Biology 10 Lab Exam #2 Study Recommendations
The second lab exam will consist of questions about materials you have worked with during Labs 9, 23,
24, 25 (both of them), and 26 in the Lab Manual. The exam will have 50 fill-in the-blank questions. I
will supply the answer sheets. You will need a number 2 pencil and eraser. To prepare for the exam, use
this study guide, the class handouts that pertain to these exercises, and your completed lab exercises. Be
sure you understand the bold print terms, as well as the questions and answers in each lab manual
exercise.
Exerecise 23 – Domains Bacteria & Archae (Procaryotes) – you should be able to do the following
- Identify the basic structures of a bacterial cell (Fig. 23.1)
- Identify the 3 bacterial cell shapes (bacilli, cocci, spirilla) on a microscope slide or chart (see Fig. 23.3)
- Give examples of which bacteria are heterotrophic, and which are autotrophic (cyanobacteria)
- What is Gram stain? Identify gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (see Fig. 23.5). Why do some
bacteria retain the purple stain, while others stain red? Give examples of gram-positive and gramnegative of bacteria
- Which type of bacteria allow plants to use atmospheric nitrogen? What types of plants have these
bacteria in their roots? (see Fig. 23.8)
- Identify cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) under the microscope. What feature indicates that they’re
probably photosynthetic? (See Fig. 23.10)
- What is an antibiotic? (see Fig. 23.9) Give examples of pathogenic (disease causing) and useful
bacteria
Exercise 24: Kingdom Protista – Algae
- How do single-celled algae differ from blue-green algae? In what way are they similar?
- Identify the filamentous algae Spirogyra under the microscope (see Fig. 24.3). What is unique about its
chloroplasts? What structures allow Spirogyra to exchange genetic material?
- Identify the colonial algae Volvox under the microscope (see Fig. 24.6).
- Name the parts of the thallus (the plant-like algal body). Why are the parts not considered to be true
leaves, stem, and roots?
- What are the 4 main phyla of multicellular algae? Be able to identify examples of each by phylum (not
the specific species).
- What are the key features of each algal phylum? What pigments give them their colors?
- Know at least one use of each type of multicellular algae.
- Identify the structures in Euglena, as seen in Fig. 24.13, on a slide or model. Why is Euglena difficult to
classify as either heterotrophic or autotrophic? To what phylum does it belong?
- Identify Diatoms under a microscope (see Fig. 24.10). What are the features of organisms in their
phylum?
Exercise 25: Kingdom Protista – Protozoans
- In what main way do Protozoans differ from single-celled algae?
- Identify amoeba structures on the amoeba model (Fig. 25.1). In what phylum are they included? What
are the key features of their phylum?
- Identify the structures of a Paramecium on the model (Fig. 25.6). In what phylum are they included?
What is the main distinguishing feature of organisms in the phylum?
- Identify Trypanosoma under the microscope (Fig. 25.4). To which phylum do they belong? What is the
key feature of organisms in this phylum. Name a disease caused by the organism. What organism
transmits Trypanosoma to humans?
- Identify Vorticella under the microscope (Fig. 25.8). To which phylum do they belong?
Exercise 26: Kingdom Fungi
- What are the characteristics of fungi? How do they differ from plants?
- Name the 4 Divisions (Phyla) of fungi. What are the key features of organisms in each division?
- Identify Rhizopus (black bread mold) and its division
- Identify examples of Ascomycota (Fig. 26.7)
- Identify examples of Basidiomycota (Fig. 26.13), as well as a mushroom’s cap, pileus, and gills. On
which structures are the basidiospores produced?
- Identify lichens (Fig. 26.17), whether they are crustose, foliose, or fruticose. What two organisms join
together to form a lichen? How do each of the organisms benefit each other?
Exercise 25: Seedless Plants
- What are the key features of Bryophytes (seedless, nonvascular plants)? Why do Bryophytes require a
very moist environment?
- Which form is dominant in Bryophytes, the gametophyte or sporophyte? What are the two types of
gametophytes called? What does each produce? What does the sporophyte produce?
- Identify a liverwort plant, its Division, gemmae cups, and gammae. What’s the function of the
gemmae?
- Identify a moss plant and its Division. In what structure are its spores produced?
- Identify a fern and its Division. In what important way do ferns differ from Bryophytes?
- Which form is dominant in seedless vascular plants, the gametophyte or sporophyte?
- Identify the parts of a fern sporophyte and gametophyte, as in Fig. 25.9. If ferns don’t have seeds, how
do they produce new ferns?
Exercise 26: Seed Plants – Angiosperms & Gymnosperms
- What are the main differences between Angiosperms and Gymnosperms?
- Be able to identify male and female pine cones (Fig. 26.5). What structures in male cones produce
sperm? What structures in female cones produce eggs? How does pollination occur in gymnosperms?
- Which form is dominant in seed plants, the gametophyte or sporophyte?
- Identify the structures in a live flower and model (Figs. 26.8 & 26.9). What are the male and female
parts of the flower called?
- Distinguish between monocot and dicot flowers
- Identify the structures inside an Angiosperm embryo sac at the fertilization stage on a model (Fig. 26.8).
What two structures are formed during the double fertilization?
- Distinguish between monocot and dicot seeds.
- Identify the structures of a dicot seed (Fig. 26.14).
- What’s the difference between a fruit and a vegetable?
Exercise 9: Organization of Flowering Plants
- Contrast the features of Monocots vs. Dicots (Fig. 9.2)
- What are the two main functions of stems? What do xylem and phloem transport?
- Identify the parts of a woody stem (Fig. 9.7)
- Identify the structures in a cross section of a monocot stem (Fig. 9.6) on a model and slide.
- Identify the structures in a cross section of an herbaceous dicot stem model (Fig. 9.5)
- What are the two main root types? Which is found in dicots, and which in monocots?
- What are the 2 main functions of roots?
- Identify the 3 regions of a root tip (Fig. 9.3). What occurs in each region?
- Identify the structures in a dicot root cross section (Fig. 9.4) on a microscope slide
- Identify internal structures of a leaf on a model (Fig. 9.9)
- What is the primary function of a leaf?