Discussion Document v. 4.0 – after Paris WG
WEEELABEX Standard
Specific Requirements for CRT Display Equipment
Foreword
Table of Content
Introduction
This standard is stand alone document, but can only be used together with WEEELABEX
general standard and its annexes.
This standard is splitted into the three parts. Part one is devoted to the collection of CRT DE
(in form of a code of practise), part two covers logistic processes of CRT DE (in a form of a
standard) and part three covers treatment of CRT DE (in a form of a standard).
1.
Scope
1.1
This standard describes the specific requirements pertaining to CRT display
equipment (CRT DE) in the WEEE stream as a part of the WEEELABEX standard.
This standard is applicable to all CRT DE, including all components and all fractions
thereof, until the end of waste status is fulfilled in accordance with Article 6 of the
Directive 2008/98/EC on waste.
1.2
These specifications are intended to refer to operators who handle CRT DE to ensure
the provisions of applicable European and National Regulations are fulfilled.
1.3
This standard aims to:
 Achieve effective and efficient handling of CRT DE in order to prevent pollution,
minimize emissions and maximize recovery of secondary materials
 Assure that quality, environmental, health and safety targets are achieved during
CRT DE handling and properly document theirs achivement
 Avoid emission of phosphorous coatings to the environment
 Avoid lead dispersion to the environment
 Prevent illegal export of CRT DE and its fractions thereof
 Identify of criteria upon which the end of life status for CRT DE fractions are
achieved
2.
Terms and definitions
2.1.
CRT Display equipment (CRT DE)
Means whole TV sets and computer monitors containing cathode ray tube (CRT). Also means
CRTs with related deflection coil included in business to business appliances like hospital
monitors, bank cash machines, oscilloscopes etc.
2.2.
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
The cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing:
 Screen
 Cone
 Frit glass
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


Shadow mask (only for color CRTs)
Antiimplosive metal frame
Electron gun
2.3.
Electron gun
Is an electrical component solded into the neck glass that produces an electron beams.
2.4.
Deflection coil
Is a copper coil freely placed on cone. It deflects electron beams emitted by electron gun.
2.5.
Screen
Front part of CRT made of panel glass with coatings.
2.6.
Cone
Back part of the CRT made of funnel glass with coatings and neck glass.
2.7.
Coatings
Layers scalded or laid on the panel glass or funnel glass. Types of coatings are:
 Fluorescent coatings
 Iron oxide coatings
 Graphite coatings
 Aluminium coatings
2.8.
Panel glass
Glass with high content of barium and strontium clear of any coatings.
2.9.
Funnel glass
Glass with high content of lead clear of any coatings.
2.10. Neck glass
Glass with extremely high content of lead (over 30% wt).
2.11. Frit glass
Glass with extremely high content of lead (over 70% wt). It seals the screen and cone.
2.12. CRT glass
Panel, funnel, neck and frit glass excluding coatings
2.13. Shadow mask
Is a steel aperture panel or grille. It forms a pattern from electron beams on the screen.
2.14. Fluorescent coatings
Fluorescent coatings are laid on inner side of a screen. They contain wide range of metals,
heavy metals (e.g. cadmium) and rare-metals (e.g. europium and yttrium). They are classified
as a hazardous waste.
2.15. Aluminium coatings
Aluminium coatings overlap fluorescent coatings layers on inner side of the screen and are
scalded on inner sidewalls of screen too.
2.16. Graphite coatings
Graphite coatings are laid on outside part of a cone.
2.17. Iron oxide coatings
Iron oxide coatings are laid on inside part of a cone.
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2.18.
Scheme (the scheme will be re-drawn when final version of the definitions will be
approved)
Individual parts of CRT are shown on the following scheme:
2.19. Activated CRT glass
CRT cullet or panel glass with fluorescent coatings not removed
2.20. Inactivated CRT glass
CRT cullet or panel glass with fluorescent coatings removed.
2.21.
Cleaned CRTglass
Definition to be completed (all coatings removed)
2.22. Closed loop recycling
Definition to be completed
2.23. Open loop recycling
Definition to be completed
2.24. Logistics facility
Facility operated by the transport company where no consolidation is taking place. CRT DE is
only taken over internally within one company.
2.25. Consolidation facility
Facility operated by the transport company or consolidation facility operator where loading,
unloading and consolidation of CRT DE is taking place. CRT DE is taken over not only
internally within one company but also from third parties.
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3.
Management requirements
To be completed
4.
Collection
Collection operations include taking over, input inspection, sorting, handling, storage,
preparation for re-use, preparation for transport and handing over of CRT DE and all
corresponding documentation and training at collection facility.
4.1. General concerns during CRT DE collection
4.1.1.
During all collection operations with CRT DE all the necessary care shall be taken
not to break CRT to prevent health and environment damage.
4.1.2.
Any dismantling, crushing or compacting of CRT DE prior to the treatment is not
permitted.
4.1.3.
During all collection operations CRT DE shall be kept separately from other WEEE
streams.
NOTE: Exception should not be made even for mixing CRT DE with Flat Screen Panels.There is a
substantional risk of breaking LCD with possible leakage of LCs and mercury containing back
lighting lamps breakage.
4.2. Taking over and sorting
4.2.1.
CRT DE shall be separated from other WEEE at the moment of taking over at
collection facility by collection facility personnel.
4.2.2.
When identification and sorting out of CRT DE with broken CRT can be assured on
collection facility during taking over, then special storage requirements can by
applied according to para 4.3.2, 4.3.3 and 4.3.4.
4.2.3.
When identification and sorting out of CRT DE with broken CRT cannot be assured
on collection facility during taking over, then general WEEELABEX standard storage
requirements shall apply.
Comment: Breakages to CRT DE can result in the release of toxic powders which are harmful to health and the
environment. These powders represent a clear risk and as such demand that extraordinary precautions
are needed to protect the health, safety and environment at the collection point. Also breakage of the
CRT Screen will result in the generation of glass shards that present a physical hazard to the person
4.3. Storage
4.3.1.
Storage site of the collection facility shall be secured to prevent theft of CRT DE and
components and fractions thereof from the collection site.
4.3.2.
Storage areas designated for the storage of CRT DE with broken CRT shall have
impermeable surfaces and either the provision of spillage collection facility or
weatherproof covering.
4.3.3.
Weatherproof covering or provision of spillage collection facility can be substituted
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by sealed weatherproof container or sealing each piece of CRT DE with broken CRT
by using an impermeable weatherproof wrapping.
4.3.4.
CRT DE with unbroken CRT (after sorting according to para 4.2.2.) can be stored
without any special requirements for a temporary period of three months.
4.3.5.
Storage areas designated for the storage of CRT DE intended for re-use shall have
weatherproof covering.
4.3.6.
When storing CRT DE they shall be placed in containers or stacked in a stable
manner to prevent damage or breakage of the appliances.
4.4. Preparation for transport
4.4.1.
Filling CRT DE to the containers or loading CRT DE in bulk to the vehicles shall be
carried out piece by piece in order to reduce the risk of breakage of the CRT.
4.5. Documentation
4.5.1.
The operators of collection facilities shall document all appliances collected by piece
of CRT DE or by number of containers containing CRT DE and by weight if
possible.
4.6. Training
4.6.1.
Collection facility personnel shall be informed about health and safety risks related to
the collection operations of CRT DE. Especially physical hazards of cutting by CRT
cullet and toxic hazard of heavy metal content in phosphorous coatings shall be
pointed
out.
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5.
Logistics
Logistic operations cover all actions taken with CRT DE from the collection facilities to the
treatment facilities. It means handling, loading, unloading, reloading, consolidation, transport
and storage of CRT DE and all corresponding documentation and training.
5.1.
General concerns during CRT DE logistic operations
5.1.1.
During all logistics operations with CRT DE all the necessary care shall be taken not
to break CRT to prevent health and environment damage.
5.1.2.
Any dismantling, crushing or compacting of CRT DE prior to the treatment is not
permitted.
5.1.3.
During all logistics operations CRT DE shall be kept separately from other WEEE
streams.
NOTE: Exception should not be made even for mixing CRT DE with Flat Screen Panels.There is a
substantional risk of breaking LCD with possible leakage of LCs and mercury containing back
lighting lamps breakage. According to Terra study the precautional principle should be followed
to minimaze risks to the health and environment.
5.2.
Logistic facilities
5.2.1.
5.2.2.
Logistic facility operators shall assure that CRT DE leaving the facility is in the same
condition as it was received.
The only allowed operation on logistic facility is loading and unloading of
containerized CRT DE. In such case logistic facility operator shall only meet chapter
5.6., 5.8. and 5.9. and para 5.3.4., 5.3.5 and 5.5.1.
5.3.
Consolidation facilities
5.3.1.
In case that consolidation facility receives mixed WEEE, than CRT DE shall be
separated (is it treatment????) from other WEEE at the moment of taking over by
consolidation facility personnel.
Back loop – take measure to improve – už nedodávat smícháne.
5.3.2.
When identification and sorting out of CRT DE with broken CRT can be assured on
consolidation facility during taking over, then special storage requirements can by
applied according to para 5.5.2, 5.5.3 and 5.5.4.
5.3.3.
When identification and sorting out of CRT DE with broken CRT cannot be assured
on consolidation facility during taking over, then general WEEELABEX standard
storage requirements shall apply.
Comment: Breakages to CRT DE can result in the release of toxic powders which are harmful to health and the
environment. These powders represent a clear risk and as such demand that extraordinary precautions
are needed to protect the health, safety and environment at the collection point. Also breakage of the
CRT Screen will result in the generation of glass shards that present a physical hazard to the person.
5.4.
Handling
5.3.1
When CRT DE is put in or put out to/from the containers, it shall be done piece by
piece in order to reduce the risk of breakage of the CRT. Uncontrolled tipping of the
containers or bulk containers to avoid breakage of CRT DE shall not be permitted.
EERA will try to find wording
5.3.3
When individual CRT DE (in bulk) is loaded and unloaded to/from the vehicle
loading space, it shall be done piece by piece in order to reduce the risk of breakage
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of the CRT. Tipping of the CRT DE from the vehicle loading spaces shall not be
permitted.
5.3.4
Handling with containers, loading and unloading them to/from the vehicle shall be
performed with care to avoid any damage or breakage of the CRT.
5.3.5
When stacking one container on top of another, precautions shall be in place to
prevent breaking the CRT DE in the container underneath.
.
5.5.
Storage
5.5.1.
Storage area shall be secured to prevent theft of CRT DE and components and
fractions thereof from the consolidation facilities.
5.5.2.
Storage areas designated for the storage of CRT DE with broken CRT shall have
impermeable surfaces and either the provision of spillage collection facility or
weatherproof covering.
5.5.3.
Weatherproof covering or provision of spillage collection facility can be substituted
by sealed weatherproof container or sealing each piece of CRT DE with broken CRT
by using an impermeable weatherproof wrapping.
5.5.4.
CRT DE with unbroken CRT (after sorting according to para 5.3.2.) can be stored
without any special requirements for a temporary period of three months.
5.5.5.
Storage areas designated for the storage of CRT DE intended for re-use shall have
weatherproof covering.
5.5.6.
When storing CRT DE they shall be placed in containers or stacked in a stable
manner to prevent damage or breakage of the appliances.
5.6.
Transport
5.1.5
Transport operations covers transportation of CRT DE from collection points,
logistics facilities, consolidation facilities to the treatment facilities or re-use
facilities.
5.1.6
CRT DE shall be transported only in
weatherproof covered containers or vehicles with covered loading space.
Note: CRT DE with broken CRTs may be transported together in one load, therefore is necessary to prevent
weather influences and possible leakage of fluorescent coatings by the precipitation.
5.1.7
CRT DE shall be during transportation secure in a way which not allow uncontrolled
movements of individual CRT DE or containers in a vehicle to prevent breakage of
CRT.
5.7.
Documentation
5.7.1.
All operators shall document input/output volumes of CRT DE taken over/handed
over by piece and by weight if possible, during logistic operations.
5.7.2.
The transport operator shall be in position of all relevant legal transportation licences
required by national and European legislation for the carriage of CRT DE.
5.8. Training
5.8.1.
All operator personnel shall be informed about health and safety risks related to the
logistic processes of CRT DE. Especially physical hazards of cutting by CRT cullet
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and toxic hazard of heavy metal content in phosphorous coatings shall be pointed out.
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6.
Treatment
6.1. General concerns for CRT DE treatment operations
6.1.1.
All treatment operations shall be done in a way to maximise mass yield of CRT glass
and achieve the highest possible rate of recovery and recycling of CRT glass (at
minimum achieve the rates required by Directive 2002/96/EC on WEEE).
6.1.2.
CRT glass shall be removed and separated to avoid contamination of other
components and fractions.
6.1.3.
All treatment operations shall be done in a way to avoid contamination of
components and fractions by fluorescent coatings and to achieve the highest possible
rate of separated fluorescent coatings.
6.1.4.
During all treatment operations special care must be devoted to prevent uncontrolled
emissions of fluorescent and other coatings and glass dust to air to prevent health and
environmental damage.
6.1.5.
Funnel glass shall preferably be recovered or recycled to the products where
lead content is benefitable and desirable (e.g. CRT glass, X-ray glass or tile
glaze production) to limit lead dispersion to other products.
6.2. De-pollution
6.2.1.
During de-pollution operations CRT or CRT glass shall be separated from the rest of
CRT DE.
6.2.2.
Separated CRT or activated CRT glass shall always be considered as a hazardous
waste and handled according to requirements set up by appropriate national
legislation or treatment plant licence.
6.2.3.
Fluorescent coating shall be then removed from CRT glass. Exception is only
possible when CRT or activated glass is recovered as a flux material in smelters.
6.2.4.
Removed fluorescent coatings or residues with content of fluorescent coatings shall
always be considered as a hazardous waste and handled according to requirements
set up by appropriate national legislation or treatment plant licence.
6.2.5.
All CRT glass fractions after de-poluttion shall not contain fluorescent coatings.
This shall be proven by controlling that one kilogram of CRT glass fraction contains
less then 5 mg of zinc (Fluorescent coatings containe high content of zinc and as a
such serves as fluorescent coatings indicator) – mirá analytického stanoveni je 2,5 mg
Zn na kg)
6.2.6.
All other components and fractions after de-pollution operations shall not contain
CRT glass. This shall be proven by controlling that fractions and components
contains less then 1 % by weight of CRT glass.
6.2.7.
De-pollution of other hazardous components of CRT DE shall be done according to
the General WEEE labex standard.
6.3. Management of components and fractions separated from CRT DE
6.3.1.
Separated fluorescent coatings shall be handed over only to the facilities that are
licensed and permitted to manage hazardous wastes. Preferable way of fluorescent
coatings treatment is recovery of europium and yttrium and other compounds
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thereof.
6.3.2.
CRT glass should preferably be recovered or recycled rather then landfilled.
6.3.3.
Only inactivated CRT glass shall be accepted to recycling or recovery processes.
Exception is only possible when CRT or activated glass is recovered in smelters as a
flux material.
6.3.4.
Only inactivated CRT glass shall be exported outside of the EU.
6.3.5.
Funnel glass shall preferably be recovered or recycled to the products with
declaration of conformity where lead content is benefitable and desirable (e.g. CRT
glass, X-ray glass or tile glaze production). If this is not possible then funnel glass
shall be utilized in a way that lead content in final product meets appropriate limits
set up by national legislation. When such limits do not exist, then the lead content in
final product shall be approved by appropriate national authority.
6.3.6.
CRT glass shall only be recycled or recovered in the following processes:

Production of a new CRT (close loop recycling)

Production of new glass products (glass to glass recycling)

Smelting technology capable of recovering and recycling lead, barium and
silica

Processes that makes further use of the lead/barium glass in new products and
assure that lead will not be dispersed to the outer environment (open loop
recycling processes).
6.3.7.
When CRT or CRT glass is used a flux material in a smelting technology appropriate
emission filtration system shall be installed in a smelter plant to meet requirements
set up by appropriate national legislation or treatment plant licence.
6.3.8.
CRT glass shall not be exported from EU for landfilling.
6.3.9.
CRT glass shall not be exported from EU for recycling or recovery unless standards
and requirements similar to EU level are applied to the recycling and recovery
processes.
6.3.10. Metal parts of CRT (e.g. shadow mask, antiimplosive metal frame, deflection coil)
shall not be disposed on landfills and shall be recycled.
6.3.11. Other parts of CRT DE shall be treated according to the WEEELabex general
standard requirements.
6.4. Environmetal. health and safety requirements and monitoring
6.4.1.
Fluorescent and other coatings or glass dust shall not contaminate breathing zone of
treatment facility operators and occupational exposure limits (OEL) shall be met at all
times.
6.4.2.
Treatment operator shall establish a regular airborne dust monitoring of inner
working environment at the treatment plant. Especially dust with possible
fibrogennus effect – amorphous SiO2, content of heavy metals (especially lead and
cadmium) in dust shall be determine by accredited laboratory.
6.4.3.
Monitoring of all treatment facility operators should also include the measurement of
the intake of lead by employees through analysis of lead concentration in urine.
6.4.4.
Any crushing, splitting and cleaning of CRT or CRT DE shall be done in
environment with effective dust exhausting connected to an efficient air filtration
system. The filtration class of the air filtration system shall assure that emission limits
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are complied with at all times.
6.4.5.
Treatment operator shall establish a regular monitoring of output of an air filtration
system at the treatment plant. Especially dust, heavy metal emissions (especially lead
and cadmium) shall be determine by accredited laboratory.
6.4.6.
All data acquired by monitoring activities shall be compared to the limits set up by
appropriate national legislation or plant licence and results shall be stored by
treatment operator for at least 5 years.
6.5. Training
6.5.1.
All operator personnel shall be trained in procedures for the correct treatment
operations of CRT DE during the treatment processes. The level of training shall be
appropriate to the work carried out by concrete operator.
6.5.2.
All operator personnel shall be informed about health and safety risks related to the
treatment processes of CRT DE. Especially physical hazards of cutting by CRT cullet
and toxic hazard of heavy metal content in phosphorous coatings shall be pointed out.
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7.
Normative references
Council Directive 89/391/EEC of 12 June 1989 on the introduction of measures to encourage
improvements in the safety and health of workers at work (OJ L 183, 29.6.1989, p. 1–8)
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 98/24/EC of 7 April 1998 on the protection of the health and safety
of workers from the risks related to chemical agents at work (fourteenth individual Directive
within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC) (OJ L131 05.05.1998, p11-23)
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