates; Vertebrates; Nonhuman vertebrates; Birds.
Concept Codes:
Major:
00512 (General Biology--Conservation, Resource
Management);
07508 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal); 07514
(Ecology; Environmental Biology--Limnology); 10069
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: Minerals)
Added keywords: Research Article; Brine Fly; Brine Shrimp; Grebe; Gull;
Phalarope; Salinity Effect; Usa.
Abstract:
in
Because of its high salinity and alkalinity, Mono Lake,
eastern California (USA), is a relatively simple
ecosystem.
It has become the focus of an environmental controversy
over
the effects of 50 yr of diversions of water from
tributary
streams to supply water to Los Angeles. Diversions
lowered
the lake level, increased the salinity, changed the
availability of aquatic habitats, and altered the
configuration of the shoreline and of islands that
support
breeding colonies of gulls. We consider (1) how two
independent panels of experts synthesized scientific
information on the lake ecosystem to assess the
environmental
consequences of these changes, and (2) how the findings
of
these groups influenced policy decisions and how well
subsequent changes in the lake matched expectations.
Despite
differences in composition and approach, the two panels
reached generally similar conclusions. These
conclusions have
been a major component of legal activities and the
development of management plans for the lake and basin
ecosystem. Both panels concluded that, because of the
simplicity of the lake ecosystem, ecological
consequences of
changes in lake level and salinity associated with
continuing
diversions were likely to be unusually clear-cut. At
certain
lake levels these changes would be expected to alter
algal
and invertebrate populations and the populations of
aquatic
birds that feed upon them or to disrupt breeding
activities
in gull colonies. Projections about when critical lake
levels
might be reached, however, have not been met. This is
largely
because stream flows into the lake have been altered
from
recent historic patterns by the cessation of water
diversions
due to governmental and legal actions (prompted in part
by
the panels' findings) and by a prolonged drought. These
events illustrate the difficulty of projecting a
timetable
for environmental changes, even in simple and wellstudied
ecosystems.
50.
Author:
Affiliation:
SA
Williams, W D.
Dep. Zool., University Adelaide, GPO Box 498, Adelaide,
Title:
Source:
5001, AUL.
Conservation of salt lakes.
Hydrobiologia, v.267, n.1-3, (1993): 291-306.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Concept Codes:
Major:
00512 (General Biology--Conservation, Resource
Management);
07514 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Limnology)
Added keywords: Journal Article; Limnology; California; Usa; Central
Asia;
Cyprus.
Abstract:
Salt lakes have a variety of important uses and values,
including especially both economic and scientific ones.
These
uses and values have been and are increasingly subject
to
degradation from a variety of impacts: diversion of
inflows,
pollution, agricultural practices, and introduction of
exotic
species are among the more important. Recognition of
these
impacts upon salt lakes has led to some international
and
national measures for their conservation, but
considerably
more effort in this direction is needed. Against this
background, Mono Lake, California, USA, and the Aral
Sea,
central Asia, are discussed as two localities which
bring
into sharp focus the various matters discussed in the
paper.
Finally, attention is drawn to the need to conserve the
Akrotiri Salt Lake, Cyprus.
51.
Author:
Affiliation:
Star
Herbst, D B; Bradley, T J.
Sierra Nevada Aquatic Res. Lab., University California,
Source:
Route 1, Box 198, Mammoth Lakes, CA 93546, USA.
A population model for the alkali fly at Mono Lake: Depth
distribution and changing habitat availability.
Hydrobiologia, v.267, n.1-3, (1993): 191-201.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
75314 Diptera.
Supertaxa:
Animals; Invertebrates; Arthropods; Insects.
Concept Codes:
Major:
00512 (General Biology--Conservation, Resource
Title:
Management);
04500 (Mathematical Biology and Statistical Methods);
07508
(Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal); 07514
(Ecology;
Environmental Biology--Limnology); 10069
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: Minerals); 10515
(Biophysics--Biocybernetics (1972- )); 64076
(Invertebrata,
Comparative and Experimental Morphology, Physiology and
Pathology--Insecta-Physiology)
Added keywords: Research Article; Ephydra Hians; Mathematical Model;
Tufa;
Limnology; Habitat Conservation; California; Usa.
Abstract:
measured in
The densities of alkali fly larvae and pupae were
relation to depth and substrate type at six locations
around
Mono Lake. Samples representing a mixture of different
bottom
features were taken to a depth of 10 m (33 ft) using
SCUBA.
This is at or near the depth limit of fly larvae and
pupae.
The biomass of larvae and pupae on hard substrate were
maximum and approximately equal at depths of 0.5 m and
1 m,
substantially lower at intermediate depths of 3 m and 5
m,
and over an order of magnitude further reduced at 10 m.
Densities of flies on hard or rocky substrates (mainly
calcareous tufa deposits), were significantly greater
than
those found on soft substrates such as mud or sand, at
all
but the greatest depth surveyed. Bathymetric maps of
the
areas of hard and soft substrate occurring at different
lake
depths were used to estimate the fly population size
over the
whole lake, based on the density distribution of larvae
and
pupae with depth on different substrates. The mapped
areas of
soft and hard substrates were also calculated for
different
lake levels, and applying the same procedure, a
population
model comparing the abundance of flies at different
lake
levels was developed. This habitat-based population
model
predicts that the abundance of the alkali fly is
maximized at
6380 ft (1945 m) lake surface elevation. Most of the
tufa
substrate submerged at this lake level will become
exposed
and unavailable as habitat as the lake declines to 6370
ft
(1942 m). In late 1991, the lake level was just over
6374 ft
(1943 + m).
52.
Author:
Munster, B;
Affiliation:
Beurskens, J E M; Mol, G A J; Barreveld, H L; Van
Winkels, H J.
Inst. Inland Water Management, Waste Water Treatment,
P.O. Box
Title:
Area of
Source:
(1993):
17, 8200 Aa Lelystad, Neth.
Geochronology of Priority Pollutants in A Sedimentation
the Rhine River.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v.12, n.9,
1549-1566.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07514 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Limnology);
22506
(Toxicology--Environmental and Industrial Toxicology);
37015
(Public Health: Environmental Health--Air, Water and
Soil
Pollution);
Other:
10050 (Biochemistry--Biochemical Methods--General);
10059
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Methods: Minerals)
Added keywords: Nickel Lead Arsenic Cadmium Polychlorinated Biphenyls 2 3
7 8
Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin Polychlorinated
Dibenzofurans
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Netherlands.
Abstract:
Eight sediment cores were taken from Lake Ketelmeer, a
sedimentation area of the Rhine River, located in the
central
part of The Netherlands. Priority pollutants (eight
metals,
six planar and mono-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls,
seven
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, 10 polychlorinated
dibenzofurans, and eight polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons)
were determined in all or in a selected number of
cores.
Present-day and historical levels of pollutants since
the
late 1930s were established through the use of
radionuclide
time tracers (137Cs, 134Cs) and area-specific
geological time
markers. Postdepositional redistribution of pollutants
and
possible transformations were evaluated by analyzing
sediment
top-layer samples that were taken in 1972.
Disappearance in
the anaerobic sediment was observed for several
chlorinated
biphenyls, dioxins, and furans, Disappearance of the
chlorinated compounds may be caused by microbial
dechlorination reactions in the anaerobic lake
sediment. For
the persistent metals and polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons,
as well as for the somewhat changed concentrations of
chlorinated aromatics, trends in the concentration
profiles
during the last five decades are described. Rather low
concentrations of almost all studied chlorinated
compounds
were observed in the early 1940s. These low levels were
in
contrast to the metal and PAH concentrations, which
were
already high in the late 1930s and were lowered during
the
second world war. For all studied compounds, maximum
concentrations were found between 1955 and 1975.
Cadmium and
nickel levels remained high until 1980. The highly
toxic
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin reached
concentrations up
to 400 ng/kg in the mid-1960s. Recently deposited
sediments
showed lower pollutant levels. The levels of lead,
arsenic,
and all studied PAHs were the lowest observed in the
past
five decades.
53.
Author:
Affiliation:
1, Box
Title:
Meromixis in
Jellison, R; Melack, J M.
Sierra Nevada Aquatic Res. Lab., Univ. Calif., Star Rt.
198, Mammoth Lakes, Ca 93546, Usa.
Algal Photosynthetic Activity and Its Response To
Source:
Hypersaline Mono Lake California.
Limnology and Oceanography, v.38, n.4, (1993): 818-837.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
13000 Algae-Unspecified.
Supertaxa:
Microorganisms; Plants; Nonvascular plants; Algae.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07506 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Plant); 07514
(Ecology; Environmental Biology--Limnology); 10065
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: Porphyrins and Bile
Pigments); 13003 (Metabolism--Energy and Respiratory
Metabolism); 51506 (Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and
Biophysics--Photosynthesis); 64054 (Invertebrata,
Comparative
and Experimental Morphology, Physiology and
Pathology--Arthropoda-Crustacea);
Other:
12100 (Movement (1971- )); 15504 (Urinary System and
External
Secretions--Physiology and Biochemistry)
Added keywords: Artemia-Monica Ammonium Chlorophyll A Nitrogen Excretion
Biomass Usa.
Abstract:
Lake
Photosynthetic activity was measured in hypersaline Mono
during an 8-yr period (1983-1990) spanning the onset
(1983),
persistence (1984-1987), and breakdown of meromixis
(1988).
Algal biomass in spring and autumn decreased following
the
onset of meromixis and annual photosynthetic production
was
reduced (269-462 g C m-2 yr-1; 1984-1986) compared to
nonmeromictic conditions (499-641 g C m-2 yr-1; 1989
and
1990). A gradual increase in photosynthetic production
occurred even before meromixis ended because of
increased
vertical flux of ammonium due to deeper mixing and the
buildup of ammonium in the monimolimnion. Annual
production
was greatest in 1988 (1,064 g C m-2 yr-1) when large
fluxes
of ammonium into the euphotic zone. Most of the
variation in
rates of light-saturated carbon uptake normalized to
chlorophyll a (assimilation numbers) was explained by a
regression on temperature (60%); measures of the light
and
nutrient
observed
vertical
nitrogen
environment accounted for a further 8% of the
variation. Estimates of ammonium supply due to
mixing and Artemia monica excretion indicate
is most likely to limit photosynthetic
production
during spring and late autumn when A. monica is absent
and
algal biomass high. Light is also likely to limit
production
during these periods based on comparisons of the
average
mixed-layer irradiance to the light intensity at which
maximum photosynthetic rates were reached. Light
limitation
was more pronounced under monomictic conditions when
algal
biomass was higher.
54.
Author:
Affiliation:
Usa.
Title:
Stotts, R R; Namikoshi, M; Haschek, W M; Rinehart, K L;
Carmichael, W W; Dahlem, A M; Beasley, V R.
Dep. Vet. Biosciences, Univ. Illinois, Urbana, Il 61801,
Source:
Structural Modifications Imparting Reduced Toxicity in
Microcystins from Microcystis-Spp.
Toxicon, v.31, n.6, (1993): 783-789.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
Supertaxa:
Animals;
09210 Chroococcales (1992- )
86375 Muridae.
Microorganisms; Bacteria; Eubacteria; Cyanobacteria;
Chordates; Vertebrates; Nonhuman vertebrates; Mammals;
Nonhuman mammals; Rodents.
Concept Codes:
Major:
14006 (Digestive System--Pathology); 22501
(Toxicology--General; Methods and Experimental);
Other:
10060 (Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: General);
10506
(Biophysics--Molecular Properties and Macromolecules)
Added keywords: Microcystis-Aeruginosa Microcystis-Viridis
Microcystis-Wesenbergii Cyanobacteria Blue-Green Alga
Mouse
Hepatotoxicity Homer Lake Illinois Usa.
Abstract:
A cyanobacterial (blue-green algal) bloom containing
Microcystis aeruginosa (dominant), M. viridis, and M.
wesenbergii, was collected from Homer Lake (Illinois,
U.S.A.)
in the summer of 1988 and microcystins were isolated.
One
microcystin of substantially reduced toxicity was
isolated,
together with ten hepatotoxic microcystins. The
compound with
reduced toxicity was nonlethal at 1 mg/kg (i.p. mouse)
and
was determined to have a (C3H7O2) mono-ester of the
.alpha.-carboxyl on the Glu unit of microcystin-LR. The
other
nine microcystins apart from MCLR had approximately
LD50S
ranging from 97 .mu.g/kg to 750 .mu.g kg.
55.
Author:
Affiliation:
Cook
Title:
Source:
530-538.
Alder, A C; Haeggblom, M M; Oppenhelmer, S R; Young, L Y.
Cent. Agric. Mol. Biol., Rutgers Univ., P.O. Box 231,
Coll., New Brunswick, Nj 08903, Usa.
Reductive Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in
Anaerobic Sediments.
Environmental Science & Technology, v.27, n.3, (1993):
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Concept Codes:
Major:
07510 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Oceanography and
Limnology); 22506 (Toxicology--Environmental and
Industrial
Toxicology); 37015 (Public Health: Environmental
Health--Air,
Water and Soil Pollution); 52803 (Soil Science-Genesis,
Morphology, Classification, Geology);
Other:
07512 (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Oceanography);
07514
(Ecology; Environmental Biology--Limnology); 10060
(Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: General)
Added keywords: Waste Management Water Pollution Control Environmental
Fate.
Abstract:
To better understand the conditions which control PCB
dechlorination in anaerobic sediments we examined the
microbial activity in two freshwater sediments, Hudson
River
[New York] and Silver Lake [Massachussetts, USA], and
one
estuarine sediment, New Bedford Harbor. Two different
reducing conditions were established, methanogenic and
sulfidogenic; in addition, the effect of added organic
substrates and the differences in the fate of
preexisting and
freshly added PCBs (100-400 ppm Aroclor 1242 or 1260)
were
examined. The most rapid dechlorination occurred in the
methanogenic cultures established with Hudson River
sediment
to which Aroclor 1242 was added and supplemented with a
fatty
acid mixtures. Meta and para chlorines were
preferentially
removed, resulting in accumulation of ortho-substituted
mono-, di-, and trichlorobiphenyls. In cultures
established
with New Bedford Harbor sediment, dechlorination was
slower
and not as extensive, with di- tri-, and
tetrachlorobiphenyls
accumulating. Dechlorination was observed with spiked
Aroclor
1242 and with preexisting PCBs alone. In Silver Lake
sediment
cultures spiked with Aroclor 1260, dechlorination with
accumulation of tri- and tetrachlorobiphenyls was
observed.
Dechlorination was slower than that for the Hudson
River
cultures. Both the Hudson River and Silver Lake
cultures
showed no additional dechlorination for the preexisting
PCBs.
The addition of fatty acids did not enhance activity in
the
New Bedford Harbor or Silver Lake cultures. No
activities
were detected under sulfate-reducing conditions with
any of
the sediments.
56.
Author:
Affiliation:
Title:
Herbst.
Source:
Mclaughlin, R B.
211 Sereno Dr., Santa Fe, Nm 87501, Usa.
Diatom Microscopy Nitzschia-Monoensis Kociolek and
Microscope, v.41, n.1, (1993): 32-34.
Pub. type:
JOURNAL ARTICLE.
Language:
English.
Biosystematic
Codes:
13500 Chrysophyta.
Supertaxa:
Microorganisms; Plants; Nonvascular plants; Algae.
Concept Codes:
Major:
01054 (Microscopy Techniques--Cytology and
Cytochemistry);
01058 (Microscopy Techniques--Electron Microscopy);
07514
(Ecology; Environmental Biology--Limnology); 50504
(Botany,
General and Systematic--Algae); 51000 (Morphology,
Anatomy
and Embryology of Plants)
Added keywords: Scanning Electron Microscopy Mono Lake California Usa.