Personality Quiz 2003
1. From the behavioral perspective, motivation is best explained by:
a. Classical conditioning
b. Operant conditioning
c. Classical conditioning of positive experiences
d. Operant conditioning of positive experiences
e. Second-order conditioning
2. Locus of Control was a personality construct developed by Julian Rotter. Since then
the Locus of Control construct has been widely investigated. Which of the following is
not true about Locus of Control:
a. Rotter’s LOC work bridged the behavioral perspective and the cognitive
perspective
b. Rotter’s LOC work bridged the behavioral perspective and the biological
perspective
c. Rotter’s LOC work bridged the behavioral perspective and the social learning
perspective
d. Rotter’s LOC work bridged the behavioral perspective and the humanistic
perspective
e. Rotter’s LOC work bridged the social learning perspective and the cognitive
perspective
3. Cattell used _____________ to determine important aspects of personality.
a.
b.
c.
d.
A theoretical approach
Case studies
Language
Census data
4. A person who is high on the dimension of love and high on the dimension of
dominance would most likely be considered:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Unassuming
Introverted
Extraverted
Arrogant
5. The NEO (Costa & McCrae, 1985) measures which of the following personality
traits?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Neuroticism, activity, openness to experience, extraversion, confidence
Neuroticism, extraversion, objectivity, adaptability, conscientiousness
Extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism
Neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, adaptability, conscientiousness
6. Which of the following is a reason why there is a fair amount of disagreement as to
what the five dimensions of personality are?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Different-looking factors emerge depending on the measures included in the study
Different factors emerge from studies conducted with different samples
Personality measures have low test-retest reliability
All of the above
7. Compared to lower-level traits, superordinate traits seem to provide:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Less predictive power
More predictive power
About the same amount of predictive power
A more confusing depiction of the structure of personality
8. Interactionism suggests that:
a. Personality traits and situations interact with each other to produce behaviour
b. The interaction between the "actors" traits and the "observers" traits will determine
how the observer perceives the behaviour
c. People elicit different responses from the different people with whom they interact
d. People do not choose the situations they enter
9. Murray distinguished between _____________ needs and _____________ needs.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Primitive; advanced
General; specific
Manifest; latent
Primary; secondary
10. According to twin studies, the average heritability of most personality traits is
approximately:
a.
b.
c.
d.
.40 to .50
.60 to .70
.20 to .30
.16 to .20
11. According to the "sexy son hypothesis" (Gangestad, 1989):
a. From an evolutionary perspective, women are attracted to powerful and good-looking
men because they will produce sexy sons
b. Some women mate with an attractive but unstable partner, leading to the possibility of
producing a son who will be just like his father, and will impregnate a number of
women
c. Women will try to maximize the reproductive viability of their offspring by mating
with partners who will produce sexy sons
d. None of the above
12. According to Eysenck's theory of cortical arousal:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Introverts should prefer lower levels of stimulation
Extraverts should prefer higher levels of stimulation
Introverts may become bored if the level of stimulation gets too low
All of the above
13. Given the same amount of alcohol the _____________ gets more drunk than the
_____________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Extravert; introvert
High BIS; high BAS
High BAS; high BIS
Introvert; extravert
14. Research on hormones and behaviour suggests that early exposure to masculinizing
hormones can influence the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
A child's potential for aggression
The type of toys that children chose to play with
A child's boldness
All of the above
15. The purpose of the ego is to ensure:
a.
b.
c.
d.
That tension is reduced immediately
That parental and societal values are followed
That instinctual drives are expressed appropriately
All of the above
16. According to Freud, the child who becomes fixated at the oral stage of development
will grow up to be an adult who is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Very clingy and dependent
Very independent
Either very dependent or very independent
Very cautious
17. _____________ refers to the replacement of an impulse with its opposite in
consciousness.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Denial
Sublimation
Reaction formation
Displacement
18. According to Freud, parapraxes:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Are random occurrences
Are part of conscious awareness
Reveal unconscious dynamics
All of the above
19. Jung postulated a series of dichotomies in human functioning. Which of the following
pairs is not one of Jung’s dichotomies?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Thinking/feeling
Judging/tolerating
Sensing/intuiting
Introversion/extraversion
20. Higher order conditioning occurs when:
a. A US and a UR induce classical conditioning
b. An established CS-CR combination becomes a US-UR pair in a subsequent
conditioning cycle
c. The responses in question are non-biological in nature
d. A positive CS induces a negative CR
21. The conditioning approach suggests that personality assessment should:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Focus on what a person is generally like
Focus on the individual's general responses to general situations
Take the form of direct observation and measurement
Comprise measurement and interpretation of behaviour
22. Vicarious emotional arousal:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Occurs when you feel the same emotion as another person
Occurs when you feel guilty for an imagined transgression
Is the same as sympathy
Is likely to occur only when you are modelling another's behaviour
23. According to instrumental conditioning theory, when something good is removed
from an individual, this is known as:
a.
b.
c.
d.
A negative reinforcer
A negative punisher
A positive punisher
A reinforced punishment
24. Research by Bandura and Mischel (1965) regarding the effect of modelling on delay
of gratification has shown that:
a. Modelling does not influence delay of reward
b. The effects of modelling are short lived
c. Children who show a preference for immediate reward are not influenced by a model
who shows a preference for delayed gratification
d. Modelling can either increase or decrease the tendency to choose immediate reward,
depending on what is modelled and the child's initial preference
25. According to Bandura, efficacy perceptions are affected most strongly by:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Performance accomplishments
Vicarious experience
Vicarious emotional responses
Outcome expectancies
26. A criticism of the learning perspective is that:
a. It does not reveal much about how a given behaviour becomes more or less probable
b. It does not address the subjective sense of what it means to have a personality i.e., of
"personhood"
c. It applies only to certain types or domains of behaviour
d. None of the above
27. The function of the self-actualizing tendency is to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Promote wholeness
Minimize disorganization
Enhance integration
All of the above
28. According to Maslow's hierarchy, the correct order of needs, beginning with the most
basic, is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Physiological - love - safety - esteem - self-actualization
Physiological - esteem - safety - love - self-actualization
Physiological - safety - love - esteem - self-actualization
Physiological - safety - esteem - love - self-actualization
29. The cognitive perspective emphasizes the processes by which information:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Creates expectancies
Is processed, organised, stored and retrieved
Is transferred through universal symbols
Is encoded in genetic makeup
30. Which of the following is not a similarity between the self-actualization and the selfregulation approaches?
a. Both emphasize the importance of goals
b. Both use concepts referring to an idealized self
c. Both emphasize the fact that people compare their different elements of self to each
other
d. Both place emphasis on conscious experience