HGAP LCHS & CFHS
NATURE, PERSPECTIVES, POPULATION
1. _____ argued that cultural landscapes should form the basic unit of geographic inquiry,
A. Ptolemy
B. George Perkins Marsh
C. Eratosthenes
D. Carl Sauer
E. W.D. Pattison
2. Which of the following is not one of the four traditions of geography according to W.D. Pattison’s definition?
A. Area-analysis tradition
B. Field studies tradition
C. Culture-environment relations
D. Earth-science tradition
E. Locational tradition
3. Geographic scale refers to
A. the ration between distance on a map and distance on the earth’s surface.
B. a conceptual hierarchy of spaces.
C. a notion of place, based on an individual’s perception of space.
D. the many ways that people define regions.
E. the level of aggregation at which geographers investigate a particular process.
4. Cartography is the science of
A. demographics
B. map-making
C. spatial orientation
D. cognitive imagery
E. making visualizations
5. Map projections attempt to correct for errors in
A. transferability
B. area, distance, scale, and proportion
C. area, distance, shape, and direction
D. distance, proximity, and topology
E. distance, shape, and lines of latitude and longitude
6. Seattle is located on Puget Sound in northwestern Washington. It has a moist, marine climate, a large university,
and a famous downtown market. Seattle’s primary economic activities include ship and aircraft construction and
high-technology enterprises. This information gives us a description of Seattle’s
A. Situation
B. cognitive image
C. site
D. landscape
E. relative distance
7. Which of the following is a true statement regarding time-space convergence?
A. Places seem to all look the same.
B. Places seem to be getting closer together.
C. Places are increasingly concentrated on maintaining their histories.
D. Places are making more of an effort to converge activities to save time.
E. Place are implementing more rapid forms of transportation.
8. Tobler’s first law of geography states that “Everything is related to everything else, but,
A. distant things are generally unrelated.”
B. near things are more closely related than you might think.”
C. distance is always a factor.”
D. near things are more related than distant things.”
E. distance is relative.”
WURST 2004
HGAP LCHS & CFHS
9. Rap music first appeared in new York in the 1970’s. Later, it spread to large cities with vibrant African-American
populations – such as Los Angeles, Oakland, Chicago, and Detroit – without being absorbed by the smaller cities
and rural areas in between. This type of spatial diffusion is called
A. relocation potential
B. hierarchical diffusion
C. contagious diffusion
D. cultural diffusion
E. cascade diffusion
10. Stores and restaurants in Oregon that find it cheaper to buy fresh vegetables grown in California than those
grown in Florida are taking advantage of
A. expansion diffusion
B. distance decay
C. economies of diffusion
D. intervening opportunities
E. retail gravitation
11. According to the gravity model, which two places are most likely to have a high level of interaction?
A. Two cities with very large populations but separated by the Atlantic Ocean like New York and London.
B. Two cities with medium populations separated by a whole continent like Grand Rapids, Michigan, and Gulf
Shores, Alabama.
C. Two cities with small populations that are relatively close together like Richmond and Winchester, Kentucky.
D. Two cities, one with a large population and the other with a medium population, that are very close in
distance, like Seattle and Tacoma, Washington.
E. Two cities with medium populations that are relatively close to each other like Akron, Ohio, and Springfield,
Missouri.
12. Which of the following is not a good example of a barrier to spatial diffusion?
A. a mountain range
B. a different language
C. a different dietary preference
D. a highway system
E. a strict religious system
13. Which of the following regions is currently experiencing the fastest population growth?
A. Northern Asia
B. Tropical Africa
C. Eastern Europe
D. Sun Belt
E. Northeast United States
14. Most of the world’s people live in
A. the world’s poorest countries
B. the southern hemisphere
C. the developed world
D. China
E. Urban areas in the developed world
15. _____ occurs when a population is adding a fixed percentage of people to a growing population each year.
A. Doubling
B. Arithmetic growth
C. Overpopulation
D. Exponential growth
E. Demographic accounting
16. The number of live births per thousand people per year is called the
A. total fertility rate
B. natural increase rate
C. crude birth rate
D. exponential growth rate
E. infant growth rate
WURST 2004
HGAP LCHS & CFHS
17. The demographic accounting equation does not take into account _____ when calculating a country’s population.
A. the death rates
B. emigration
C. natural increase over time
D. instances when natural increase is negative
E. immigration
18. Millions of _____ came to the United States during the early years of the 20th century.
A. suburbanites
B. emigrants
C. immigrants
D. refugees
E. colonists
19. In the 1930’s, thousands of “okies” fled the Dust Bowl of the southern Great Plains and moved to the fertile
agricultural regions of California to start a new life. This is an example of
A. external migration
B. eco-migration
C. political migration
D. economic migration
E. forced migration
20. Which of the following is the result of chain migration?
A. The African slave trade
B. French colonial rule
C. The formation of Israel
D. San Francisco’s Chinatown
E. Colonization of the American frontier
21. Many recent college graduates and young professionals move to large vibrant cities – such as New York,
Chicago, and Los Angeles – with nightlife, cultural amenities, and job opportunities. These attractions are
examples of _____.
A. economic factors
B. mobility opportunities
C. suburban amenities
D. pull factors
E. push factors
22. Thomas Malthus predicted that
A. technology will offset population growth
B. the distribution of resources would be a continuing problem
C. population would outpace food production
D. the environment would allow less food to be grown in the future
E. the Green Revolution would provide agricultural technology to support increasing populations
23. Which of the following countries is at stage two of the demographic transition model?
A. San Marino
B. Nigeria
C. Denmark
D. Russia
E. Finland
24. A rectangle-shaped population pyramid indicates a country that is
A. growing slowly or not at all
B. growing rapidly
C. experiencing high immigration rates
D. composed mainly of the older age classes
E. highly dependent on the economically productive generations
WURST 2004
HGAP LCHS & CFHS
25. When the baby boomers have reached retirement age, what will the population pyramid for the united States look
like?
A. An hourglass, wide at both the top and bottom but narrow in the middle
B. Relatively rectangular, with a slight bulge near the top
C. Carrot-shaped, a narrow bottom and wide top
D. Pear-shaped, wide at the bottom, but narrow at the top
E. None of these
26. Which of the following countries would you expect to have the densest population?
A. China
B. Peru
C. Mexico
D. Belgium
E. Colombia
27. Population policy usually involves limitations on
A. fertility levels
B. income levels
C. education levels
D. agricultural production
E. industrial exports
28. India and China are the world’s two most populous countries. While China has instituted a strict population policy,
India
A. for cultural reasons, encourages women to continue to reproduce
B. does not endorse birth control because of the Catholic majority
C. encourages lower fertility through education and access to family planning
D. has a similar policy as China
E. because of their agricultural system, encourages reproduction
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
WURST 2004
D
B
B
B
C
C
C
8. D
9. B
10. D
11. D
12. D
13. B
14. A
15. D
16. C
17. C
18. C
19. B
20. D
21. D
22. C
23. B
24. A
25. B
26. D
27. E
28. C