Datum vypracování: 2005-06-30

R00077-Trendy v NT 6

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“Trendy v nanotechnologiích-část 6.”

Datum vypracování: 2005-06-30

Požadavky:

Trendy v nanotechnologiích - web servis. Průběžně doplňováno. Další záznamy jsou v rešerši R00078.

Zadavatel rešerše:

PhDr. Adam Kretschmer, ředitel UKN TU Liberec

Řešitel rešerše:

Ing. Milan Stodola, Univerzitní knihovna, rešeršní oddělení, TU Liberec

Klíčová slova:

“Nanotechnologie”.

“Nanotechnotogy”.

“Nanomaterials”.

Web-servis:

1) * Nanotechnology news in brief *

See http://nanotechweb.org/articles/news/3/10/21

2) * Polymer nanofibres bond together in a flash *

Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles have discovered that a camera flash caused polyaniline nanofibres to join together. The "flash welding" technique could have applications in making asymmetric nanofibre films, creating polymer-polymer nanocomposites and photo-patterning polymer nanofibre films.


3) * Researchers watch water inside nanotubes *

Researchers from Drexel University, US, the University of Illinois at Chicago, US, and the

Tokyo Institute of Technology in Japan have filled closed multiwalled carbon nanotubes between just 2 and 5 nm in diameter with water. The team says its work is of fundamental importance for understanding liquid behaviour at the nanoscale.


4) * Nanomechanical memories take off *

Physicists in the US have made the first high-speed nanomechanical memory element from single-crystal silicon wafers. The device, developed by Pritiraj Mohanty and colleagues at

Boston University, consists of a vibrating beam that can be made to switch between two distinct states. The team says its memory element could rival the current state-of-the-art in electronic data storage and processing.


5) Silicon nanocrystals made easy *

Engineers at the University of Minnesota in the US have developed a new technique for making silicon nanoparticles in plasmas at room temperature. The method overcomes problems encountered with existing plasma-based approaches and can produce crystalline nanoparticles with a uniform size. The team says that the crystals could be used to make novel electronic devices, such as single-nanoparticle transistors.


6) Fluorescent nanoparticles shed light on plant proteins *

Researchers at the University of California, Riverside, US, have employed fluorescent semiconducting nanoparticles - or quantum dots - to label plant proteins. This is the first use of quantum dots for live imaging in plant systems; previously they have been applied to live mammalian cell cultures.


7) Nanocrystal-polymer composites detect infrared wavelengths *

Researchers at the University of Toronto in Canada believe they have made the world's first solution-processed photovoltaic devices that respond to infrared. The cells could boost the efficiency of converting the sun's rays into electrical energy.


8) Nanoneedle gets into cells *

Scientists at the Research Institute for Cell Engineering at Japan's National Institute of

Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology have used nanoneedles attached to an atomic force microscope (AFM) to penetrate the nucleus of living cells.


9) Making microscopes go faster *

Scientists in the US and Israel have demonstrated an atomic force microscope that can take images of periodic processes with a time resolution of microseconds. This is an order of magnitude faster than is possible with conventional "rapid-scan".


10) TIM HARPER 2005: Nanotechnology starts here *

See http://nanotechweb.org/articles/column/4/1/1/1

11) * Looking at electrons without touching *

Physicists in Canada have developed a new way to investigate single-electron effects in quantum structures without the need to attach leads to the system being studied. The method, dubbed electrostatic force spectroscopy, relies on an atomic force microscope and has a spatial resolution of 50 nanometres.

See http://nanotechweb.org/articles/news/4/1/14?alert=1

12) * Nanotechnology in brief *


13) * Scientists transform semiconducting nanoparticles into aerogels *

Scientists at Wayne State University, US, have assembled metal chalcogenide nanoparticles

into an aerogel. The semiconducting materials had the same optical properties as their nanoparticle constituents.


14) * Proteins glue semiconductor nanowires together *

Researchers at the University of Michigan and Oklahoma State University, US, have used biological molecules to control the assembly of nanowire structures. The technique could one day have applications in making nanoscale electronic circuits.


15) * Nanoscale pattern feels the strain *

Researchers at the University of South Carolina, US, have created nanoscale gold networks on polymer surfaces in order to measure mechanical strain in the polymers at the sub-micron scale. They made the patterns with a porous alumina stamp coated with gold.


16) * Polymer templates direct nanoparticle deposition *

Researchers at the University of Massachusetts, US, have used electrophoretic deposition to position cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoparticles at specific locations on a polymer template.

The technique could ultimately be useful in creating nanodevices.


17) * Nanocatalysts charge into action *

Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology, US, and Technical University of Munich,

Germany, have found that gold nanoclusters on a ceramic surface gain an electrical charge while they act as a catalyst for the low-temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide. The discovery could aid the development of other nanocatalytic systems.


18) * Nanoparticle toxicity under the microscope *

The effect of nanomaterials on the body has become a hot topic in recent months. Most cytotoxicity studies to date have looked at the effect of nanoparticle uptake by the lungs. Now researchers at Ludwig Maximilians University and Nanion Technologies, both in Germany, have come up with an assay that quantifies the toxicity to cells of colloidal nanoparticles in aqueous solution.


19) * 'End states' on chains of atoms come into view *

Physicists in the US have observed "end states" on chains of atoms for the first time. The discovery should improve our understanding of the electronic properties of one-dimensional structures and could have applications in nanoelectronics.


20) * Double-walled carbon nanotubes could beat single-walled *

Researchers from Shinshu University, Japan, IPICYT, Mexico, and Massachusetts Institute of

Technology, US, have come up with a high-yield technique for making double-walled carbon nanotubes. They reckon the structures could have physical properties superior to those of single- or multi-walled nanotubes.


21) * Nanoparticle technique detects Alzheimer's-related proteins *

Researchers from Northwestern University, US, and Rush University, US, have used their nanoparticle-based bio-barcode assay to measure the concentration of amyloid-beta-diffusible ligands (ADDLs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Since ADDLs are likely to be markers for

Alzheimer's disease, the technique could provide a method for early and reliable diagnosis of the condition.


22) FEATURE

* Friction at the nano-scale *

Nanomachines will depend on our knowledge of friction, heat transfer and energy dissipation at the atomic level for their very survival. Jacqueline Krim of North Carolina State University,

US, explains.

See http://nanotechweb.org/articles/feature/4/2/1/1

23) * Liquid carbon plays role in nanotube formation *

Researchers have discovered that the formation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in a pure carbon arc involves liquid carbon. They believe that the nanotubes formed by homogeneous nucleation inside droplets of the liquid.


24) * Nanobelts tackle nerve gases *

Researchers in the US have combined tin oxide "nanobelts" with low-power microheaters to make sensors that can detect nerve agents. The devices made by Li Shi and colleagues at the

University of Texas at Austin and the Georgia Institute of Technology are ultrastable, highly sensitive and free from the "poisoning effect" that has previously limited the widespread use of metal oxides as sensors.


25) * Butterfly images take flight *

Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US, and North Carolina State University, US, have used scanning probe microscopy (SPM) to look at the structure of a butterfly's wing.

They found that acoustic imaging enabled them to look at the internal structure of the wing in fine detail.


26) * Ultrasound hollows out nanospheres *

Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, US, have used ultrasound to prepare hollow nanospheres and nanocrystals of molybdenum compounds. The materials could have applications in catalysis, microelectronics and photonics.


27) * Nanotube coating could suit pyroelectric detectors *

Researchers at the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the

National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have investigated the use of single-walled carbon nanotubes as a thermal-absorption coating for pyroelectric detectors. The detectors have applications in measuring the optical power of laser systems.


28) * Nanowire sensor could help drug discovery *

Researchers at Harvard University, US, have created a silicon nanowire device that can detect interactions between small molecules and proteins. The system could have applications in drug discovery.


29) * Molecular switch shows potential *

Researchers at Columbia University and Arizona State University, both in the US, have found negative differential resistance in a single molecule attached to two electrodes. The team believes its techniques may be valuable for future single-molecule electronics research.


30) * Nanoparticles direct assembly of copolymers *

Researchers at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Argonne National Laboratory,

University of South Carolina, the University of Pittsburgh, all in the US, and Bayreuth

University, Germany, have found that adding nanoparticles to diblock copolymers can redirect their self-assembly. The scientists believe the technique could have applications in chemical sensing, separation, catalysis, high-density data storage and photonic materials.


31) * Nanoparticles mop up trichloroethene *

Trichloroethene pollution of groundwater has serious implications for human health and the environment, and is also expensive to clean up. Now, researchers at Rice University and

Georgia Institute of Technology, both in the US, have found that gold nanoparticles coated with palladium are extremely effective catalysts for breaking down the chemical into less harmful products.


32) * Microscope zooms in on crystallisation *

Scientists in the US have demonstrated a new technique that is capable of starting crystallisation from scratch and then controlling and imaging the process as it proceeds in real time. Chad Mirkin and colleagues at Northwestern University in Illinois used an atomic force microscope coated with a polymer to grow crystals of the polymer on a mica substrate.


33) * Nanowells detect bacteria *

Researchers at Texas A&M University, US, have created a nanowell-containing device that can detect the presence of bacteria. The instrument works by sensing the electric field fluctuations that take place when a virus infects a bacterium.


34) * Nanoparticles create active tips for near-field optical microscopy *

Researchers at the University Joseph Fourier, CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific

Research) and CEA Grenoble (Atomic Energy Commission), France, have created an active optical tip for near-field scanning optical microscopy with just a few nanoparticles of cadmium selenide at its apex. The scientists believe their tip may even contain just one nanoparticle.


35) Nanopositioning Actuators & Stages

(PI (Physik Instrumente) L.P.)

PI nanopositioning solutions include: PICMA® piezo actuators (robust, high-force awardwinning); PILine® high-speed ceramic micro servo motors; beam steering & image stabilization platforms; nanopositioning and scanning stages... More info ...

36) * Gold nanoparticles monitor protein folding *

Faulty protein folding plays a role in medical conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, cystic fibrosis, and BSE (mad cow disease). Now, scientists at Stanford University have found that they could monitor changes in the folding of a yeast protein by attaching gold nanoparticles.


37) * Carbon nanotubes fill up with magnetic nanoparticles *

Researchers at Drexel University and TRI/Princeton, US, have filled carbon nanotubes with magnetic nanoparticles. The resulting magnetic nanostructures could have applications in memory devices, medicine and wearable electronics.


38) * Carbon nanotube capacitance detects vapours *

Researchers at the Naval Research Laboratory, US, have used capacitance changes in a network of single-walled carbon nanotubes to detect the presence of chemical vapours. The technique provides a fast response and is sensitive to a broad range of gases.


39) * Helical nanobelts roll up for devices *

Researchers at the Paul Scherrer Institute and the University of Basel, both in Switzerland, have worked out how to control the formation of helical nanobelts from strips of semiconductor. The scientists found they could tailor the design of the spirals by altering parameters such as the width of the belt, its crystal direction and the shape of its tip.


40) * Turning the lotus effect on its head *

Companies that make water-repellent paints, fabrics and windscreens for cars often look to the lotus leaf for inspiration. The leaf is a symbol of purity in many cultures because of its ability to remain clean: when rain falls onto a lotus leaf, the drops of water that form on the surface roll off, taking any dirt with them. However, two researchers in the US have now discovered that although lotus leaves are superhydrophobic as far as droplets of water are concerned, they are actually hydrophilic with respect to condensed water vapour.


41) * Quantum dots spy on virus particles *

Quantum dots (or semiconductor nanoparticles) have found an increasing role in medical imaging. Now researchers at Vanderbilt University, US, have used the fluorescent particles to label the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).


42) * Growing bent carbon nanotubes *

Researchers at the University of California San Diego, US, have grown carbon nanotubes that change direction along their length. The team used electric fields to alter the orientation of the tubes.


43) * Fungus makes silica nanoparticles from sand *

Bioleaching by organisms such as algae, mosses, lichens, bacteria and fungi has become a reasonably common technique for the commercial production of metals such as copper, iron and gold. Now, researchers at India's National Chemical Laboratory have found that the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, which normally causes disease in plants, can create nanoparticles of silica from sand.


44) * Magnetic technique forms molecular junctions *

Researchers at the Naval Research Laboratory and University of California, Santa Barbara, both in the US, have come up with a technique for making junctions for molecular electronic devices. The method uses magnetic fields to align metallized microspheres between electrodes.


45) * Nanorods could lead to 'superlenses' *

Physicists in the US have demonstrated negative refraction at optical wavelengths for the first time. Vladimir Shalaev and colleagues at Purdue University obtained the result in a material consisting of an array of pairs of parallel gold nanorods.


46) * Silicon nanowires promote bone growth *

Researchers at Texas Christian University, US, have found that silicon nanowires are not toxic to cells and can promote bone growth. The team applied an electrical bias to the nanowires to promote calcification.


47) * Nanotube transistor interacts with cell membrane *

Scientists from Nanomix, US, and the University of California, Los Angeles, US, say they have demonstrated the first interaction of a nanoelectronic device with an intact biological system. They believe this advance could ultimately lead to the creation of an artificial eye.


48) * Painting nanowires into circuits *

Researchers from Harvard University, US, say they have made functioning, high-frequency circuits from nanoscale building blocks for the first time. They reckon the nanowire-based devices should find a use in lightweight, portable electronics.


49) * 'Magnetic' bacteria help align nanotubes *

Researchers at Pennsylvania State University, US, have used magnetic nanoparticles from the bacterium Magnetospirillium magnetotacticum (MS-1) to grow laterally aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The technique could ultimately help with the integration of nanotubes into nanoelectronic devices.


50) * Platinum nanoparticles bring spontaneous ignition *

Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US, have found that platinum nanoparticles can cause a mixture of methanol and air to ignite spontaneously at room temperature. The combustion reaction was able to proceed at just a few tenths of a degree above room

temperature.


51) * Nanostructures branch out with templates *

Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, US, have used ceramic templates to produce hierarchically branched nanowires and nanotubes for the first time. The team grew carbon nanotubes and metallic nanowires inside anodic aluminium oxide structures.


52) * Energy start-ups bank on nanotechnology *

Existing technologies for producing solar cells remain too costly to enable widespread adoption of photovoltaic modules. But a new clutch of start-ups are starting to commercialize nanostructured solar cells that promise to deliver high efficiencies at much lower prices.


53) * Electromechanical microscope nudges the nanoscale *

Scientists have known for almost half a century that biological materials generate a voltage when they are exposed to a mechanical force. Now a team at the Oak Ridge National

Laboratory and North Carolina State University, both in the US, has exploited this piezoelectric effect to produce the most detailed images of the internal structure of human teeth.


54) * Attaching amino acids to electronic device materials *

Researchers at Lucent Technologies' Bell Laboratories in the US have tested the adhesion of amino acids to semiconductors, metals and insulators used in electronic devices. The team used their results to design an inorganic nanostructure that selectively bound to a particular primary peptide sequence.


55) * Nanotechnology news in brief *


56) * Nanotechnology proves a big draw at NSTI conference *

Last week saw more than 2600 delegates converge on Anaheim, California. But they weren't heading for the Disneyland 50th anniversary celebrations - almost all of them made it to

Nanotech 2005, the Nano Science and Technology Institute (NSTI)'s eighth annual conference and trade show.


57) * Atomic force microscopes reach new depths *

Physicists in China have made a new type of atomic force microscope (AFM) that works in liquid. The device could be used to image biological samples, materials that are easily oxidized and samples in hazardous environments.


58) * Superlens could image nanoscale with light *

Physicists in the US have made an optical superlens from a thin layer of silver. The lens has a negative refractive index and can be used to image structures with a resolution that is about one sixth the wavelength of light - thus overcoming the so-called diffraction limit.


59) * Nanocrystals highlight DNA mutations *

Researchers at Arizona State University, US, have developed a technique that uses nanocrystals to detect genetic mutations. The method creates a bioelectronic signature for point mutations known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).


60)NANOTECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

* UK to hold citizens' jury on nanotechnology *

See http://nanotechweb.org/articles/society/4/5/1/1

61)Carbon nanotubes give under pressure *

Researchers from Georgia Institute of Technology, US, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de

Lausanne in Switzerland and the IBM Watson Research Center, US, have measured the radial stiffness of carbon nanotubes. They believe their results could have implications for nanoelectronics.


62) * Carbon nanotubes head for brain repair *

Researchers in Italy have grown nerve cells from the hippocampus region of the brain on substrates containing networks of carbon nanotubes. The team, from the University of Trieste,

University of Ferrara, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS) and the

National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), found that the nanotubes improved neural signal transfer between the cells.


63) * Nanocrystals light up LED chips *

Simplified and more efficient white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) could result from replacing external colour-converting phosphors with CdSe-based nanocrystals that are incorporated directly into the p-n junction.


64) * Conductive tips for atomic force microscopy *

Researchers in Switzerland have tested an atomic force microscope with an electrically insulated conductive tip. The scientists, from the University of Basel and University of

Neuchâtel, imaged the hexagonally packed intermediate layer of the red bacterium

Deinococcus radiodurans.


65) * Nanotubes enter flat-panel display market *

LCD, plasma and OLED displays could soon have a new challenger. Motorola Labs, the applied research arm of Motorola, has unveiled a prototype nano-emissive disp lay (NED) based on carbon nanotubes.


66) * Quantum dot creates single photon source *

Experiments in quantum communications and computing could be about to get much easier thanks to the development of a semiconductor source of single photons at the telecoms window of 1.3 µm.


68) * Polymers team up for nanoelectronics manufacturing *

As electronic chips become faster and their feature sizes shrink, manufacturing techniques have been struggling to stay ahead of the game. Now, researchers from the University of

Wisconsin, Madison, US, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, and the Paul

Scherrer Institute in Switzerland have come up with a hybrid method for patterning silicon that exploits a mixture of polymers.


69) * Charged atom controls molecular conduction *

Researchers from the University of Alberta in Canada, the National Institute for

Nanotechnology, Canada, and the University of Liverpool, UK, say they have shown for the first time that a single charged atom on a silicon surface can regulate the conductivity of a molecule nearby. The finding could be useful for developing single molecule transistors.


70) * Functionalized nanoparticles mimic enzyme found in sponge *

Researchers at the University of California, Santa Barbara, US, have synthesized a nanostructure that can catalyze the formation of silica at low temperatures and neutral pH. To achieve this, the team copied the polysiloxane-synthesizing enzyme found in the orange puffball sponge Tethya aurantia, which lives in seawater.


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