Ace: A hole in one.
Albatross: Three strokes under par for a given hole.
American Links: An American variation of the Links concept which incorporates trees, rolling
terrain and grass expanses.
Approach Shot: A relatively short shot played from off the green onto the green.
Apron: The short fringe surrounding the green which isolates it from the fairway. It is cut shorter
than the fairway but not as close as the green.
Baffy: Another name for a 4 wood or a small-headed high lofted wood.
Bail Out Area: A particular zone adjacent to the green where errant shots are not as severely
punished as other zones around the green. In the bail out area, recovery shots are made more
easily.
Ball Mark: The depression a ball landing on the green causes. Should be repaired with a ball
mark repair tool.
Banana Ball: An expression describing an extreme slice.
Barranca: A dry ravine filled with desert shrubs and rocks.
Barkie: When the ball hits any part of a tree and the golfer still completes the hole with a par.
Ben Hogan: Universally known as the greatest ball striker of all time whose fundamentals of the
grip and full swing are still widely regarded and taught by today's top teachers. Hogan was also
known for his strength of will and the intimidation of his opponents.
Bent: Species of fine grass used in cooler climates, known for its true putting surface.
Bermuda: Species of coarse grass used in hot climates. Does not putt as true as bent grass and
has a higher root system.
Birdie: A score on a hole one less stroke less than par.
Bisque: A handicap stroke given to an opponents who may nominate what hole to take it on.
The hole must be determined prior to the match.
Blade: The historic and traditional style of an iron clubhead with no perimeter weighting often
used by the most skilled players. Also refers to modern muscleback designed irons.
Blade Shot: When the upper part of the ball is struck by the edge of the club face causing it to
hug the ground in flight.
Blast: The material carried with the ball when it is hit out of a sand bunker. Also, to blast is
another way of expressing an explosion bunker shot.
Bogey Golfer: Defined specifically as a male golfer with a USGA Handicap Index of 17.5 to
22.4 strokes or a female golfer with a USGA Handicap Index of 21.5 to 26.4 strokes.
Bomber: A golfer with excellent length off of the tee who sometimes lacks certain shot makings
skills. The opposite of a "plinker."
Borrow: To compensate for the slope or undulations of a green when putting.
Bounce: The amount of the flange of the club hanging below the leading edge of the club. The
more bounce angle, the less the club is supposed to dig into the surface. Sand wedges typically
have the most bounce of all clubs, a full 10 to 16 degrees of bounce, to help get the ball out of the
trap.
Brassie: Another name for a 2 wood or a lofted wood with a brass sole plate.
Break: The turning of the golf ball during a putt because of surface variations like elevations.
Buggy: Powered cart used to transport golfer and equipment around the course.
Bulger: Ancient clubs made of wood after 1890 that resembles today's modern woods with a
bulbous head which replaced the longnoses. Bulgers had slightly convex faces, hence the bulge.
Bump and Run: To hit a golf ball onto the green from a short distance away with little loft and
which rolls more than 75% of the way to the pin.
Burn: Scottish for creek.
Cape Hole: A curving hole with water on the inside through to the green where cutting off the
water will shorten the hole.
Cast: A type of iron where molten medal alloys are poured into a mold which forms the club
head. Allows more flexible clubhead designs like perimeter weighting.
Casual Water: Water on the course that is not a water hazard (such as puddles after rain). Relief
maybe taken when in casual water or if having to play over when on the green.
Cavity Back: Means the back of the club head is hollowed out to varying degrees in a effort to
redistribute the club head weight to other areas of the club. Usually made to promote forgiveness
or to change the center or gravity of the club head.
Chili Dip: When an attempted chip shot is struck well behind the ball so as to cause turf to be
taken before the ball is stuck during this weak scooping action.
Chipper: A now illegal club, resembling a putter with extra loft. Used by players who have
difficulty chipping.
Chunk: When the club strikes the ground well behind the ball.
Cleek: An ancient, low lofted and narrow bladed iron often used for putting but also for long
shots such as a 1 iron.
Colf: Medieval Dutch for club. Perhaps the originator for the word "golf."
Collar: The edge around a green or bunker, an apron.
Collection Area: A specific area next to the green with very short fringe grass designed to
"collect" errant shots. Much wider than a simple apron or fringe which usually has some sort of
slope involved. While not technically a hazard, higher handicaps often dread chipping or pitching
from this lie.
Come Backer: A putt made after the initial putt goes past the hole.
Compression: The amount of resilience of a golf ball. Also, to compress the ball with the club
implies that the ball is struck firmly and with good force.
Cord Grip: A golf grip, typically made of rubber, which is infused with cotton strands which look
like "cords" in the rubber. While generally rougher on the hands than other grips, they are
intended to give better grip in all weather conditions, especially in moist and wet conditions.
Course Rating: The overall difficulty of a golf course under normal conditions for a scratch
golfer. The number is equal to the average of the better half of a scratch golfers scores.
Basically, if a par 72 golf course has a Course Rating of 73, it plays one stroke more difficult for
the scratch golfer and it can be assumed, it also plays more difficult for the higher handicapped
golfers. The degree in which the higher handicap golfer will be affected can only be determined
by using the Slope Rating.
Cross Bunker: A bunker which dissects the line of play and must usually be carried.
Cut Shot: To put side and backspin onto the ball when striking it so that the ball tends to fade.
Shots hit into a green like this tend to hold greens better because they not only have back spin,
but also some sidespin.
Dance Floor: Slang for the putting surface or green.
Divot: A piece of turf that may come out from under your ball after during the swing caused by
the club passing through the turf. Bent grass divots should be replaced but most Bermuda divots
cannot be replaced.
Dormie: Term given to describe the situation when a team cannot lose a match against the
competition as the number holes remaining is the same as the current lead.
Double D: When a driver is used on the fairway after being used for the tee shot.
Double Eagle: Three shots under the hole par; also known as albatross.
Double Green: A very large single green serving two holes with two cups cut into the same
surface. Big enough so that two groups can be putting simultaneously to their respective cups.
Down: Number of stokes or holes you are behind your opponent
Draw: To induce topspin onto the ball causing in to move from outside to in on your swing. A
smaller and controlled hook. The opposite is a Fade.
Driving Iron: A 1 or 2 iron which gives distance rather than height.
Driving Mashie: An ancient driving iron.
Dub: A miss hit shot in such a way that the ball travels only a very small portion of its intended
distance.
Duck Hook: To induce too much topspin onto the ball causing it hook and move from outside to
in on your swing and also curve downward quickly.
Duffer: An unskilled golfer.
Dunk: When a ball lands in a water hazard.
Drop Shot: A type of shot used to extract a ball from tall grass around a green. The club is
dropped down severely into the ball in an attempt to drive the ball out of the tall grass and upon
the green. The ball usually comes out will little spin.
Eagle: To score two under par for a hole.
Embedded Ball: A ball which is stuck in its own pitch mark in the ground. It may be lifted and
dropped without penalty except when the ball resides out of bounds or within a hazard.
English Links: The original links style which incorporates steep pot bunkers, very tall rough,
none or very few trees and the ability to putt from far off the green. Wind and weather conditions
are part of the course design. St. Andrews is an example.
Executive Course: A golf course with mainly par 3 and comparatively short par 4 holes.
Explode: The material carried with the ball when it is hit out of a sand bunker.
Explosion Shot: A type of shot where the club passes very forcefully at and under the ball from
sand or heavy rough which causes the ball to jump out with no or very little actual contact
between the ball and club face.
Fade: To induce backspin onto the ball causing it to travel through the air following inside to out
swing. Often cause by an outside to inside swing. The opposite of a Draw. For right handed
players, a ball curving away from the target in an arc to the right.
False Front: A green which appears closer than it really is due its intentionally deceptive design.
Fat Shot: When the club strikes the ground well behind the ball and then hits the ball, resulting in
shortened distance.
Featherie: Early golf balls with a core of compressed feathers inside a leather outer.
Fescue: A type of grass commonly used in heavy rough areas which can grow to more than a
yard high.
First Cut: The rough adjacent to the fairway which is usually cut lower than the regular rough.
Flange: The base of a club, the part that rests on the ground and projects back from the leading
edge.
Flash-Faced Bunker: High-lipped bunkers where the sand extends very high up the sides.
Usually requires more maintenance than other bunkers.
Flex: The degree that a club's shaft bends upon impact with the ball.
Flex Point: That part of a club's shaft which bends the most. Typically, shafts with a lower flex
point tend to have a higher launch angle or higher ball flight. The opposite is true for higher flex
points.
Flyer: When a ball travels further than expected when using a given club, sometimes caused
when playing from the rough or off a slope where the full amount of spin cannot be imparted to
the ball.
Fore: To cry "Fore" is to warn other players that your ball may hit them. "Fore" or forward being
the area directly ahead.
Forecaddie: One who directs golfers to their balls during competition.
Forged: A club where the head is made from one piece of alloy/metal, compressed to increase
the clubs density and minimize imperfections. A forged club purportedly gives a golfer more
feeling and a pure strike at the ball but generally cost more and are often less forgiving due to
limitations in design.
Forward Press: The action of the hands prior to the commencement of the takeaway for a golf
shot or putt. It typically involves a slight forward action of the hands toward the target in a modest
wrist cocking motion. Not generally considered a golfing fundamental but more an elective move
along the lines of a waggle which may assist in beginning the takeaway.
Four Ball: Where two pairs of golfers play in match play against each other.
Fried Egg: When a ball remains in its own pitch mark when landing in a bunker. To be half
buried in the sand.
Fringe: The short fringe surrounding the green which isolates it from the fairway.
Frog Hair: The short fringe surrounding the green which isolates it from the fairway.
Gap Wedge: A wedge between the pitching and sand wedge which fills the "gap" in modern
lofted clubs which can often have as much 2 1/2 clubs difference separating the sand and
pitching wedge.
Gimmie: When an opponent decides that it is not necessary to play the next shot, normally
because you are close to the hole.
Go to School: To study the travel of a previous putt to 'read' the green.
Gorse: A many-branched spiny shrub having bright yellow flowers, common on waste lands and
links style golf courses.
GPS: Global Positioning System. When used on golf courses, it provides golfers detailed
yardages which are accurate to within three yards of the target.
Grain: The angle at which the grass on the green lies. Playing against it or with it affects the
speed of the ball when putting.
Grass Bunker: A grassy depression usually with heavy rough inside similar to a sand trap
without the sand. Technically not a hazard in the same sense a sand bunker is.
Grassed Driver: An ancient longnose fairway wood, made from wood that broke easily.
Green in Regulation: The number of shots you are expected to play before getting your ball
onto the green. Always two shots less than the par of the hole.
Greenie: The getting of a par or better at a hole when the ball is got onto the green in regulation.
Grounding the Club: To place the club on the ground prior to striking the ball when addressing
it.
Grouse: A species of bird that lives in tall grasses. Also, to complain or grumble.
Gutta Percha: Rubbery material used to make golf balls after 1848.
Guttie: A golf ball made of gutta percha which rendered Featheries obsolete.
Hacker: A poor golfer.
Halve A Hole: In match play, refers to a draw when both opponents take the same number of
shots to complete the hole and each side is credited with a half.
Halve A Match: In match play, refers to a draw when both opponents have won the same
number holes in the round.
Handicap: The number of strokes a player is given to adjust his score to that of standard
scratch. It allows golfers of different abilities to compete on approximately equal terms. Official
Handicaps are calculated using a mathematical formula involving the slope and rating from the
courses used to achieve the score.
Hanging Lie: When the ball is resting on the upside of a slope and the golf addresses the ball
from higher on the slope.
Hardpan: Any compressed hard surface, devoid of grass. Usually hard packed sand. Plays
differently from a normal bunker.
Haskel: First incarnation of the modern golf balls with rubber straps wound around core encased
in gutta percha. Rendered Gutties obsolete.
Hazard: Any feature on the golf course which is intended to make play challenging or difficult.
Hazards are considered part of the golf course and no relief is allowed in a hazard. Examples are
bunkers, gorse grass and permanent water.
Heather: Wispy, long grass which sometimes borders the rough.
Hit a Brick: Expression used to encourage a ball to slow down and not go much past the cup
when putting.
Hit a House: see Hit a Brick
Hogan Grip: A modified overlapping grip in which the pinkie finger of the low hand on the grip is
hooked in between the index and second finger of the high hand. While Hogan did not invent this
grip, he popularized it.
Hog's Back: A fairway which is raised in the center causing balls to roll towards the rough on
either side.
Hold: Meaning a green is receptive to shots and discourages balls from rolling or bouncing off.
Hole High: Means that the ball has landed on the green level with the hole as you are looking at
it. That is, that ball is not past the pin nor is it in front of it, but rather, even with it, even though it
may be left or right of the hole a good deal.
Hole Out: To put the ball into the hole.
Home: Getting the ball onto the green.
Honor: The honor goes to last player to win a hole or take the least number of shots. The player
with the honor tees off first.
Hooded Club: Turning the club face slightly inward in order to hook the ball or prevent a slice.
Hook: To induce topspin onto the ball causing it to move from outside to in on your swing. Often
an exaggerated draw and its opposite is a slice.
Hooker: A person whose predominate ball flight is a hook.
Hosel: The socket or tube in which the shaft is inserted to make a connection with the club head.
Hosel Pfeffer: Colloquialism for a shank. Pepper of the Hosel.
Hustler: One who maintains an artificially high handicap in order to win bets.
Interlocking Grip: The pinkie of the low hand on the grip hooks around a hooking index finger of
the high hand.
Irish Links: A variation of the links golf design that incorporates high mounding, tall grasses and
blind shots.
Jigger: Another name for 4 iron. A moderately lofted, shallow faced ancient iron.
Jungle: Colloquialism for Heavy Rough.
Kitty Litter: Colloquialism for sand bunker.
Kick Point: A critical point on the shaft that is integral in determining the trajectory
characteristics of the shaft. A high kick points generally causes a lower ball flights, a low kick
helps hit the ball higher. Same as "flex point"
Kirby Marker: A type of yardage marker measured distances at 25 yard intervals on each side of
a fairway to the center of the green.
Knock Down Shot: A shot that is played intentionally to keep the trajectory lower than normal to
"cheat" wind conditions. Usually made with a slightly shorter swing and often using a club with
less than normal loft, which in turn causes the ball to spin less.
Lag: When a golfer attempts to putt the ball near to the hole not caring whether it goes in or not.
Lateral Water Hazard: A water hazard defined by red stakes and usually parallel with the
fairway. If the ball resides within this hazard, the ball may be played or the player may elect relief.
Under relief, the player is assessed one stroke penalty, and may do one of the following: (1) play
another ball from the original spot of the shot; or (2) drop a ball behind the hazard at any point
keeping in line with where the ball last crossed the hazard and the hole itself.; or (3) drop a ball
within two club lengths of and not nearer the hole than (i) where he ball last crossed the margin of
the hazard or (ii) a point on the opposite margin of the hazard equidistant from the hole. See
USGA Rule 26-1.
Lay Up Shot: A shot played intentionally short of the green or hazard to avoid the risk of hitting
into trouble.
Lie: The condition of the ball position as the ball lays at rest upon the surface of the golf course.
Lie Angle: The degree of uprightness a club has as the head sits flush to the ground. The angle
of the shaft against the clubhead. Generally, taller players need more upright clubs with a greater
lie angle while shorter players need flatter lie angles or smaller lie angle, relative to the standard
lie angle.
Links: Golf courses characteristically near the seaside of Scotland which have now been copied
world over. The name has nothing to do with holes being linked together, rather, it is the area of
land, which links the sea with the inner towns or fields. Old Scottish and English usage of the
word implied rough open ground. Links golf courses are typically treeless with devilish bunkering
which incorporate pot bunkers or sod faced bunkers. Links courses have heavy and tall rough
grasses, sandy terrain or dunes and undulation in both fairway and rough. The surface
conditions are typically very firm encouraging many low running shots. The treeless nature and
nearness to open water also makes wind a major component that must be dealt with.
Linksman: A golfer.
Lip: The edge of the hole.
Lob Shot: A shot where the ball flies to maximum height and minimal distance, normally used to
hit the ball from close range when trying to avoid an obstacle.
Local Rules: Additional rules pertaining to a given course by the membership or the local course
itself which are in addition to the official rules.
Loft: The angle of the clubface in relation to the ground which dictates the trajectory of the ball
as it rises in the air. 0 degrees loft is perpendicular to the ground. Also to hit a high shot.
Lofter: A person who hits the golf ball a long way.
Long Nose: An ancient Driver made prior to 1890 made mostly from wood and looking much like
a hockey stick. These clubs broke easily and were replaced by the Bulger in the mid 1800's.
Long Game: That part of a golfer's game which involves hitting the ball over 200 yards and
utilization of the driver, fairway woods and other long clubs.
Long Irons: The 2, 3 and 4 irons.
Loose Impediments: Natural objects on the course which are not fixed into place such as
stones. Generally, if they interfere with play, they may be removed except within a hazard.
Mallet: A putter shaped like a mallet.
Marshall: One who controls the crowd during tournaments and may dispense rulings to players.
Mashie: Old fashioned hickory shafted iron varieties of which were similar to today's 5,6 and 7
irons.
Mashie-Niblick: An ancient club whose loft is between a Mashie and a Niblick, similar to a
modern 8 iron.
Match: A medal round or game of golf between opponents.
Match Play: Form of competition where each hole is won, lost or halved. The winner is whoever
won the most holes. A winning score of 3 and 2 means that the winner won by 3 holes with 2 left
to play. The highest score possible is 10 and 8.
Medal Play: A score play competition where all shots are recorded and the winner is the one
who took the least number.
Meow: Insulting cat call made toward opponents who leave putts well short. Listen: meow.wav
Middle Wedge: A medal iron with loft between that of a pitching wedge and a sand wedge.
Mid-Iron: Another name for a 2 iron in ancient clubs.
Mid-Mashie: An ancient 3 iron.
Middle Irons: The 5, 6 and 7 irons in modern sets.
Mixed Foursome: Two teams of a male and female golfer playing alternate shots.
Mulligan: When a player is allowed to reply any one shot per hole. Not permitted in official
competition.
Muscleback: A type of blade iron where a band of thicker iron crosses the back of an iron from
left to right to promote mass behind the area of impact.
Nature's Trick: A modern expression which refers to the mental difficulty in selecting the correct
club and trajectory when playing into or against the wind. There is a tendency, for instance, to
swing harder when hitting into the wind. However, swinging harder not only causes the ball to
spin more, balloon and fall short, it also causes a poor swing, further compounding the "trick."
Net Score: A player's score after handicap deductions.
Niblick: Another name for a 9 iron. At the time of its use, it characteristically had a shorter face
than other clubs and was also concave like a spoon.
Nineteenth Hole: The clubhouse bar after playing 18 holes.
Offset: The gap between the club shaft and the club face when held at address when looking
from above.
On the Dance Floor: When the ball has stayed on the green.
On the Screws: An expression which refers to the ball being struck squarely and in the center of
the club face or on the sweet spot. In old persimmon woods, screws were sometimes used to
secure a special piece of wood or laminate to the center of the club face which allegedly
optimized energy transfer.
Open: A tournament open to both amateurs and professionals.
Open Stance: At address the golfer stands with their front foot further from the ball line than their
back foot. An open stance is used by a player when they want to fade or slice the ball.
Out of Bounds: A ball is deemed out of bound when all of the ball lies out side of a boundary
designated by the course as out of bounds. Usually designated by white stakes, fences or lines.
When the ball is out of bounds, the golf must play another ball from as near a possible to the
point of the original shot. You must count your original shot, plus the penalty for being out of
bound, plus the stroke for hitting another shot. See USGA Rule 27-1
Outside Agency: Any object or person that is not part of the current golf match or golf course,
such as a spectator, forecaddie or observer, that effects the flight or lie of a ball.
Over Clubbing: To use a club which gives more distance than intended.
Overlapping Grip: See Vardon grip.
Overspin: Forward rotation of the golf ball. A putt hit with overspin rolls true. A golf ball cannot fly
with overspin since overspin will cause to ball to fall precipitously.
Par: The number of shots a low handicapper should take for a hole or round. The hole par is
measured by the number of shots needed to reach the green plus two for the putting. The round
of par is calculated by adding all the hole par's together.
Parkland: A course design with little rough that includes many trees and streams. Augusta
National is an example of a Parkland Course. Usually lush conditions with few openings into the
greens which requires high soft shots to get near the pins.
Pedestal Green: A green design in which the putting surface is well above the fairway as if on
the top of a mini volcano. Errant shots are rejected down the slopes and up and downs require
soft and high lobs shots.
Penal Design: A design principal or condition of a golf course which punishes poor shots more
often or with more extensive hazards.
Persimmon: Wood from the USA to make club heads for drivers. Very sought after before metal
woods came into service.
Pin High: The approach shot has left the ball within the distance of the length of the flag stick.
Pin Seeker: An expression used when a shot is struck well and appears to be headed directly at
the holes in such a manner that the ball will come to rest either in the cup or very near it.
Pitch and Run: To pitch the ball onto the green using a club which enables the ball to roll on
impact.
Pitch Mark: The indentation left by a ball on the green after it has landed. Also called a ball
mark.
Pitch Shot: To hit the ball at a medium height into the air and onto the green using a lofted club.
Usually struck with sufficient backspin so that the ball stops quickly on the green.
Playclub: Old fashioned wooden clubs that consist of Longnoses and Grassed Drivers. This was
what is now called the driver but its purpose was somewhat different. Modern drivers tend to
emphasize distance more than the "play clubs" of old which historically emphasiezed putting the
ball in play off of the tee.
Playing Through: To allow golfers in the game behind to play past you while you stand to one
side. Normally done as part of golf etiquette to allow faster players behind to move past a slower
group.
Plinker: A golfer with good shot making skills who lacks great length off of the tee. The opposite
of a "bomber."
Plugged Ball: A ball that when it lands remains in its own pitch mark.
Plumb Bob: Holding the putter in a vertical position and using it as a sight to determine the Line
of Putt.
Pot Bunker: A small yet deep sand bunker with steep grassy sides.
Preferred Lies: A local rule that may be adopted in the event of adverse conditions that are so
general throughout a course that improving the lie of the ball in a specified way would promote
fair play or help protect the course.
President: An ancient Niblick with a hole in it to facilitate playing out of water. Water clubs are
currently illegal.
Press: An additional bet made during a game.
Pretty: The fairway.
Primary Rough: The largest swath of rough which extends away from the fairways toward the
treeline or heather grasses.
Pronation: Rotation of the wrist so that the hand is moving to a palm facing down position.
Provisional Ball: The playing of a second ball from the same place as the first because the
player is unsure of what may have happened to the first ball (i.e. it may be lost or out of bounds).
There is no penalty for playing a provisional ball if the original is found. If the provisional is played,
the player must take a stroke for the original shot as well as one stroke penalty for the lost or out
of bounds ball. See USGA Rule 27-2.
Pull: When the ball flies straight in an inward direction after being stuck. Not the same as
draw/hook as these are shots affected by spin.
Punch Bowl: A green which sits in a depression or is surrounded by mounds which act to funnel
errant shots onto the putting surface.
Punch Shot: Where the ball is struck on the down-stroke of a partial swing resulting in a short
low shot; typically used to hit the ball out of rough or to keep the ball below the wind.
Push: When the ball flies straight in an outward direction after being stuck. Not the same as
fade/slice as these are shots affected by spin.
Putting Cleek: A shortened cleek iron with a narrow sole and short face used for putting in the
old days.
Qualifying School: The process of qualifying for PGA membership. Sometimes called Q School.
Quarter Shot: A shot hit with a significantly reduced swing.
Quitting on the Ball: Slowing your swing down before hitting the ball.
Rabbit: An amateur golfer of little accomplishment or a touring professional with no exemptions
who must qualify for each tournament.
Rake: An ancient high lofted club with vertical slots through the face to facilitate hitting out of
sand or water. Now illegal.
R & A: The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews who oversee golf in Europe, Asia and the
Commonwealth. The world equivalent of the USGA.
Recovery Shot: To bring the ball back into a favorable playing position from an unfavorable one
such as a hazard.
Red Stakes: Marks a lateral hazard. The rules for relief allow for more options than yellow
stakes or white stakes. See Lateral Water Hazard.
Redan: A type of green complex named after an original Scotland design at North Berwick.
Modern golf architects often like to feature at least one "redan" green on a golf course. The
green sits at a 45-degree angle to the tee and slopes from front right to back left with a bunker
guarding the front middle section.
Release: To hit the ball such that it rolls on impact with the green. Also refers to movement of
golfer's hands during a swing.
Relief: To lift and drop the ball without penalty in accordance with the rules.
Reverse Overlap: Gripping the club with the little finger of one hand placed over the index finger
of the other.
Ribbed Grip: A type of grip which has a spine extending straight down the inside of its length
and serves as a reminder to the hands.
Rimmed: A shot which circles the lip of the hole without dropping in.
Round: 18 holes of golf, but historically, may have been as high as 24 holes of golf.
Rub of the Green: An unexpected bounce of the ball after it hits the ground. Sometimes helpful,
normally not.
Run: The distance that the ball continues to travel after it's initial impact with the ground.
Running iron An iron used to make short shots which roll.
Run-up: To hit the ball along or close to the ground toward and onto the green.
Rut Iron: Ancient club used to play a ball out or ruts caused by cartwheels or other holes and
trenches.
Sammy: An ancient iron club with a rounded back used primarily for making approach shots.
Apparently named after an iron smith named Sammy.
Sand Bagger: A person who plays poorly, usually to maintain a higher than proper handicap,
and then plays well at a later time to capitalize on low expectations of his ability or high handicap.
Sand Iron: Sometimes used to refer to a sand wedge, however, the original sand iron did not
have the flange and bounce modern sand wedges have.
Sand Save: refers to a score where a player has a greenside bunker shot and a one-putt to
score a par.
Sandy: When a golfer still makes their par after escaping from a sand hazard.
Savior Bunker: A bunker positioned in such a place that it helps stops errant shots from getting
into worse trouble. For instance, between a green and a water hazard.
Sclaff: When the club unintentionally strikes the ground well behind the ball and then skips into
the golf ball.
Schläger: German for golf club, also Golfschläger.
Scoop: To scoop the ball into the air rather than loft it. Implies sliding the club under the ball
instead of compressing the ball against the club face.
Scoring: The linear groves or other marks in the face of a golf club, useful in transporting
moisture away from the contact point between ball and club face.
Scoring Clubs: Typically the clubs used from 120 yard and in toward the green, and connotes
clubs that provide the best opportunity to hit it close to the pin.
Scotch Foursome: Where players play in teams of two taking alternate shots. Each hole is
started alternatively as well.
Scramble: To play inconsistently and often in trouble, but still managing to score well.
Scramble Team: Competition where players play from the position of the best ball of a team
member after every stroke or drive.
Scratch: A player without a handicap and meaning that he can complete the course on par.
Shagging: To collect balls from a practice area.
Shank: To strike the ball with the part of the club head where the heel is joined to the shaft,
causing the ball to squirt off dramatically on an outward path (dead right for right-handed golfers).
To strike the ball with the hosel.
Short Game: Chipping, pitching and putting.
Short Irons: The 8 and 9 irons as well as the Pitching Wedge.
Short Knocker: A person who does not hit the ball relatively far.
Short-Sided: When the approach shot to a green misses the green on the side where there is
little room to get up and down (not including chipping from the fringe) because the pin is close to
the ball.
Shotgun Start: Golfers begin 18 holes from different holes at the same time rather than starting
at the first tee. Often used to compensate for weather delays.
Sidehill Lie: When the ball comes to rest on a slope.
Sit: Expression aimed at the ball to encourage it to stop rolling or stop quickly.
Skull: Hitting the ball above it's center, thus making it fly very low to the ground.
Sky: When the club head only just strikes the very bottom of the ball causing it to fly straight up
into the area. Normally happens when the ball is on a tee or in the rough.
Slice: To induce too much backspin onto the ball causing it to travel through the air following
inside to out trajectory and often caused by an outside to inside swing. Ball flies in a curing path
to the right for right handed golfers. A slice is an exaggerated fade and opposite of a hook.
Slope Rating: A golf measurement which indicates the proportional difficulty of a golf course
while playing from a particular set of tees under normal conditions. The number is arrived at in a
complicated manner under the auspices of the USGA. The higher the number, in general, the
more difficult the course is for the non-scratch golfer. It is generally known that as course get
more difficult, the discrepancy between strong and weak players grows, as if on a diagonal if it
were plotted on a graph (hence slope). Slope was designed to compensated for this for
handicapping purposes but it also has other useful purposes such as aiding in tee selection at an
unfamiliar courses. The number represent the ratio at which the non-scratch golfer will
approximately increase his score over his handicap for each stroke his handicap is over par on
various course.
The formula for a player’s actual Course Handicap is determined by multiplying his USGA
Handicap Index by the USGA Slope Rating of the course played and then dividing by 113. The
resulting figure is rounded off to the nearest whole number (.5 or more is rounded upward). For
instance, on a course with a slope rating of 135, a three handicapper will find his handicap
increases as follows: 3 x 135 / 113 = 3.58 or a handicap of 4. So the average three
handicapper shots approximately 4 strokes over par on this course. However, the fourteen
handicapper will find his score increases faster than the low handicapper on the same course so
his handicap must also reflect this. The fourteen handicapper will find his handicap is 14 x 135 /
113 = 16.72 or a handicap of 17. Therefore, the average fourteen handicapper will approximately
score 17 strokes over par, an increase of about 3 strokes to his handicap. On the same course,
the three handicapper's score only increased by one stroke.
Slope of 55 is the minimum and 155 is the maximum. 113 is the standard difficulty. A Course
Ratings generally tells the scratch or better golfer how difficult the course is.
Small Bucket: Modern colloquial-ridicule taken from range lingo which refers to someone's high
number of strokes on a particular hole. Example: "He hit a small bucket on hole 5."
Smile: Colloquialism for a lacerated golf ball; a cut in the ball is normally caused by a thinned
shot.
Snake: A long putt which travels over the undulations of the green like a serpent. It also
connotes three-putting.
Snap Hook: To severely hook the ball.
Snipe: To hook the ball such that it drops quickly.
Sod Faced Bunker: A bunker design feature in which a bunker has one or more step faces
which are lined with rows of sod instead of grass or raked sand. A favorite of English links style
courses which still appears in modern designs due to its penal nature. A ball that comes to rest
near the sod facing is often very difficult to extract from the bunker without going sideways or
backwards.
Sole: The underside of the club head.
Sole Plate: The metal underside of a wood's club head.
Spade: Also a spade-Mashie. A deep faced ancient club whose modern equivalent is the 6 iron.
Spare: To play a shot with less power than usual.
Speed of Play: The time it takes to play an 18 hole ground.
Spike Mark: A tuft of grass caused by spiked shoes.
Spoon: Another name for a 3 wood. They traditionally had a concave face resembling a spoon.
The spoon family was considerable, with long, middle and short spoons as well as baffing
spoons.
Square Stance: When your left and right feet are level and at right angles to the ball when you
take your stance.
Stableford Scoring: One point for a bogey, two points for a par, three for a birdie, four for an
eagle and five for an albatross.
Staggers: A condition of a golfer who was playing well and possibly leading a tournament who
then suddenly begins playing poorly coming into the final holes.
Strategic Design: A style of golf course design which challenges a thinking response to players
rather than merely punishing poor shots. Honesty in self appraisal is rewarded through controlled
shots.
Stimp Meter: An instrument used to measure the speed of a green by applying a known force to
the ball and measuring the distance traveled. The higher the number the faster the green.
Usually a ball is rolled down a ramp onto a green and the distance it travels is measured.
Stipulated Round: Consists of playing the holes of a golf course in their correct sequence
unless otherwise authorized. The number of holes in a stipulated round is 18 unless otherwise
authorized.
Stony: When a ball comes to rest near the flagstick.
Stroke Index: An assessment of a holes difficulty used to award shots during strokeplay /
matchplay conditions.
Stroke Play: Where the winner of a match or competition is the player who used the least
number of strokes (after handicap deduction) to complete the course.
Stymie: A golf feature and rule which was abolished in 1952. If an opponent's ball obstructed a
player's line to the hole, it could only be marked if it lay within six inches of the hole. This made
for interesting shots on the green, but was considered unfair and also damaging to the greens
(from chipping while on the green to avoid an opponent's ball.) Today, anytime where an object
such as a tree lies between a player's ball and the green.
Sucker Pin: Means that on an approach shot from the fairway, the pin is located in a difficult
area of the green, perhaps because the shot must carry water or a bunker or perhaps the green
is very narrow where the hole is cut and there is no bailout area. To aim for the pin in this
situation is high risk and convention states that most players should play conservatively and aim
for a safer, fatter area of the green.
Supination: Rotation of the wrist so that the hand is moving to a palm up position.
Swale: A gently contoured depression in the terrain.
Swing Weight: A measure of a club's weight in which the shaft and grip are correlated to the
clubhead.
Teeing Ground: Area from which players start each hole.
Tending the Flag: To hold the flagstick such that a player may aim for it and then remove it as
the balls approaches.
Texas Wedge: Name given to putter when used anywhere other than the green.
Thin Shot: To strike the ball above its center causing it to skip and bounce along the ground
rather than rise through the air.
Three Ball: A group of three golfers playing their own ball.
Three-Jack: To three putt a green.
Three-Quarter Shot: A shot intentionally played with 3/4 of the full swing. Often made for
accuracy.
Through the Green: Any part of the course which is not 'out of bounds' except the tees, greens
and hazards.
Through Line: A line extending away from the hole a reasonable distance following the line of a
putt. Etiquette requires that you do not step in this line in case your opponent misses his put and
needs to make his come backer.
Tier: Means common ground such as a green or fairway, which has higher and lower sections
connected by steep slopes of the same ground which creates the appearance of layers or steps.
A two tiered fairway or a three tiered green are modern creations.
Tip Stiffness: Refers to the stiffness of the shaft end nearest to the clubhead. Softer tips
typically have greater feel and a higher launch angle. Conversely, stiff tips typically are more
accurate and have a lower launch angle.
Track Iron: Old fashioned club with metal head used to lift balls from tracks and carriageways.
Similar to a Rut Iron.
Trap: Sand or grass hazard. The proper name is "bunker."
Trouble Shot: Having to play a ball that is in deep rough, behind an object (such as a bush or
tree) or from a bad lie.
Turn: The midway point on a golf course, the end of the 9th hole.
Turtle Back Greens: Old fashion greens which are high in the middle and low at the edges,
similar to the outer shell of a turtle. Deigned for drainage, they also are notorious for rejecting
approach shots which stray too close to the fringe.
Under Clubbing: Selecting a club and hitting it correctly yet the ball falls short of the target
because the wrong club was selected to begin with.
Undulation: Wave like curves, bends or elevations in the surface.
Unplayable Lie: When ball ends up in a position from which it cannot be played, for example a
bush. A player may opt to take relief and penalty from such a lie.
Up: The number of holes in which a golf has better his opponent in match play. For example: one
up, two up, etc...
Up and Down: Means missing the green in regulation but still achieving par. Usually by playing
one chip or bunker shot followed by just one putt.
Uphill Lie: Where the ball comes to rest on a slope above the target line.
USGA: United States Golf Association. The ruling body of golf for North America.
Utility Wood: A specialized wood that is designed to make shots from difficult lies.
Vardon Grip: Another name for the overlapping grip. The pinkie of the low hand on the grip lays
over the index finger of the high hand.
Waggle: A preshot routine involving some movement of the hands or club as a sort of mini-swing
designed to take tension out of the swing and prepare the player for the upcoming shot.
Waste Bunker: Flat and hard-packed sand that typically lines some fairways. It is not usually
considered a hazard like a sand bunker and carts are often permitted to drive through or across
this feature. It is legal to ground your club in a waste bunker.
Water Hazard: A water hazard defined by yellow stakes. If the ball resides within this hazard, the
ball may be played or the player may elect relief. Under relief, the player is assessed one stroke
penalty, and may do one of the following: (1) play another ball from the original spot of the shot;
or (2) drop a ball behind the hazard at any point keeping in line with where the ball last crossed
the hazard and the hole itself. You cannot drop on the front side of the hazard as you are
permitted in a lateral hazard (red stakes). See USGA Rule 26-1.
Wedge: A metal club designed to give loft rather than distance. Has more loft than a 9 iron. Used
for high, shorter shots, pitches, chips and other scoring shots into the green.
Weight: Archaic term for the force applied to a putt. Good weight means "good speed."
Whiff: Missing the ball during a swing.
Whins: Heavy rough or gorse bushes.
Whipping: The straps used to reinforce the joint between the club head and shaft. These straps
are no longer used on modern metal heads.
Whippy: A shaft with greater than normal flex.
White Stakes: Usually marks out of bounds. White stakes are more punitive than either yellow or
red stakes. See Out Of Bounds.
Wind Cheater: A shot played intentionally low to offset the effects of winds or weather.
Winter Green: A temporary green used in winter to protect the permanent green.
Winter Rules: Local rules which apply during the winter season only. Allows the improvement of
lies. See preferred lies.
Woods: Used for long range shots. Good lies are preferred for this club. Traditionally made with
a wooden head where the width is nearer that of the length of the head than in irons. They are
now mostly made with metal alloy heads of steel and titanium but newer materials like ceramics
and graphite are also becoming more common.
Woodie: When the ball hits any part of a tree and the golfer still completes the hole with a par.
Worm Burner: A shot which rolls along the ground.
Yellow Stakes: Marks a water hazard. The rules for relief allow for less options than red stakes
but more than white stakes. See Water Hazard.
Yips: To miss simple putts because of nerves.