1.Which is the smallest unit of life that can exist as a separate entity?
* a. a cell
b. a molecule
c. an organ
d. a population
e. an ecosystem
2.The capacity to do work is
a. matter.
* b. energy.
c. metabolism.
d. aerobic respiration.
e. life.
3.The ability to maintain a constant internal environment is
a. metabolism.
* b. homeostasis.
c. development.
d. physiology.
e. thermoregulation.
4.Homeostasis provides what kind of environment?
a. positive
* b. constant
c. limiting
d. changing
e. chemical and physical
5.The adjective that best describes homeostasis in living organisms is
a. rigid.
b. biological.
* c. dynamic.
d. chemical.
e. physical.
1.Which is the smallest portion of a substance that retains the properties of an element?
* a. atom
b. compound
c. ion
d. molecule
e. mixture
2.Anything that has mass and occupies space is defined as
a. an element.
b. an atom.
c. a molecule.
* d. matter.
e. a compound.
23.Water is an example of a(n)
a. atom.
b. ion.
* c. compound.
d. mixture.
e. element.
25.Which of the following is NOT an element?
* a. water
b. oxygen
c. carbon
d. chlorine
e. hydrogen
43.A pH of 10 is how many times as basic as a pH of 7?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 10
d. 100
* e. 1,000
44.A solution with a pH of 8 has how many times fewer hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 6?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 10
* d. 100
e. 1,000
45.The three most common atoms in your body are
* a. hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon.
b. carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
c. carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.
d. nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen.
e. carbon, oxygen, and sulfur.
47.The atom diagnostically associated with organic compounds is
* a. carbon.
b. oxygen.
c. nitrogen.
d. sulfur.
e. hydrogen.
48.Which of the following are NOT macromolecules?
a. proteins
b. starches
* c. nucleotides
d. lipids
e. nucleic acids
58.Which of the following includes all the others?
a. sucrose
b. glucose
c. cellulose
d. glycogen
* e. carbohydrate
59.Which of the following is a “building block” of carbohydrates?
a. glycerol
b. nucleotide
c. simple sugar
d. monosaccharide
* e. simple sugar or monosaccharide
61.Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?
a. glucose
b. fructose
c. deoxyribose
* d. starch
e. ribose
62.Cellulose is
* a. a material found in cell walls.
b. a component of cell membranes.
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c. a plant protein.
d. formed by photosynthesis.
e. the most complex of the organic compounds.
D
63. Monosaccharides are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
a. a carboxyl group.
b. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.
c. a molecule of three to seven carbon atoms.
d. possession of one or more hydroxyl groups.
* e. the presence of glycerol and fatty acids.
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64.Fructose and glucose are
a. isotopes.
b. monosaccharides.
c. disaccharides.
d. six-carbon sugars.
* e. monosaccharides and six-carbon sugars.
65.Fructose and glucose are
a. hexoses.
b. structurally different.
c. monosaccharides.
d. simple sugars.
* e. all of these
M
66. Glucose and ribose
a. have the same number of carbon atoms.
b. have the same structural formulas.
c. are the two components of sucrose.
* d. are monosaccharides.
e. are molecules whose atoms are arranged the same way.
M
67. Sucrose is composed of
a. two molecules of fructose.
b. two molecules of glucose.
* c. a molecule of fructose and a molecule of glucose.
d. a molecule of fructose and a molecule of galactose.
e. two molecules of fructose.
M
68. The combination of glucose and galactose forms
a. fructose.
b. maltose.
* c. lactose.
d. sucrose.
e. mannose.
E
69. Plants store their excess carbohydrates in the form of
* a. starch.
b. glycogen.
c. glucose.
d. cellulose.
e. fats.
M
70. Glycogen is a polysaccharide used for energy storage by
* a. animals.
b. plants.
c. algae.
d. bacteria.
e. animals and algae.
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LIPIDS: FATS AND THEIR CHEMICAL KIN
M
71. Triglycerides are
a. carbohydrates.
b. nucleotides.
c. proteins.
* d. fats.
e. amino acids.
M
72. Oils are
a. liquid at room temperatures.
b. unsaturated fats.
c. found only in animals.
d. complex carbohydrates.
* e. liquid at room temperatures and unsaturated fats.
E
73. Which of the following are lipids?
a. steroids
b. triglycerides
c. oils
d. waxes
* e. all of these
M
74. An example of a saturated fat is
a. olive oil.
b. corn oil.
* c. butter.
d. oleo.
e. soybean oil.
M
75. Lipids
* a. serve as food reserves in many organisms.
b. include cartilage and chitin.
c. include fats that are broken down into one fatty acid molecule and three glycerol molecules.
d. are composed of monosaccharides.
e. none of these
M
76. Plasma membranes are characterized by the presence of
a. triglycerides.
* b. phospholipids.
c. unsaturated fats.
d. steroid hormones.
e. fatty acids.
M
77. All steroids have
a. the same number of double bonds.
b. the same position of double bonds.
* c. four rings of carbon to which are attached other atoms.
d. the same functional groups.
e. the same number and same positions of double bonds
M
78. Steroids are
a. compounds that are related to lipids.
b. sex hormones.
c. components of membranes.
d. troublesome on walls of arteries.
* e. all of these
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PROTEINS: BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES WITH MANY ROLES
D
79. Which element is NOT characteristic of the primary structure of proteins?
a. sulfur
b. carbon
* c. phosphorus
d. oxygen
e. nitrogen
M
80. Proteins may function as
a. structural units.
b. hormones.
c. storage molecules.
d. transport molecules.
* e. all of these
E
81. Amino acids are the building blocks for
* a. proteins.
b. steroids.
c. lipids.
d. nucleic acids.
e. carbohydrates.
E
82. What kind of bond exists between two amino acids in a protein?
* a. peptide
b. ionic
c. hydrogen
d. amino
e. sulfhydroxyl
E
83. The sequence of amino acids is the __________ structure of proteins.
* a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. quaternary
e. stereo
E
84. Amino acids are linked by what kind of bonds to form the primary structure of a protein?
a. disulfide
b. hydrogen
c. ionic
* d. peptide
e. none of these
A PROTEIN’S FUNCTION DEPENDS ON ITS SHAPE
M
85. The secondary structure of proteins is
a. helical.
b. sheet like.
c. globular.
d. the sequence of amino acids.
* e. helical or sheet like.
E
86. Which of the following exhibits fourth level structure?
a. amino acids
b. lipids
* c. hemoglobin
d. glycogen
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e. polysaccharide
M
87. A glycoprotein is a combination of protein and
a. heme.
* b. oligosaccharides.
c. collagen.
d. fatty acids.
e. nucleic acids.
M
88. The disruption of a protein's three-dimensional shape is called
a. condensation.
b. hydrolysis.
c. ionization.
* d. denaturation.
e. oxidation.
NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
M
89. Which of the following is NOT found in every nucleic acid?
* a. ribose
b. phosphate group
c. purine
d. pyrimidine
e. all of these are characteristic of every nucleotide
M
90. Nucleotides are the building blocks for
a. proteins.
b. steroids.
c. lipids.
* d. ATP, NAD+, and FAD.
e. carbohydrates.
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M
91. The nucleotide most closely associated with energy is
a. cyclic AMP.
b. FAD.
c. NAD.
* d. ATP.
e. all of these
M
92. Nucleotides contain what kind of sugars?
a. three-carbon
b. four-carbon
* c. five-carbon
d. six-carbon
e. seven-carbon
M
93. DNA
a. is one of the adenosine phosphates.
b. is one of the nucleotide coenzymes.
* c. contains protein-building instructions.
d. all of these
e. none of these
Matching Questions
M
94. Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
1 ____
enzyme
2 ____
glucose
3 ____
nucleotide coenzymes
4 ____
phospholipids
A. a six-carbon sugar
B. energy carrier such as NAD and FAD
C. principal components of cell membranes
D. speed up metabolic reactions
E. DNA and RNA
Answers:
1. D
4. C
2. A
3. B
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Classification Questions
The various energy levels in an atom of magnesium have different numbers of electrons. Use the following numbers to answer
questions 95–97.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1
2
3
6
8
D
95. Number of electrons in the first energy level
D
96. Number of electrons in the second energy level
D
97. Number of electrons in the third energy level
Answers:
95. b
96. e
97. b
The following are types of chemical bonds. Answer questions 98–102 by matching the statement with the most appropriate
bond type.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
hydrogen
ionic
covalent
disulfide
peptide
M
98. The bond between the atoms of table salt
M
99. The bond type holding several molecules of water together
M
100. The bond between the oxygen atoms of gaseous oxygen
M
101. The bond that breaks when salts dissolve in water
M
102. Atoms connected by this kind of bond share electrons
Answers:
98. b
101. b
99. a
102. c
100. c
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The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer questions 103–113 by
matching the statement with the most appropriate group.
a.—COOH
b.—CH3
c.—NH2
d.—OH
e.
C
O
O
f.
P
O
O
g.—CHO
E
103. The amino group
E
104. The carboxyl group
M
105. The group that is acidic
M
106. The group that occurs repeatedly in sugars; composed of two elements
E
107. The methyl group
E
108. The hydroxyl group
E
109. The ketone group
M
110. The group on the amino-terminal end of proteins
M
111. The group on the carboxyl-terminal end of proteins
D
112. A group composed of three different elements; found in sugars
M
113. The group typical of energy carriers such as ATP
Answers:
103.
106.
109.
112.
c
d
e
g
104.
107.
110.
113.
a
b
c
f
105. a
108. d
111. a
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The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Answer questions 114–121 by matching the statement with the most
appropriate building block.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
amino acids
glucose
glycerol
fatty acids
nucleotides
E
114. The basic unit of proteins
E
115. The basic unit of DNA
E
116. The basic unit of messenger RNA
E
117. The basic unit of cellulose
E
118. The basic unit of glycogen
E
119. The basic unit of starch
M
120. The “building block” unit of a polypeptide chain
M
121. Which two units combine in various ways to form lipids?
a. a and b
b. a and c
c. b and c
d. b and d
e. c and d
Answers:
114. a
117. b
120. a
115. e
118. b.
121. e
116. e
119. b.
Selecting the Exception
D
122. Four of the five answers listed below possess electrons in the third energy level. Select the exception.
a. sodium
b. magnesium
c. chlorine
* d. nitrogen
e. sulfur
D
123. Four of the five answers listed below are related by a unifying characteristic. Select the exception.
a. ionic bond
b. covalent bond
c. polar bond
d. hydrogen bond
* e. cluster of nonpolar groups
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D
124. Four of the five answers listed below are alkaline (pH above 7). Select the exception.
a. milk of magnesia
b. household ammonia
c. Tums
d. phosphate detergent
* e. cola soft drink
D
125. Four of the five answers listed below are acidic (pH below 7). Select the exception.
a. vinegar
b. soft drink
* c. soap
d. lemon juice
e. beer
M
126. Four of the five answers listed below are positively charged ions. Select the exception.
a. potassium ion
b. hydrogen ion
c. calcium ion
d. magnesium ion
* e. chlorine ion
M
127. Four of the five answers listed below are characteristics of water. Select the exception.
a. stabilize temperature
b. common solvent
c. cohesion and surface tension
* d. produce salts
e. change shape of hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances
D
128. Four of the five answers listed below are related by a common chemical similarity. Select the exception.
a. cellulose
* b. hydrochloric acid
c. amino acid
d. protein
e. nucleic acid
M
129. Four of the five answers listed below are related as members of the same group. Select the exception.
a. glucose
b. fructose
* c. cellulose
d. ribose
e. deoxyribose
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D
130. Four of the five answers listed below are related as members of the same group. Select the exception.
a. lactose
b. sucrose
c. maltose
d. table sugar
* e. fructose
D
131. Four of the five answers listed below are carbohydrates. Select the exception.
* a. glycerol
b. cellulose
c. starch
d. sucrose
e. glycogen
D
132. Four of the five answers listed below are lipids. Select the exception.
a. triglyceride
b. wax
c. cutin
* d. insulin
e. steroid
M
133. Three of the four answers listed below are saturated fats. Select the exception.
a. butter
b. bacon
* c. peanut oil
d. animal fat
D
134. Four of the five answers listed below are amino acids. Select the exception.
a. glycine
* b. adenine
c. phenylalanine
d. valine
e. tyrosine
D
135. Four of the five answers listed below are functional groups. Select the exception.
* a. R group
b. amino group
c. carboxyl group
d. hydroxyl group
e. aldehyde group
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