Science 10 – Unit C - BIOLOGY
Chapter 3 - Plants
C3.1 - Cells, Tissues and Systems

Cells, Tissues, and Systems
o In all living systems, co-operation ensures that needs are met, that all cells:





Unicellularity vs Multicellularity
Unicellular Organisms
o All life processes occur
o
volume ratio
Multicellular Organisms
o Contain specialized cells that
surface area to

o
o
tissues, organs, organ systems
surface area to
volume ratio
o

Plant Organization
o Like animals, plants have an organization
 Cells  Tissues - group of specialized cells
 Organs - tissues
 Organ System - group of
o Practice problems:
 Put these terms in order from smallest (most specific) to largest (least specific)
 lungs, bronchiole, mitochondria, respiratory system, lung cells
 leaf cell, chloroplasts, palisade tissue, shoot system, leaf
 in each example above,
 what is the organ?
 what is the organ system?
 what is the tissue?

Plant Organ Systems
o Plants have two organ systems
 The shoot system:
 includes
 also includes
 contains photosynthetic organs that
 The root system:

 also includes aerial roots
 absorbs
o Practice problem:
 Put the letter S next to any part of the
plant that is part of the shoot system,
and R for the root system

Plant Growth
o Plant cells divide for new growth and to
o mitosis: process of cell division where
 unlike in animal cells, mitosis in plants requires growing
 cell division occurs in growth areas called
 when new cells are produced in the meristems, they have the
potential to

Plant Structure
o Plants contain materials which give them strength and support
 cellulose gives plant cell walls structure
 lignin is another supportive material found in plants
 newsprint made from trees with a high lignin content, and it is the
lignin that it is responsible for
 high quality, bright white paper has

Plant Tissue
o Dermal tissue (epidermis)
 found on the outside of herbaceous plants (non-woody)

 produces a cuticle:
 involved with matter and gas exchange
o Ground tissue
 layer
 responsible for photosynthesis and food & water storage
 makes up most of the body of the plant
 some cells are tightly organized
 some cells are loosely packed to allow for
o Vascular tissue
 responsible for the transportation of materials
 Xylem: moves

Phloem: distributes
 vascular bundles are

Vascular Tissue
o Xylem tissue: moves water and dissolved minerals
 movement
 transports
for photosynthesis
 made of long individual cells which grow holes at
each end and fuse like a long straw
 xylem cells die, but
o Phloem tissue: moves dissolved sugars (food)
 formed with long individual
 perforated ends and sides to allow transfer of
nutrients by osmosis
 companion cells located in the phloem tissue use ATP to move and transport nutrients
 from
 to

Specialization in Plant Cells
o Specialized cells make products that are
 Example 1:
 cells in the root system are responsible for absorbing water and minerals
 these cells grow tiny hairs called root hairs to maximize surface area.
 Example 2:
 dermal cells produce a cuticle to protect the plant from
 Example 3:
 guard cells form tiny pores called stomata on the underside of plant leaves
 formed from the plant’s
 stomata are involved in

Homework - Read p.296 – 302,
o complete diagram
o complete Section C3.1 in green
workbook
Transport in Plants
Identify the structures that make up the
shoot and root systems, and the processes
occurring in each structure that are
responsible for transport in the plant.
Science 10 – Unit C - BIOLOGY
Chapter 3 - Plants

C3.2 - The leaf and photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
o The leaf is a collection of tissues working together to carry out
 “Photo” = light, “synthesis” = putting together
 “photosynthesis” =
o The purpose of photosynthesis is
 Water + Carbon Dioxide ----------- Glucose + Oxygen
chlorophyll + light
6 H2O(l) + 6 CO2(g) -------------------> C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(g)
chlorophyll + light

Chloroplast
o Plant cells have organelles called
, which
contain
o cells containing chloroplasts are found in the ground tissue
o light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and turned into chemical
energy (food for the plant)
o Accessory Pigments
 Chlorophyll is not the only pigment to capture light energy
 Accessory pigments help protect the plant and
 when temperatures get colder in the fall,

Gas exchange in plants
o Two main reactions that take place in plants and
produce gases as products
 Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts
 Occurs
 Produces
 Cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm
and mitochondria

(as long as products from
photosynthesis are available)
 Glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy
 C6H12O6 + 6O2
 CO2 + H2O + energy
o Photorespiration
 the two processes together

o Observing photosynthesis
 What is an easy way to measure photosynthesis?
 Watch for a product of photosynthesis – OXYGEN

Homework: read p.303 – 308
o complete section C3.2 in the green workbook