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Chapter 1 Study Guide
1.
How are the layers of an apple DIFFERENT from the layers of Earth? The core of the apple is not a dense ball.
2.
Which would be the BEST way to explain the rock cycle to a classmate? Draw the rock cycle.
3.
Which is a scientist who studies rocks and minerals? Geologist
4.
Which item would NOT help you to observe the properties of minerals? Thermometer
5.
Which is true about a diamond? It is the hardest mineral.
6.
Which causes sedimentary rock to change into metamorphic rock? Heat and pressure
7.
Molten rock becomes igneous rock when molten rock cools and hardens.
8.
Which property can be used to tell if a mineral is metallic or nonmetallic? Luster
Refer to the Mohs Hardness Scale in your workbook on page 6 to answer questions 9 and 10
9.
Which mineral can be scratched by fluorite? Gypsum
10. A steel nail has a hardness of 6.5. Which mineral can be scratched by a steel nail? Feldspar
11. Why should a student wear goggles when testing a mineral’s properties? To protect his/her eyes
12. A solid material made up of one or more minerals is a rock.
13. Which is NOT a property you can use to identify an unknown mineral? Size, shape, temperature, taste
14. During a science lab, our class tested the properties of a mineral and recorded our observations in a chart. Some of John’s
observations did not match the rest of the class. What should John do?
Keep his observations the way he recorded them
Use the table below to answer question 15.
Change in Rock
Shale becomes slate
Sandstone becomes quartzite
Schist becomes gneiss
Temperature
300 degrees C
370 degrees C
600 degrees C
15. What is the difference in the temperature at which quartzite and gneiss form?
230 degrees
Use the table below to answer questions 16 and 17.
Color
Cleavage
Colorless, white
Yes
Colorless, beige, pink
Colorless, white, rose
White
Yes
No
Yes
Other
Bubbles when acid
placed on it
Hardness close to glass
Glassy, chips like glass
Usually flaky
Name
Calcite
Feldspar
Quartz
Talc
16. Which mineral is white and chips like glass? Quartz
17. An unknown mineral sample is colorless and has cleavage. Which test could you perform to find out whether the mineral is
calcite or feldspar? Place acid on it
18. The color of a mineral when it is ground into a powder is called its streak.
19. Which is a mineral? Silver
20. If a mineral splits easily along flat surfaces, it is said to have cleavage.