Student Name: Addy Reekes Date: 9/30/2014
Applicable SOL(s):
LS 12.
The student will investigate and understand that organisms reproduce and transmit genetic information to new generations
Applicable National Standard(s):
Essential Understandings:
Vocabulary terms including but not limited to:
Traits: Physical characteristics of organisms
Heredity: The passing of traits from parents to offspring
Genetics: The study of heredity
Gregor Mendel: The father of genetics, studied heredity in pea plants.
Purebred: One that always produces the same traits in its offspring.
Genes: Factors that control traits
Alleles: Different forms of genes
Dominant allele: One whose trait always shows up when the allele is present
Essential Questions:
Who is Gregor Mendel?
How is a purebred related to dominance?
How are there 2 alleles per trait?
How can two red flowers produce a yellow flower?
What is the probability that a trait will be expressed given two heterozygous parents?
What is the difference between a genotype and phenotype.
What did Walter Sutton discover?
Why is this so significant to
Essential Knowledge:
Gregor Mendel is the father of genetics, his experiments are the simplest form of genetics, which can be used to understand all heredity
Two dominant traits or organisms will create without fail another dominant organism which is a purebred this has to be repeated numerous times to ensure the same alleles.
-There are two alleles for each trait because one comes from the mother and one comes from the father.
-Two green flowers can produce a yellow one because the parents must
Essential Skills:
-Depict and utilize a punnet square to determine heredity.
-Describe the different between recessive and dominant traits.
-Illustrate pea plants show recessive and dominant traits
- Explain the probability of blue eyes from a blue eyed parent and a brown eyed parent.
-Make connections between the genotype and phenotype.
-Contrast sex cells and body cells on humans. Compare the similarities, and also explain an example of both in relation to a human.
- Determine the significance of mutations in sex cells compared to body cells.
- Provide examples of mutations

Recessive allele: One whose trait is masked whenever a dominant allele is present.
Hybrid: A trait that expresses the dominant allele, even though the recessive is still present.
Probability: Is the likeliness an event will occur.
Punnet Square: A chart used to determine possibilities from a genetic cross.
Genotype: Allele combination that encodes a trait
Phenotype: An expression of an allele combination.
Homozygous: A trait with identical alleles
Heterozygous: A trait with different alleles
Walter Sutton: Discovered sex cell chromosomes.
Genetic Code: Phosphorus bases encoding different traits. humans?
How is the genetic code related to
DNA?
When is your DNA created? Is it copied or created more than once?
Why is a mutation in a sex cell more detrimental to an organism than one that occurs in a body cell?
Why is the probability of a male or female offspring completely equal?
Why is there selective breeding? be hybrids for the color trait.
There is a 75% chance the dominant trait will be expressed, and a 25% chance the recessive trait will be expressed.
A genotype is the genetic combination that is decoded by the cell to express the phenotype.
Sex cells have half the number of chromosomes than body cells do; even in sexual organisms.
DNA makes up the genetic code. The words are synonymous.
Your DNA is created the moment that the sex cells combine. From there all cells are copied with the same DNA.
If there is a mutation in a sex cell the
Mutation: A change that occurs in a gene or chromosome.
Sex linked genes: The genes that determine an organisms sex. mutation will effect the entire offspring’s phenotype
Selective breeding: Breeding of organisms controlled and monitored by an outside source.
Because sex linked genes are homozygous dominant.
There is selective breeding because
Human Genome Project: A long scientific experiment hoping to determine the genetic code for each human trait.
Tasks/ activities students will engage in to help them: an outside source desires a phenotype.
related to genetic codes and chromosomes.
-Be able to determine if you are an
XX or XY. Support your answer.
-What are examples of selective breeding.
Show self-

Evaluate
Classification
Compare/Contrast
Explain
Analogy
Symbolism
Interpret
Look at the human genome project and create a classroom genome project.
Apply
Create numerous punnet squares, for numerous traits.
Write a paragraph creating an example of how humans’ sex cells and body cells differ. Also describe how this can be proven.
Show perspective Show empathy
Show the connection between selective breeding and dog breeds.
Learn about mutations related to chromosomes and genetic codes.
Research a genetic mutation. Relate this to bullying. knowledge
Learn about labs and their relation to pea plants.