Year 2
Small Animal Medical Nursing and Fluid Therapy
3 Reports
1 Small Animal Fluid therapy(48)
2 Case reports; Small Animal Medical Nursing (49,50)
8 Worksheets
2 Small Animal Fluid management cases (51-58)
6 Records of Small Animal Medical cases (59-70)
Small Animal Surgical Nursing and Anaesthesia
3 Reports
1 Small Animal Anaesthetic equipment (71)
2 Case reports; Small Animal Surgical Nursing (72,73)
8 Worksheets
4 Records of Small Animal Surgical cases (74-81)
1 Small Animal Theatre practice (82,83)
1 Sterilisation using an autoclave (84,85)
2 Small Animal Anaesthetic monitoring charts (86,87)
Exotics
2 Worksheets
2 Records of exotic cases (88-91)
Structure of the Profession and Ethics
2 Worksheets
1 Specialist areas in the veterinary/veterinary nursing professions (92,93)
1 Procedure in the event of notifiable disease outbreak (94,95)
Small Animal Fluid Therapy
This report should be approximately 500 words and address issues
relating to administration of fluid therapy to small animals as listed
below.








Assessment of hydration status
Reasons for giving fluids
Choice of fluid types available
Reasons for use of particular fluid types in different situations
Possible routes of administration
Calculation of volume of fluid needed
To correct dehydration deficit
Maintenance requirement
Ongoing losses
Rate of administration
Signs of volume overload
The report should follow the structure outlined above.
48
Guidelines for Case Reports:
Small Animal Medical Nursing
Two Case Reports; Case 1 and Case 2
As listed in your portfolio, you have to submit a series of case reports
during your training. The aim of these reports is to facilitate more in
depth thought and discussion about nursing techniques that were, or
could have been, employed in your selected cases.
Although it may be necessary to include your observations on the
veterinary approach to diagnosis and treatment, these reports should be
written from a nursing viewpoint.
Selected cases should be followed from admission through to conclusion.
If you are not able to be present in each section of the treatment, the
information must be obtained from someone who was.
You should follow the structure outlined below.
Please title your reports Case 1 and Case 2.
Case Report Structure
1. Animal profile; breed, sex, age, general condition.
2. Brief information on the presenting problem, case history, preliminary
and/or final diagnosis reached.
3. Diagnostic procedures,
instructions.
surgical
procedures
and
treatment
4. Brief daily hospitalisation record; weight, food and water intake, TPR
etc.
Include only the details and explanations of any abnormal findings.
5. Preparation for procedures i.e. feeding/starving, clipping, dressings,
fluid therapy, premedication, enemas, diagnostic tests etc.
49
6. Concise and clear description of procedures carried out, emphasising
nursing procedures; instrumentation, skin preparation, draping,
atheterisation etc.
7. Post-procedure management; analgesia, dressings, feeding regime,
physiotherapy, medication etc.
8. Conclusion; an opportunity for you to critically appraise the nursing
protocols applied in the case and to offer ideas for alternative nursing
care that may have been appropriate.
Case reports should be approximately 500 words and be clearly
presented.
50
Small Animal Fluid Management; Case 1
Trainee Name
_______________________
Case Details
Species _________________ Breed _________________
Sex __________ Age ___________ Weight ___________
Date Admitted ______________
Brief clinical history and reasons for fluid therapy
Type of fluid given and reasons for choice of fluid
Route of fluid administration and reasons for this choice
51
Calculations and total volume of fluid given
Rate of administration/drip rate
Comment on urine output
Fluid monitoring chart included;
Yes / No
Trainee Signature
52
Daily Fluid Chart
Case Details;
Intake
Date and
Time
Output
Fluid Type
Total Intake:
Volume
Route
Additions
Date and
Time
Type and
Route
Estimated
volume
Total Output:
53
Notes for use of fluid charts
 The fluid requirement of a patient is at least 50 ml/Kg/day, plus
potassium
at 2 mEq/Kg/day.
 The charts should be used for all patients on fluid therapy for longer
than 6-8 hours.
 If possible use a new chart each day.
 Total up the intake and output daily so that deficits may be estimated.
 Each time a new bag of fluids is started enter:
date
time
type of fluid ( LRS, Saline, Haemaccell etc.)
route of administration
any additions to the fluid (potassium, dextrose etc.)
 Measure all water by oral route and estimate volume taken in.
 Record urination, defecation, vomition etc. in output columns.
 Estimate a loss of 5 ml / Kg per vomit
54
Small Animal Fluid Management; Case 2
Trainee Name
_______________________
Case Details
Species _________________ Breed _________________
Sex __________ Age ___________ Weight ___________
Date Admitted ______________
Brief clinical history and reasons for fluid therapy
Type of fluid given and reasons for choice of fluid
Route of fluid administration and reasons for this choice
55
Calculations and total volume of fluid given
Rate of administration/drip rate
Comment on urine output
Fluid monitoring chart included;
Yes / No
Trainee Signature
56
Daily Fluid Chart
Case Details;
Intake
Date and
Time
Output
Fluid Type
Total Intake:
Volume
Route
Additions
Date and
Time
Type and
Route
Estimated
volume
Total Output:
57
Notes for use of fluid charts
 The fluid requirement of a patient is at least 50 ml/Kg/day, plus
potassium
at 2 mEq/Kg/day.
 The charts should be used for all patients on fluid therapy for longer
than 6-8 hours.
 If possible use a new chart each day.
 Total up the intake and output daily so that deficits may be estimated.
 Each time a new bag of fluids is started enter:
date
time
type of fluid ( LRS, Saline, Haemaccell etc.)
route of administration
any additions to the fluid (potassium, dextrose etc.)
 Measure all water by oral route and estimate volume taken in.
 Record urination, defecation, vomition etc. in output columns.
 Estimate a loss of 5 ml / Kg per vomit
58
Small Animal Medical Case Record; Case 1
Trainee Name
_______________________
Case Details
Species _________________ Breed _________________
Sex __________ Age ___________ Weight ___________
Date Admitted ______________
Major presenting problem
Brief clinical history and reason(s) for hospitalisation
Diagnostic tests; procedures, results and significance
59
Details of hospital accommodation (cleaning, bedding etc)
Medical nursing
To include; medication, fluid therapy, dietary management and general
nursing
Other nursing information
e.g. long term management, discharge advice
Trainee Signature
60
Small Animal Medical Case Record; Case 2
Trainee Name
_______________________
Case Details
Species _________________ Breed _________________
Sex __________ Age ___________ Weight ___________
Date Admitted ______________
Major presenting problem
Brief clinical history and reason(s) for hospitalisation
Diagnostic tests; procedures, results and significance
61
Details of hospital accommodation (cleaning, bedding etc)
Medical nursing
To include; medication, fluid therapy, dietary management and general
nursing
Other nursing information
e.g. long term management, discharge advice
Trainee Signature
62
Small Animal Medical Case Record; Case 3
Trainee Name
_______________________
Case Details
Species _________________ Breed _________________
Sex __________ Age ___________ Weight ___________
Date Admitted ______________
Major presenting problem
Brief clinical history and reason(s) for hospitalisation
Diagnostic tests; procedures, results and significance
63
Details of hospital accommodation (cleaning, bedding etc)
Medical nursing
To include; medication, fluid therapy, dietary management and general
nursing
Other nursing information
e.g. long term management, discharge advice
Trainee Signature
64
Small Animal Medical Case Record; Case 4
Trainee Name
_______________________
Case Details
Species _________________ Breed _________________
Sex __________ Age ___________ Weight ___________
Date Admitted ______________
Major presenting problem
Brief clinical history and reason(s) for hospitalisation
Diagnostic tests; procedures, results and significance
65
Details of hospital accommodation (cleaning, bedding etc)
Medical nursing
To include; medication, fluid therapy, dietary management and general
nursing
Other nursing information
e.g. long term management, discharge advice
Trainee Signature
66
Small Animal Medical Case Record; Case 5
Trainee Name
_______________________
Case Details
Species _________________ Breed _________________
Sex __________ Age ___________ Weight ___________
Date Admitted ______________
Major presenting problem
Brief clinical history and reason(s) for hospitalisation
Diagnostic tests; procedures, results and significance
67
Details of hospital accommodation (cleaning, bedding etc)
Medical nursing
To include; medication, fluid therapy, dietary management and general
nursing
Other nursing information
e.g. long term management, discharge advice
Trainee Signature
68
Small Animal Medical Case Record; Case 6
Trainee Name
_______________________
Case Details
Species _________________ Breed _________________
Sex __________ Age ___________ Weight ___________
Date Admitted ______________
Major presenting problem
Brief clinical history and reason(s) for hospitalisation
Diagnostic tests; procedures, results and significance
69
Details of hospital accommodation (cleaning, bedding etc)
Medical nursing
To include; medication, fluid therapy, dietary management and general
nursing
Other nursing information
e.g. long term management, discharge advice
Trainee Signature
70
Small Animal Anaesthetic Equipment
This report should be approximately 500 words and address issues
relating to anaesthetic equipment as listed below.




Equipment to be prepared prior to induction of anaesthesia
Equipment required for maintenance of anaesthesia, including a brief
outline of different types of circuit available
Equipment required for monitoring of anaesthesia
Contents of anaesthetic emergency box
The report should follow the structure outlined above.
71
Guidelines for Case Reports:
Small Animal Surgical Nursing
Two Case Reports; Case 1 and Case 2
As listed in your portfolio, you have to submit a series of case reports
during your training. The aim of these reports is to facilitate more in
depth thought and discussion about nursing techniques that were, or
could have been, employed in your selected cases.
Although it may be necessary to include your observations on the
veterinary approach to diagnosis and treatment, these reports should be
written from a nursing viewpoint.
Selected cases should be followed from admission through to conclusion.
If you are not able to be present in each section of the treatment, the
information must be obtained from someone who was.
You should follow the structure outlined below.
Please title your reports Case 1 and Case 2
Case Report Structure
1.
Animal profile; breed, sex, age, general condition.
2.
Brief information on the presenting problem, case history,
preliminary and/or final diagnosis reached.
3.
Diagnostic procedures, surgical procedures and treatment
instructions.
4.
Brief daily hospitalisation record; weight, food and water intake,
TPR etc.
Include only the details and explanations of any abnormal findings.
5.
Preparation for procedures i.e. feeding/starving, clipping,
dressings, fluid therapy, premedication, enemas, diagnostic tests
etc.
72
6.
Concise and clear description of procedures carried out,
emphasising nursing procedures; instrumentation, skin preparation,
draping, catheterisation etc.
7.
Post-procedure management; analgesia, dressings, feeding regime,
physiotherapy, medication etc.
8.
Conclusion; an opportunity for you to critically appraise the nursing
protocols applied in the case and to offer ideas for alternative
nursing care that may have been appropriate.
Case reports should be approximately 500 words and be clearly
presented.
73
Small Animal Surgical Case Record; Case 1
Trainee Name
_______________________
Case Details
Species _________________ Breed _________________
Sex __________ Age ___________ Weight ___________
Date Admitted ______________
Major presenting problem
Brief clinical history and reason(s) for surgery
Diagnostic tests (if applicable)
Patient preparation
74
Surgical nursing
To include; medication, fluid therapy, analgesia, anaesthesia used
Instrumentation/equipment used
Discharge instructions
Trainee Signature
75
Small Animal Surgical Case Record; Case 2
Trainee Name
_______________________
Case Details
Species _________________ Breed _________________
Sex __________ Age ___________ Weight ___________
Date Admitted ______________
Major presenting problem
Brief clinical history and reason(s) for surgery
Diagnostic tests (if applicable)
Patient preparation
76
Surgical nursing
To include; medication, fluid therapy, analgesia, anaesthesia used
Instrumentation/equipment used
Discharge instructions
Trainee Signature
77
Small Animal Surgical Case Record; Case 3
Trainee Name
_______________________
Case Details
Species _________________ Breed _________________
Sex __________ Age ___________ Weight ___________
Date Admitted ______________
Major presenting problem
Brief clinical history and reason(s) for surgery
Diagnostic tests (if applicable)
Patient preparation
78
Surgical nursing
To include; medication, fluid therapy, analgesia, anaesthesia used
Instrumentation/equipment used
Discharge instructions
Trainee Signature
79
Small Animal Surgical Case Record; Case 4
Trainee Name
_______________________
Case Details
Species _________________ Breed _________________
Sex __________ Age ___________ Weight ___________
Date Admitted ______________
Major presenting problem
Brief clinical history and reason(s) for surgery
Diagnostic tests (if applicable)
Patient preparation
80
Surgical nursing
To include; medication, fluid therapy, analgesia, anaesthesia used
Instrumentation/equipment used
Discharge instructions
Trainee Signature
81
Small Animal Theatre Practice
Trainee Name
_______________________
Routine procedures carried out to ensure asepsis in theatre
Daily;
Weekly;
Monthly;
82
Protocol to be adopted during surgery for maintaining sterility
Pre-operatively;
Intra-operatively;
Post-operatively;
Trainee Signature
83
Sterilisation Using an Autoclave
Trainee Name
_______________________
Type of autoclave used
Equipment types that can be sterilised using this autoclave
Materials used for packaging
Exact procedure for operating the autoclave
a. item sterilised
procedure
working pressure
temperature
sterilising time
84
Exact procedure for operating the autoclave
b. item sterilised
procedure
working pressure
temperature
sterilising time
Two other methods of sterilisation that can also be used for one of
the items above
Compare these two methods to the autoclave with regard to
efficacy, cost, convenience etc
Trainee Signature
85
Anaesthetic Monitoring Chart; Small Animal Case 1
Copy of chart as used in the Veterinary Teaching Hospital
86
Anaesthetic Monitoring Chart; Small Animal Case 2
Copy of chart as used in the Veterinary Teaching Hospital
87
Exotic Case Record; Case 1
Trainee Name
_______________________
Case Details
Species _________________ Breed _________________
Sex __________ Age ___________ Weight ___________
Date Admitted ______________
Major Presenting Problem
Brief Clinical History
Details of husbandry at home; diet, housing, ventilation etc
88
Handling techniques
Nursing care
To include; medication, reduction of stress on the animal, dietary
management and general nursing
Other Nursing Information
e.g. long term management, discharge advice
Trainee Signature
89
Exotic Case Record; Case 2
Trainee Name
_______________________
Case Details
Species _________________ Breed _________________
Sex __________ Age ___________ Weight ___________
Date Admitted ______________
Major Presenting Problem
Brief Clinical History
Details of husbandry at home; diet, housing, ventilation etc
90
Handling techniques
Nursing care
To include; medication, reduction of stress on the animal, dietary
management and general nursing
Other Nursing Information
e.g. long term management, discharge advice
Trainee Signature
91
Study of Specialist Areas in the Veterinary and Veterinary
Nursing Professions
Trainee Name
_______________________
Specialist area examined e.g. referral centre, commercial,
government offices
Brief outline of veterinary involvement in this area
Veterinary nursing involvement/potential for involvement in this area
92
Potential career development for veterinary nurses in this area
Comparison with role of veterinary nurse in general practice
Areas of veterinary nurse training which are particularly helpful in
the chosen specialist area
Trainee Signature
93
Procedure in the Event of Notifiable Disease Outbreak
Trainee Name
_______________________
Case Details
Species _________________ Breed _________________
Sex __________ Age ___________ Weight ___________
Date Examined ______________
Brief clinical history
Samples taken and diagnostic tests performed (if applicable)
Isolation procedures for affected animal(s)
94
Health and safety precautions taken
Government department informed
Action taken
Outcome of event
Trainee Signature
95