22 Reproduction
Class Practice
22.1 What is reproduction?
22.2 Asexual reproduction in bacteria
1. F
2. T
3. T
4. F
1. During asexual reproduction, the parent organism produces new
4.
individuals simply by mitosis.
In sexual reproduction, the gametes are produced by meiosis / zygote is
formed after fertilisation.
22.3 Asexual reproduction in flowering plants
A.
B.
Plant
Vegetative propagating organ
1.
onion
bulb
2.
ginger
rhizome
3.
potato
tuber
4.
Gladiolus
corm
1.
2.
3.
4.
B
A
D
C
22.4 Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
A. 1. D
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
A
H
G
C
B
E
I
J
10. F
B.
1.
2.
3.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
stamens
filament
anther
pollen sacs
carpel
ovary
style
stigma
anther
(j) stigma
(k) species
(l) pollen tube
(m) style
(n) ovary
22.5 Fruits and seeds
22.6 The advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction compared with
asexual reproduction in flowering plants
Structure
Name
Function
A
seed coat
protects the embryo
B
cotyledon
provides stored food for seed germination
C
plumule
grows and develops into the leafy shoot
D
radicle
grows and develops into the root
22.7 Sexual reproduction in humans
A. 1. (a) testis
2. (b) sperm ducts
3. (c) penis
4. (d) epididymis
5. (e) seminal vesicles
(f) prostate glands
(g) Cowper's glands
B.
6.
(h) scrotum
7.
(i) urethra
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
1.
(j) ovary
(k) oviduct
(l) uterus
(m)
vagina
(n) cervix
1. D
2. E
2.
3.
4.
5.
C
B
F
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
C
A
D
E
B
22.8 Human embryos
1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. F
6. F
7. T
2. Fertilisation usually occurs in the oviduct.
3.
5.
6.
Implantation takes place in the uterus.
The foetus obtains nutrients from the mother's blood through the placenta.
Pregnancy begins when implantation takes place.
22.9 The birth process
(c) → (b) → (a) → (d)
22.10 Parental care
1.
F
2. F
3. T
1. During pregnancy, the mammary glands in the mother's breast start to
produce milk.
2. In humans, parental care starts from the birth of a baby and lasts very long.
22.11 Birth control
1. condom, surgical method
2. surgical method
3.
4.
5.
surgical method
condom, diaphragm
IUD
6.
7.
8.
natural method
condom, diaphragm
contraceptive pills, IUD, surgical method
Exam Practice
A.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. C
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
D
C
D
D
D
B
B
A
C
11. B
B.
Structured Questions
1. (a) (i) B, E
(ii) G
(iii) B
(iv) C
(b) Internal fertilisation takes place in this flower. After the pollen grains
have landed on the stigma, they develop pollen tubes to send the
male gametes down into the ovule inside the ovary where
fertilisation takes place.
(c) The anther and stigma are enclosed inside the corolla. The nectary
secretes nectar to attract insects. The flower is large and conspicuous.
(d) It carries out photosynthesis and protects the flower bud.
(e) A, B and C will wither.
D will become the fruit wall/fruit.
E will become the seed.
2.
3.
(a) B – stigma, D – filament
(b) C
(c) Feathery stigma – to catch pollen grains in the wind
(d)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
4.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Anthers hang out of the flower – to shake off the pollen grains
They are light with a smooth surface.
(i) urine
(ii) kidney
F/testis
(i) F
(ii) F
(iii) F
(iv) C, E
(v) C, D
The temperature in G is slightly lower than the body temperature.
Sperm production is very sensitive to heat and more sperms are
produced in cooler conditions.
A – ovary; B – uterus; C – vagina
A / ovary
E / oviduct
(d) No, because the female sex hormones can still be secreted by ovaries
(A) and transported by blood to the target organs to exert their effects.
5.
(e) Women's urethra (H) is shorter than that of men. It is easier for
bacteria to pass from the urethra (H) to the bladder to cause infection.
(a) glucose, amino acids, mineral salts
(b) urea and carbon dioxide
(c) The embryonic tissue would be destroyed by the higher pressure of
the maternal blood.
(d) It is the amniotic fluid.
It acts as a shock-absorber, protecting the embryo from mechanical
injury.
It prevents the embryo from becoming desiccated and allows some
freedom of movement as it grows.
C.
STS Connections
(a) insect pollination
(b) No. The flowers have to be from the same species in order for fertilisation
to occur.
(c) It provides a 'landing platform' for insects.