Earth’s Internal Processes
(and stuff on the surface too!)
Geomorphology
Earth –Shapes
Landforms
Tectonic & Volcanic Processes
Build Things Up
Gradational Processes
Wear things down
Earth in Cross Section
Core to Crust
Lithosphere
Crust
Asthenosphere
‘Plastic’
Rocks
Igneous Rock Types
Magma
Intrusive (Plutonic)
Extrusive (Volcanic)
Lava
Basaltic/Mafic
Low silica
Felsic
High Silica
Andesite & Granite
Sedimentary
Strata (layers)
Lithification
Clastic
Conglomerate
Sandstone
Siltstone
Shale
Some Limestone
Chemically Precipitated
Limestone
Oldest Rocks on Bottom
Metamorphic Rock
Foliated (sometimes)
Granite = Gniess
Limestone = Marble
Shale = Slate
Sandstone = Quartzite
Olivine = Serpentinite
The Rock Cycle
The Pace of Change
Catastrophism
Young Earth
Uniformitarianism
Late 1700s
Geologic Time Scale
Uniformitarianism
Index Fossils & Fossil Succession
Never coexist (no dinos & man)
Always in sequence
Oldest at Bottom
Independent of Radiometric dating
Geologic Time Scale
Plate Tectonics
Driving Force of Surface Changes
Seafloor Spreading
Plate Boundaries
Divergent
Convergent
Transform
Continental Rearrangement
Origin of Plate Tectonics
Alfred Wegner
Continental Drift
Mid Atlantic Ridge
Magnetic Reversals
Mirror Images
Seafloor Spreading
Convection and Tectonics
Earth’s Major Plates
Earthquakes and Volcanoes
Divergent Boundaries
Rift Valley
Forming a Divergent Boundary
Divergent - Continental
Divergent - Oceanic
Mid-Ocean Ridge
Convergent Boundary
Ocean-Ocean
Ocean-Continent
Continent-Continent
Transform Boundary
Hot Spots/Mantle Plume
Evidence of plate movement
Volcanism
Hot Spot Volcano Tracks
Hawaiian Hot Spot