Name __________________________
CP Chemistry 2014-15
Date_______________________
Directions: Use the word bank to fill in the blanks below. You may write the answer to the corresponding
number on a separate sheet of paper if you are unable to print it.
Basics of Bonding and Covalent Bonding
Word Bank:
Single covalent
Gain(s)
double covalent
Share(s)
Xenon
triple covalent
Lose(s) Octet
shared
transferred
Duet
Carbon
Cation
four
Hydrogen
Anion
eight
Helium
Stable
attract
Neon
repel
Bonding Basics:
Why do atoms form bonds?
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Atoms are more 1. _____________ when they have the same number of valance electrons as the Noble
Gases (Group 18).
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In most cases, this would be 2. ____ electrons, so this is called the 3. _______ rule. There are two
exceptions to this rule, the elements 4. ______ and 5. ________ which follow the duet rule.
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Examples:
Chlorine ( gains / loses ) one electron to be like the element 6. _________ .
Sodium would 7. _____________ electron(s) to be like 8. __________.
Carbon would share 9. _______________electron(s) to be like 10. ____________.
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Atoms will 11.____________, 12._____________, or 13. __________________electrons to have the
same number of valence electrons as the Noble Gases.
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Atoms typically will only move or transfer three or fewer electrons (there are exceptions): if there are
four, often the atom will share.
Ionic Bonds vs. Covalent Bonds
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In an ionic bond, electrons are 14.________________ between atoms (Cation and Anion)
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Ionic bonds a metal 15._______________ and a nonmetal 16.______________.
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The oppositely charged ions will 17. ( attract / repel ) each other-this strong electrostatic attraction is
an ionic bond.
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In a covalent bond, electrons are 18. _______________ between two non metals. The electrons are
positioned between the two nuclei so that they are attracted to both nuclei.
The Octet Rule and Covalent Bonding
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The stable Octet includes electrons that the atom already had, plus the shared electrons.
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The smaller atoms such as hydrogen, only end up with two electrons
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There are exceptions to the Octet rule:
Phosphorous can have an expanded octet with 10 electrons.
Boron usually has an incomplete octet; it will accept 6 electrons and never 8.
Bonding Basics and Lewis Structures
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If two electrons (one pair) are shared between two atoms, a 19. ____________ bond has formed.
H2, Cl2, HCl, H2O
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The electrons used to form a bond are called a(n) 20. ( shared / unshared ) pair.
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Electrons not involved in a bond are called a(n) 21. ( shared / unshared ) pair or a lone pair. These
electrons must be accounted for as they have a huge influence on the shape of a molecule as you will see
shortly.
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If four electrons (two pairs) are shared between two atoms, a 22. _________________ bond has formed.
O2, C2H4
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If six electrons are shared between two atoms, a 23. _________________ bond has formed.
N2, C2H2