Bio 1120
Key Vocabulary by Text Chapter (Russell)
Chapter 1: Genetics: An Introduction
Eukaryotes
Prokaryoties
Diploid
Mitosis
Meiosis
Genetics
*RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Chromosomes
Heterozygous
*Translation
Dominant
*Population genetics
Recombination
Locus/gene locus
Homologous
chromosomes
Autosomes
Sister chromatids
Metaphase
*Nucleotide
Genome
Genotype
*Ribosome
Recessive
*Quantitative genetics
*Selection
Nucleus
*Base
Alleles
Phenotype
*Genetic code
*Operon
Transmission genetics
*Genetic databases
Nucleolus
Nonhomologous
chromosomes
Karyotype
Daughter chromosomes
Telophase
Homologue
Centromere
Chromatid
Anaphase
Haploid
*DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid)
Genes
Homozygous
*Transcription
*Codon
*Molecular genetics
*Mutation
*Genetic maps
Zygote
Sex chromosomes
Cell cycle
Prophase
Interphase
Recombinant
Cytokinesis
Gene segregation
Crossing-over
chromosome
NOTE: Chapter 1 concepts will generally be treated in more depth in later parts of the course; what is
needed at this point is a general understanding of the meanings of the terms. Terms/concepts marked
with a * are definitely for consideration later in the course, and you don’t put effort into much
understanding of those at this time.
Chapter 2: Mendelian Genetics
Hereditary traits
Self-fertilization
Genes
Cross-fertilization
F1 (first filial)
generation
Particulate factors
Homozygous
Genotype
Phenotype
True-breeding
Pure-breeding
F2 (second filial)
P genetation
Monohybrid cross
generation
Reciprocal cross
Alleles
Recessive
Dominant
Heterozygous
PUnnett square
Mendel’s Second Law
Mendel’s First Law
Test cross
(Independent
Dihybrid cross
(Segregation)
Assortment)
Trihybrid cross
Chi-square test*
Pedigree analysis
Wild type allele
*We will look at chi-square testing in more depth later when we talk about linkage
Chapter 3: Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance, Sex Linkage, and Sex Determination
Autosomes
Heterogametic sex
Hemizygous
Sex chromosomes
Homogametic sex
Sex-linked
X chromosome
Wild tpe
X-linked
Dosage compensation
Barr body
Lyon hypothesis
Transgenic organism
Z chromosome
W chromosome
Y chromosome
Mutant
Nondisjunction
Testis-determining
factor
Y-linked (holandric)
Chapter 4: Extensions of Mendelian Genetic Analysis
Multiple alleles
Complete dominance
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Complete recessiveness
Epistasis
Lethal allele*
Penetrance
Expressivity
Sex-limited traits
Sex-influenced traits
Conditional mutations
*Refer to additional materials from instructor re. pseudodominance and lethal alleles.
Chapter 5: Gene Mapping in Eukaryotes
Linkage
DNA markers
Recombinants
Trans configuration
Interference
Linked genes
Parental genotypes
Genetic mapping
Map units (MU)/
Linkage Map Units
Chi-square analysis
Genetic recombination
Parental classes
Linkage map
Two-point testcrosses
Gene markers
Parentals
Cis configuration
Three-point
testcrosses
Chapter 6: Gene Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages
Bacteriophage
Nucleoid
Auxotrophs
Prototrophs
Hfr strains
Episomes
Plasmids
Conjugation
E.coli
Transduction
Phage vectors
Transformation
Virulent phage
Lysis
Lytic cycle
Temperate phage
Lysogeny
Lysogenic cycle
Prophage
Plaque
**This is a “skim” chapter. There are a number of concepts related to bacteria and the viruses (phage)
that attack them which you need to know, particularly for some of the later parts of the course, but
you do not need to know much detail about actual mapping in bacteria and bacteriophage.
Chapter 7: Non-Mendelian Genetics
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Endosymbiosis
Endosymbiotic
hypothesis
Uniparental inheritance
Maternal inheritance
**This is another “skim” chapter. You will not need to know much about extra-nuclear inheritance.
Chapter 8: DNA: The Genetic Material
DNA
Transforming principle
RNA
Avery (McLeod and
McCarty)
Nucleotides
Deoxyribonucleotides
X-Ray diffraction
Nucleic acids
Griffith/transformation
Ribonuclease
Deoxyribonuclease
Hershey-Chase
Pentose
Phosphate group
Ribonucleotides
Double helix
Watson-Crick
Complementary base
*Adenine
*Thymine
pairs
*Cytosine
*Uracil
*Deoxyribose
Genome
Nucleoid
Supercoiled
Histones
Chromatin
Euchromatin
Unique-sequence DNA
Highly repetitive DNA
*You do not need to know the chemical structures of these molecules
Nitrogenous base
Polynucleotides
Rosalind Franklin
*Guanine
*Ribose
Topoisomerases
Heterochromatin
Chapter 9: DNA Replication
Semiconservative
model
Density gradient
centrifugation
Template strands
Replication fork
Okazaki fragments
Conservative model
Dispersive model
Meselson-Stahl
DNA polymerases
Origin of Replication
Replication bubble
DNA helicase
Leading strand
Semi-discontinuous
replication
DNA primase
Lagging strand
RNA primer
Gyrase
DNA ligase
S phase
Neurospora
One gene-one
polypeptide hypothesis
Amniocentesis
Minimal medium
Replicon
Chapter 10: Gene Control of Proteins
Prototroph
Ascospores
Antigen
Auxotroph
One gene-one enzyme
Hypothesis
Antibody
Pleiotropic
Centrifugation
Supernatant
Chorionic villus
sampling
Chapter 11: Gene Expression: Transcription
Transcription
Promoter
Ribosome
Translation
mRNA
Precursor mRNAs
Structural genes
tRNA
5’ cap
Introns
Exons
Spliceosomes
Amino acids
Polymerized
Transcription factors
Terminator
TATA box
Activators
Silencer elements
RNA editing
Leader sequence
tRNA cloverleaf
Coding sequence
Anticodon
Peptide bond
Quaternary structure
Anticodon
Chain-terminating
(stop) codon
Cell-free system
Aminoacyl-tRNA
synthetase
Polyribosome
(polysome)
Non-template strand
(also called the
antisense strand)
Enhancers
Trailer sequence
RNA polymerase
rRNA
3’ PolyA tail
Ribosomal subunits
(small and large)
Template strand (also
called the sense
strand)
Chapter 12: Gene Expression: Translation
Protein
Primary structure
Triplet code
Polypeptide
Secondary structure
Codon
Amino acid
Tertiary structure
Ribosome
Initiator (start) codon
P site
A site
Genetic code
Frameshift
Nonsense (chain
terminating) codon
Deletion
Sense codon
Charged tRNA
(Aminoacyl tRNA
Initiation factors
Peptidyl synthetase
Termination (release)
factor
Wobble hypothesis
Translocation
Chapter 13: Recombinant DNA Cloning Technology
Chapter 14: Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology
Chapter 15: Genome Analysis
Chapter 16: Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophages
Lactose
Operon
Repressor-operator
system
Lysis/lytic life cycle
Inducer
Repressor gene
Negative gene control
Repressible operon
E. coli
Polygenic
(polycistronic) mRNA
Attenuator site
Lysogeny/lysogenic life
cycle
Induction
Repressor
molecule/protein
Positive gene control
CAP-cAMP
Operator
Regulatory gene
Promoter
Lactose operon (lac
operon)
Virulent phage
Temperate phage
Constitutive genes
Regulated genes
Effectors
Inducible gene
Catabolite repression
(glucose effect)
Inducible operon
Lambda phage
Cis-dominance
Partial diploid
Trp operon