Name _______________________________ Date __________________ Science SOL ES.8 1. What is true about the two principal sets of mountain ranges in North America? A Both were created a very long time ago by sea-floor spreading along mid-ocean ridges. B Both came into existence at about the same geologic time. C The western mountains (Rockies) are taller than the ones in the East (Appalachians) because the eastern mountains are still growing. D The western mountains (Rockies) are taller than the ones in the East (Appalachians) because the eastern mountains have been worn down by erosion. 2. The mountains of the western part of Virginia and their rolling foothills to the west of the river fall-line are the result of what geologic process? A B C D faulting in the Earth’s crust volcanism and subduction folding and weathering sedimentation and erosion Use the following diagram to answer the next three questions. 3. Order the top three rock layers from oldest to most recent. A B C D sandstone, shale, limestone limestone, shale, sandstone shale, limestone, sandstone sandstone, limestone, shale 4. The feature indicated by the arrow most likely occurred as a result of what? A B C D cementation sedimentation earthquake activity volcanic eruption 5. Which of the four types of rocks shown are often porous? A B C D sandstone only sandstone and shale sandstone, shale, and limestone All four can be porous. 6. At the boundary between two lithospheric plates, where a light continental plate and a dense oceanic plate collide, what generally happens? A B C D The oceanic plate is forced down under the continental plate. The two plates just stop moving. Mountains develop on edge of the oceanic plate. The continental slips under the ocean plate. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © 1999, 2000 S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 21 Do not reproduce without permission. 07-15-00 Name _______________________________ Date __________________ Science SOL ES.8 7. Of the following processes, which is a description of “weathering”? C A Volcanoes erupt, sending out great clouds of steam, gases, and suspended solid particles, thus changing the climate worldwide. B The effect of wind, water, and alternate cooling and heating, break rocks. D C Water vapor turns to rain, which falls to Earth. D The sun heats tropical air and water masses which flow toward the temperate zones. 8. Many scientists believe that convection currents in the mantle between South America and Africa caused the separation of the two continents and the formation of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Which diagram best represents the currents described in their theory? 9. The diagram below illustrates which type of mass movement? Tilted fenceposts and telephone poles Broken wall A Zone of soil Strata bending downhill B A B C D slump talus landslide creep _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © 1999, 2000 S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 22 Do not reproduce without permission. 07-15-00 Name _______________________________ Date __________________ Science SOL ES.8 10. When two continental plates collide, what landform develops? 12. Which rock is the youngest in this cross-section? A B C D A B C D rift zone valley mountains trench 11. What would be the correct sequence for the development of a mature river? 1 3 A B C D A B G F 13. Which two layers show unconformity? 2 A B C D 4 14. What caused the shift in layers B, D, and E? 1, 2, 3, 4 2, 3, 4, 1 1, 3, 4, 2 4, 2, 3, 1 A B C D F and D A and B E and F C and D folding faulting rifting weathering Profile of the James River A B C Use this diagram to answer the next three questions. D E 15. At which location does the James River enter the Coastal Plain? A B C D A B C D _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © 1999, 2000 S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 23 Do not reproduce without permission. 07-15-00 Name _______________________________ Date __________________ Science SOL ES.8 16. Between which two points would the greatest erosion occur? 20. Where will the velocity decrease and deposition occur? A B C D A B C D A to B B to C C to D D to E A B C D 17. Which point on the diagram represents the Fall Line? 21. Where will erosion be the greatest? A B C D A B C D B C D E 18. In which province of Virginia does the James originate? A B C D 22. Where is the velocity slowest? A B C D Appalachian Plateau Blue Ridge Mountains Valley and Ridge Piedmont A B C D A B C D Use the Diagram of a River to answer the next four questions. Diagram of a River A B C D 19. Where will the velocity be the greatest? A B C D A B C D _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © 1999, 2000 S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 24 Do not reproduce without permission. 07-15-00 Name _______________________________ Date __________________ Science SOL ES.8 Use this chart the answer the next four questions. MAJOR DIVISIONS OF GEOLOGIC TIME IN USE BY THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY EON ERA PERIOD OR SYSTEM EPOCH OR SERIES APPROX. NUMBER OF MILLIONS YEARS AGO APPROX. LENGTH IN MILLIONS OF YEARS Quarternary Recent Pleistocene Pliocene Miocene Oligocene Eocene Paleocene 0 – .1 .1 – 1.6 1.6 – 12 12 – 28 28 – 40 .1 .6 10.4 15 12 40 – 66.4 26.4 Cenozoic Tertiary Mesozoic Cretaceous Jurassic Triassic 66.4 – 144 144 – 208 208 – 245 77.6 64 37 Paleozoic Permian Pennsylvanian Mississippian Devonian Silurian Ordovocian Cambrian 245 – 286 286 – 320 320 – 360 360 – 408 408 – 438 438 – 505 505 – 570 41 34 40 48 30 67 65 570 – 900 900 – 1,600 1,600 – 2,500 330 700 900 Phanerozoic Proterozoic Archearn Late Proterozoic (Z) Middle Proterozoic (Y) Early Proterozoic (X) Oldest known rocks in U. S. 3,600 million years; oldest rocks: 3,900; Earth’s age: 4,800. 23. The sediments of the Fall Line formed from 140 to 1 million years ago. In which era were they initially deposited? A B C D cenozoic mesozoic paleozoic protozoic 24. Triassic rock layers are found in the Piedmont. They were formed how many million years ago? A B C D 208-245 28-40 144-208 245-286 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © 1999, 2000 S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 25 Do not reproduce without permission. 07-15-00 Name _______________________________ Date __________________ Science SOL ES.8 25. The coastal plain is the youngest area of Virginia to be formed. In which era did this occur? A B C D paleozoic cenozoic mesozoic proterozoic 26. Rocks in the Blue Ridge are approximately 1.2 million years old. They were formed in which era? A B C D Continue proterozoic archean cenozoic paleozoic 27. The faults shown are due to which of the following earth movements? A B C D compression shearing tension none of the above _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © 1999, 2000 S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 26 Do not reproduce without permission. 07-15-00 Name _______________________________ Date __________________ Science SOL ES.8 Use the table below to answer the next two questions. Earthquakes In and Around Virginia Date {Year-MoDay} Maximum Intensity 1774-02-21 1833-08-27 1852-04-29 1852-11-02 1875-12-23 1885-10-10 1897-08-03 1897-08-03 1897-08-31 1898-02-05 1907-02-11 1918-04-10 1919-09-06 1929-12-26 1954-01-02 1969-11-20 1975-11-11 1976-09-13 VI VI VI VI VII VI VII VIII VII VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI Felt Area {Sq. Miles} Locality 58,000 52,000 174,500 32,000 50,000 25,000 280,000 280,000 34,000 5,600 65,000 65,000 1,000 1,000 2,050 100,000 100,000 9,000 Petersburg Goochland County Greyson County BuckinghamCounty BuckinghamCounty Nelson County Giles County Giles County Wytheville Arvoniz Luray Warren County Albemarle County Bell County, KY; Lee County Giles County Elgood, WV; Rich Creek, VA Giles County Carroll County 28. The majority of earthquakes of VI magnitude or greater have occurred in which county? 30. The earthquake region of Virginia is unstable due to what geological occurrence? A B C D A B C D Buckingham Nelson Giles Warren sandstone formation karst region old granite bedrock heavily eroded bedrock 29. The first earthquake recorded occurred where? A B C D Carroll County Petersburg Giles County Warren County _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © 1999, 2000 S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 27 Do not reproduce without permission. 07-15-00 Name _______________________________ Date __________________ Science SOL ES.8 31. Which two of the following provinces of Virginia are prone to earthquakes? 32. Why is there a concentration of epicenters in eastern Tennessee? A B C D A B C D Coastal Plain and Piedmont Piedmont and Ridge and Valley Ridge and Valley and Plateau Blue Ridge and Coastal Plain the area is a hotspot of volcanic activity the area sits above an old rift zone the area sits above a minor fault line the epicenters were recorded from rebound P waves 33. The physiographic provinces of Virginia run from northeast to southwest. Which of the following theories explains this direction? A B C D During the Pangean era, the state of Virginia was bent due to rifting. The African continent slammed into North America, causing the shift. Glaciation shifted the geological landscape. Weathering of landforms changed the topographic landscape. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © 1999, 2000 S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 28 Do not reproduce without permission. 07-15-00 Name _______________________________ Date __________________ Science SOL ES.8 34. The eastern boundary of the Piedmont is the Fall Line. What is the Fall Line? A B C D an area formed by the meeting of fresh and tidal waters an area formed by deep channels in the coastal rivers an area where two environmentally diverse areas meet an area of large rapids, making western river travel impossible 35. The Ridge and Valley province was formed from which type of orogeny? A B C D the folding of the area due to the collision of Africa and North America the rifting of Pangea into separate continents the shifting of faults causing the uplifting of mountains the ancient volcanic activity being eroded away by time _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © 1999, 2000 S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 29 Do not reproduce without permission. 07-15-00