PCA
Referring to the regional daily temperature and precipitation time series of Germany,
all days of the EMULATE period 1850-2003 exceeding the 98th percentile or (for
temperature only) falling below the 2nd percentile have been selected separately for
each 3-month season and the 2-month seasons JF, MA, MJ, JA, SO, ND.
Their daily MSLP fields have been submitted to T-mode principal component
analyses in order to determine the major circulation patterns (>5% of explained
variance) occurring during these extreme events.
Additional analyses have been performed by including the four preceding days of
each extreme event, leading to so-called extended PCAs and resulting major
sequences of daily circulation patterns related to these extreme events.
General Caption:
Circulation pattern sequences of the extended principal components of daily MSLP
fields from days with extreme precipitation (98th percentile) including the four
preceding days during the mentioned season1850-2003.
Circulation pattern sequences of the extended principal components of daily MSLP
fields from days with extreme temperature (98th percentile) including the four
preceding days during the mentioned season1850-2003.
Circulation pattern sequences of the extended principal components of daily MSLP
fields from days with extreme temperature (2nd percentile) including the four
preceding days during the mentioned season1850-2003.
Circulation patterns of the principal components of daily MSLP fields
from days with extremely low mean temperature (2nd percentile) during the
mentioned season 1850-2003.
Circulation patterns of the principal components of daily MSLP fields
from days with extremely high mean temperature (98nd percentile) during the
mentioned season 1850-2003.
Circulation patterns of the principal components of daily MSLP fields
from days with extremely high precipitation (98nd percentile) during the
mentioned season 1850-2003.
General file(name) conventions
All analysis steps have been carried out for 6 two-month seasons and for the 4 usual
three-month seasons. The naming convention for download files is "l02" for the twomonth seasons and "l03" for the three month seasons. The flag "m01" to "m12"
points to the starting month of the season (e.g. l02-m11 means Nov-Dec, l03-m12
means Dec-Jan-Feb). ‘extr-days’ denotes the normal PCAs, ‘02per’ and ‘98per'
denotes the 2nd and 98th percentile of the daily mean temperature ‘tem’ and
precipitation ‘prc’, respectively.
e.g.:
German-Prc-extr-days-98per-1850-2003-l02-m01-npc05-tmode.sco-2.png
 PCA, precipitation, 98th percentile, season Jan/Feb
Extended PCA:
German-Prc-98per-1850-2003-l02-m01-npc03-tmode-pca01.png
 extended PCA, precipitation, 98th percentile, season Jan/Feb, 1.PC (‘pca01’)