Ch. 2 Review
Name________________________________ Period_____________
1. Which of the following could be neutrally charged?
a. An ion
c. An electron
b. A compound
d. A proton
2. Atoms combine when
a. Their outer electron shells are filled
b. Their electrons are shared/transferred
c. # of protons and neutrons is the same
d. # of electrons and protons is the same
3. Compounds with low boiling points have
a. Metallic bonds
c. Covalent bonds
b. Ionic bonds
d. No chemical bonds
4. Minerals that form from magma form as the result of
a. Crystallization
c. Precipitation
b. Evaporation
d. Condensation
5. The mineral barite (BaSO4) is a(n)
a. Oxide
c. Carbonate
b. Silicate
d. Sulfate
6. Color is often not a useful identification property because
a. Some minerals are colorless
b. The same mineral can be different colors
c. Different minerals can be different colors
d. Some minerals are single elements
7. What is a mineral’s streak?
a. The resistance to being scratched
b. The color of the mineral in powder form
c. The way in which the mineral reflects light
d. The way the mineral reacts to hydrochloric acid
8. A particular mineral breaks like a piece of glass does. Which of these describes the breakage?
a. Cleavage
c. Metallic luster
b. Hardness
d. Fracture
9. Mineral properties depend on composition and
a. Structure
c. Cleavage
b. Luster
d. Streak
10. Name the three types of particles found in an atom and explain how they differ:
a. Protons: Positive, in nucleus
b. Neutrons: Neutral, in nucleus
c. Electrons: Negative, orbit the nucleus
11. Compare and contrast ionic and covalent bonds.
a. Ionic-form between ions of
c. Ionic and Covalent-forces that hold
opposite charge
atoms together in compounds
b. Covalent-electrons are shared
12. What are five characteristics of a mineral?
a. Naturally occurring
d. definite crystalline structure
b. inorganic
e. definite chemical composition
c. solid
13. Explain 3 ways in which new minerals can form from existing minerals.
a. _changes in temperature
c. exposed to water at or near Earth’s
b. _changes in pressure
surface or to thermal solutions
14. Contrast the composition of minerals in each of the mineral groups discussed in the chapter.
a. Silicates-silicon, oxygen, 1 or more
b. Carbonates-carbon, oxygen, 1 or
other elements
more other elements
c. Oxides-oxygen, 1 or more other
e. Halides-halogen, 1 or more other
elements (usually metals)
elements
d. Sulfates/Sulfides-sulfur, oxygen, 1
f. Native Elements-exist as single
or more other elements
elements
15. How is cleavage related to a mineral’s atomic structure? Some bonds in minerals are weaker than
others. When a mineral is stressed, these bonds break to form flat, even surfaces.
16. Give examples of four minerals that can be identified by unique properties. Describe each property.
a. Graphite feels greasy; talc feels soapy
b. Magnetite is attracted to objects containing iron
c. Calcite has double refraction and fizzes when exposed to HCl
d. Sulfur minerals have unique odors
Use the diagram on pg. 61 to answer questions 17-21.
17. Briefly describe the kind of bond that is formed when two atoms shown in A bond. Because an electron
is being transferred from the magnesium to the oxygen, an ionic bond is formed.
18. Describe the kind of bond that forms when the atoms show in B bond. Because the chlorine atoms share
electrons, a covalent bond is formed.
19. Is the atom on the left in A an ion? Yes Explain: because it contains a different number of electrons than
protons
20. Use the periodic table to determine the atomic number of the atom on the left side of A. 12
a. What group is this element in? _2_
21. The atoms in B contain 17 protons. Are these atoms ions when they bond with each other? No, the
model shows them to be covalently bonded forming a molecule.
Clues
How light is reflected from the surface of a mineral luster
Number of protons in an atom of an element atomic number
Atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons isotopes
Measure of how a mineral resists scratching hardness
Substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances element
Examples include quartz, copper, fluorite, and talc mineral
Regions where electrons are located energy levels
Most common groups of minerals on Earth silicates
Tendency of a mineral to break along flat, even surfaces cleavage
Sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom mass number