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Microwave Diathermy. . . Microwave diathermy is a deep heating modality, similar to short
wave diathermy but differs in its physics and mechanical properties.. . Physics:. . The clinical
microthermy frequency is limited to 2.450 Mc range (10-12 cm wavelength), which is shorter
than short wave diathermy. The high frequencies of microthermy are obtained from a unique
device called the magnetron, which is perforated with tiny holes, through which the electrons
flow into the treatment heads. The special design of the treatment heads shapes and focuses the
field directly at the target area. The whole device is used to direct the waves onto the tissues.
This device is sometimes termed *the emitter, *the director or *the applicator. In this kind of
treatment, the patient does not form a part of the circuit, so no tuning is necessary as in short
wave application. . The heat produced by microthermal radiation is known to be more
concentrated than that produced by short wave diathermy. Although penetration is theoretically
increased with higher frequencies, absorption still depends on the target density and the
intervening tissues. According to the differences in absorbability of tissues, the clinical effect of
microwave radiation depends on the type of tissue involved.. . Physiological effects:. .
Absorption of the waves results in production of heat in the tissues, but differs from other heat
treatment methods in the distribution of heat. Microwaves penetrate more deeply than infrared
rays but not deeply as short wave diathermy, so microwave is not suitable for deeply placed
structures. The effective depth of microwave penetration is about 3 cm, so the depth of heating is
intermediate between that of infrared radiation and short wave diathermy. As the microwaves are
strongly absorbed by water, tissues with high fluid content are heated most, while less heat is
produced for tissues with low fluid content as fat. Moreover, there is an appreciable heating of
tissues having good blood supply such as muscles. . . Indications:. . The clinical indications for
microthermy are, more or less, similar to those for short wave diathermy. Microthermy may be
preferable to short wave when more concentrated or localize heating is needed. . - Traumatic and
inflammatory lesions, in which increase of blood supply and relief of pain and muscle spasm are
required. . - Lesions in the superficial regions and those of high fluid content.. - Traumatic and
rheumatic conditions affecting soft tissues and small superficial joints.. - Superficial infections
such as septic fingers, carbuncles and other superficial abscesses.. . Contraindications and
precautions:. - Burns: As water is heated rapidly by microwaves, burning of wet skin may occur..
- Eyes: Irradiation to the eyes may develop opacities.. - Circulatory defects: Such as hemorrhage,
thrombosis, phlebitis and other vascular lesions.. - Malignancy: Microwave diathermy should not
be applied to regions of malignant growth or tubercular infections.. - Cardiac pacemakers.. Genital area.. . Treatment procedures:. 1. Selection of the treatment head (Director):. Generally,
two designs of directors are found:. - Circular: In which heat is denser at the periphery more than
at the center. Two sizes of circular directors are available:. Small: for small areas. . Large: for
large areas.. - Rectangular: for elongated areas.. So, director selection depends on the shape and
the anatomical configuration of the treated area. The actual distance from the director to the skin
will determine the extent of the treatment zone, which can be detected by passing an ordinary
fluorescent lamp between the treatment head and the patient’s skin.. . 2. Preparation of the
patient:. - The target area should be bare skin.. - Clean the skin thoroughly.. - Choose the
comfortable position for the patient.. - No towel is needed.. . 3. Monitoring the treatment:. The
target distance will determine the power levels, as the closer the director to the skin, the lower
the power levels and vice-versa. A warm-up period must be allowed to permit the magnetron to
develop enough efficiency. The desired sensation of the patient is gentle warmth. Thus, reports
of hot spots should be attended immediately either by reducing the power or increasing the
distance.. . . 4. Duration of treatment:. Treatment by microthermy requires between 10 and 20
minutes. Generally, smaller target areas need less time, while larger ones need more. Treatment
may be applied daily or every other day.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. . . . .
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