Mental and Emotional Study Guide
Name
Period
1. Dimensions of health:

Emotional health: a dimension of health that involves ____________,
____________, outlook on life and _____________ about yourself.

Intellectual health: a dimension of health that involves your ability to
think ________________ and _________________, learn, and
___________ problems.

________________ health: a dimension of health that involves your
____________, including ____________ fitness and the ability to cope
with everyday ______________ tasks.

____________________ health: a dimension of health that involves your
________________________ skills, _____________________, and
ability to interact with ________________.
2. Emotions – are the ________________ and __________________ you experience
3. Managing emotions

First, _____________ the emotions you are _____________

Second, try to ___________________ and ______________ the emotions

Third, ___________ your emotions

Finally, find a way to make yourself feel better
4. Develop Resilience and coping skills:

___________________, _________________, and _______________ are
a normal part of life.

Feeling ___________, _________________ and _______________
during these times are normal.

Developing ____________ skills can help you through the more difficult
times.
5. Optimism: the _________ to keep a _____________ outlook.
6. Resilience: the ____________ to __________ from traumatic or _____________
events.
7. Emotional Intelligence

People with ___________ emotional intelligence can ____________ the
______________ they are feeling and ________________ the emotions of
others.

They have high levels of _____________

_____________: the ability to _____________ yourself in someone else’s
place, and to understand someone else’s ____________, ____________,
and point of view.
8. Characteristics of high emotional intelligence:

____________________: they understand their emotions and how those
emotions impact people around them. They also feel comfortable relaying
on their _____________, and have a good sense of their own
___________ and _________________.

_____________________: they can control their feelings and impulses
and act with careful deliberation and integrity.

__________________: they are willing to work on challenging tasks and
are highly productive.

______________ skills: they work well with other people, help build and
maintain relationships, and resolve _____________ in ________________
ways.
9. Forming an identity

Your identity (who you are) includes
o _____________ identity: gender, race, age, physical
characteristics, such as height, weight, and hair color.
o Active Identity: _________________ in particular _____________
and interests, such as __________, _____________, and
community service.
o _____________ identity: connection to other people including
family members, friends, and group members.
o ________________ identity: internal thoughts and feelings
10. Gender Identity – a person’s ________________ makeup (male or female) AND
how a person __________________ or ________________ that makeup.

Young children learn gender _____________ by ___________ years of
age.

Gender Role - ______________ and ______________ that a society
considers “appropriate for males and females.

Gender identity is influences in part by a person’s ______________

________________ typically associates certain _________ with
______________ (being female) and _______________ (being male).
Societal perceptions of feminine and masculine traits, however, are
_________________.

______________________: a term that describes a person who exhibits
feminine and masculine traits _____________.

Gender stereotypes – culturally defined _____________________ about
what it means to be male or female. Believing that only girls should play
with dolls or only boys should play with trucks is gender stereotyping.
11. Ethnic Identity

Ethnicity is a person’s connection to a ____________ group that shares
similar _______________ and _______________ ties.

People may define their ethnicity through traditions, language, religious
practices, and cultural values.
12. Emotional and social changes

Many teenagers experience changes in their emotions and social relations
-
13. Moral development

Adolescents show changes in how they think about ___________
decisions

By the time they reach ________________________, teenagers have
typically formed their own __________ code.

They can use this code to decide how to act in situations.
14. Understanding self-esteem:

Your _______-___________ is your ___________ picture of yourself.
(your appearance, skills, abilities, and weaknesses)

Your _______-___________ forms gradually over time

It is influenced by your _______ ________________.

Self-esteem describes how you __________ about_______________

People who like themselves have ____________ self-esteem

People who have ________ self-esteem doubt their own self-___________
15. Why self-esteem matters:

Your self-esteem has a __________ impact on different aspects of your
life.
-
16. Many factors can affect self-esteem






17. Self-actualization is the _____________ that you are becoming the _________
person that you can be.
18. Stress- the body’s ________________ and __________________ response to
___________________ or challenging situations
19. Stressors – any factor that causes ________________
20. Types of stressors:

Acute stress - ____________ or short lived

Chronic stress – lasting over a ________________ period of ___________

Caused by _______________ events or _______________ struggles

________________ as well as __________________
21. Acute stress is ________________(example: a ____________________)
22. Chronic stress is ___________________ (example: stress over an
_______________neighborhood)
23. The body can manage ______________stress, but _____________ stress harms
the body
24. Major Life events versus Daily hassles

Major events (____________, a parent’s ___________) are the most
_____________ in a person’s life

Daily hassles (being __________, losing _________) create more
_______________ stress since they occur ___________________
25. Positive stress - Stress can produce ________________ feelings, such as
____________________ before a big ___________ or _____________________
to do well on a ___________. Positive events, such as the ___________ of a
sibling, can cause stress because they increase _______________________.
26. Sources of stress for a teenager

_________________________(conflict with family, friends, and peers)

School (_______________ pressure; balancing __________________
with other ___________________)

Home ___________________ (crowded, noisy, lack of privacy; lack of
food or money; crime in your neighborhood)

Inner ________________ (making difficult life ______________)
27. Stages of stress - The body’s response to stress can be divided into three stages:



28. Alarm Stage :

Your body _______________ all of its resources to fight off a
______________, either by ________________or _______________
from the threat.

This physiological reaction to a threat is called the fight-or-flight response.
29. Fight-or-Flight:

Increase ______________ rate, blood __________, and
________________ production

Pupils __________ to improve your _________________

Other body ______________ are ________________ or
_______________ down (such as digestion and reproduction). This allows
your body to focus its resources where they are most needed.
30. Resistance Stage:

Your body continues to devote ____________ to __________________
its ____________________ response to the threat.

Heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing are still _______________
31. Exhaustion Stage:

If the threat ____________, the body may __________ in a state of
physiological arousal for a _____________ time.

The body’s resources will be ___________ up and _________________
will occur.
32. The body’s response to stress

People who experience _____________ stress are at greater risk of
developing a number of _____________ and _____________, including:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
33. Stress and body systems

______________ system—the __________, sensing a ___________,
sends out _____________to mobilize the body

Endocrine system—produces stress hormones, ___________________
and ______________________

____________________________ system—pumps blood at a faster rate

Immune system—gets fewer resources to produce disease-fighting
______________________

Reproductive system—stress hormones such as ______________ cause
sex hormones to decrease, reducing _________________
34. Stress and your mental and emotional health

Stress affects _____________________ abilities (thinking and
________________), leading to
o Trouble ________________
o Risk of __________________
o ____________________ thoughts
o Impulsive decisions
o Forgetfulness (stress hormones disrupt the ___________________
- the brain’s memory center)
35. Stress and emotional problems

Stress can cause many emotions: ___________, anxiety, helplessness,
_____________, shock, or ____________________

Chronic stress can lead to __________________, a feeling of low selfworth and ________________________ in life

Extremely stressful events can cause post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD)
36. Post-traumatic stress disorder

May occur after a person experiences and extremely
____________________ or upsetting _________________.

These events include natural disasters, __________, terrorist events, and
sexual ________________.
37. Symptoms of PTSD

_____________________ and recurring thoughts about the event

Feeling______________, numb, uncaring, irritable, angry, or guilty

Inability to ____________________ parts of the event

Lack of interest in normal activities

__________________________ of people associated with the event

Being easily startled

Difficulty _______________________

Difficulty sleeping
38. Stress and behavioral problems

Stress can lead to behavioral problems

__________________ (arguments and domestic violence)

__________________ lifestyle ______________(smoking, drinking,
taking drugs, bad eating habits, infrequent exercise, lack of sleep)
39. Managing Stress

Tips for reducing or avoiding stress:
o Manage ____________ (plan ahead)
o Set ______________ by saying _______ when too busy
o Stay ________________
o _________________ yourself
o Laugh
o Use ________________ techniques
o Take care of yourself
o Express feelings to a friend or in a ________________
40. Staying positive

Use positive ____________________ to focus on the positives of a
stressful event

______________ yourself—go for a walk, read, or volunteer

Watch a funny movie or talk to a friend who makes you laugh
41. Relaxation Techniques

_______________________________ – decreases heart rate and blood
pressure

_____________________ – imagining being in a pleasant environment.

________________ Muscle Relaxation – tensing then relaxing each part
of your body.

______________________ – clear your mind

_______________ - a series of postures and breathing exercises
42. Express your feelings

Talk to a friend or family member – one of the best strategies for
managing stress is to talk to the people who you trust

Write in a _______________– reflecting on problems can also help
release and manage stress.
43. When to seek professional help

Seek the help of a ___________, social worker, _______________, or
psychologist

After experiencing major stress such as the death of a loved one or
parents’ divorce

When you’ve experienced stress for more than a couple of
____________________
44. Mental Illnesses and Disorders

Mental ________________ – a medical condition in which a person
experiences ____________ or __________________ problems severe or
persistent enough to interfere with ____________ functioning; also known
as a mental ___________________

The terms mental illness and mental disorder are often used
interchangeably because they both refer to serious mental health
conditions.

__________________ and ___________________ are two of the most
common types of mental illnesses.
45. Anxiety

Symptoms of anxiety include:
o _________________ heart rate
o Rapid ______________
o Sweaty palms
o Upset ________________

People who experience these symptoms on a ________________ basis
may have an anxiety disorder
46. Anxiety _________________ – a mental illness characterized by _____________
or ____________________ worries about __________ events, experiences, or
objects.
47. Types of anxiety disorders

_____________ disorder – experience panic _____________(episodes of
intense _________ that are often accompanied by serious
______________ symptoms.

__________________ anxiety disorder - causes extreme or unrealistic
worries over daily experiences

_______________ – extreme anxiety caused by specific objects or
situations. (e.g., social phobia or social anxiety disorder)

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) – persistent and obsessive thoughts
or feelings that they manage by engaging in
__________________behavior.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - occurs after a terrifying event or
experience
48. Depression

Depression is a feeling of _______________, loneliness, and
__________________ to care about anything

Most people experience __________________ at some point in their lives,
but the feelings typically go away over time

Depression that lasts a long time or is especially severe is called
______________ depression or _________________ depression
49. Major Depression

Symptoms of major depression:
o Extreme ___________________ and lack of ______________
o Difficulty ______________________
o Difficulty _____________________
o Irritability, anger, and _______________
o Recurrent thoughts of ________________

Major depression is very intense and lasts for __________ weeks or more.
People experience changes in thinking and behavior. If left untreated, it
can have serious effects.
50. __________________ Disorder

Characterized by intense periods of __________________ closely
followed by extreme positive, or ______________ feelings

Symptoms of a manic mood may include poor ___________________,
little need for sleep, hyperactive behavior, and lack of
__________________________.
51. ______________________________ : A mental illness characterized by
delusions, hallucinations, and irregular thoughts
52. Personality Disorder - A consistent pattern of _______________________
behavior

People with _______________________ personality disorder disregard
rules and are indifferent to other people’s rights and feelings

People with _____________________ personality disorder have unstable
self-esteem and relationships
53. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

People with ASD have problems with normal ______________________
interactions

Symptoms include
o Avoiding _________ contact
o Failing to __________________ when spoken to
o Engaging in _____________________ motions or unusual
behaviors
o Needing a familiar ________________
o Using gestures inappropriately
o Having delayed __________________________ development
54. Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD or ADHD)

ADD and ADHD are the most __________________ mental disorders in
children and adolescents

Symptoms
o Difficulty __________________, organizing and completing
_____________, sitting still, and listening to instructions
o Becoming _______________ quickly
o ___________________ too much or blurting out inappropriate
things
55. Eating Disorders



56. Causes of Mental Illnesses

The causes of most mental illnesses and disorders are unknown

They may be caused by a combination of
o
o
o
57. Biological Factors: Genetics

Certain _____________ inherited from parents can give someone a
genetic ______________________________ for mental illness, meaning
they are more likely to develop that illness

Genes influence the levels of _________________ in the brain

Low __________________ can cause depression

People with high levels of ____________________ may have
schizophrenia
58. Biological Factors: Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) such as a __________________ results from
a severe blow or jolt to the head that damages the brain

Brain injuries can lead to _________________ or __________________
changes in the brain, including
o Depression
o
o Personality changes
o
o Substance abuse to control mood and pain
59. Symptoms of a concussion

Disorientation and confusion


Weakness


Unconsciousness
60. Biological Factors: Prenatal Environment

Developing babies risk mental illness if the mother:
o Uses _____________ or ______________
o Eats ______________
o Has ______________ or trauma
o Is exposed to a virus, toxins, or certain chemicals
o Babies may also experience brain damage during a difficult
____________
61. Environmental Factors

Mental disorders can be triggered by stressful events and experiences in a
person’s environment
o Death of a loved one
o
o Family conflict
o
o Moving or changing jobs or schools
o
o Substance abuse
62. Psychological Factors

Unhealthy thinking ________________, or cognitive ________________,
can lead to mental disorders

Examples include black-and-white thinking and catastrophizing

Changing these ways of thinking can improve mental health
63. Why do people commit suicide?

People consider suicide because they believe their _______ can never get
_______________

A mental illness such as ________________ is often the cause of these
feelings

It is important for people to get __________ if they are contemplating
suicide
64. Risk factors for suicide:

Past suicide ______________

A history of mental illness or __________________________

Troubled ____________ environment

Crisis such as financial hardship

Experience of ___________, neglect, or _____________________

Hearing about someone else who has committed suicide (this can lead to a
suicide ____________ or suicide_______________)
o Suicide contagion – __________________ of suicide attempts
o Suicide clusters – a ____________ of suicides in a
_____________________ over a relatively ____________ period
of time
65. Impact of suicide on others:

_________________ who have lost a loved one to suicide may feel
o _____________for not being able to prevent the death
o ________________________ and rejection
o Embarrassment or shame
o Since others feel uncomfortable with the topic of suicide, survivors
may not get the _______________ they need
66. How can you help prevent suicide? What warning signs can you look for?

Take any mention of suicide _________________. When someone
threatens suicide, or if you are thinking of suicide, get __________
immediately. Find a trusted adult, call 911, or phone a suicide hotline to
reach a counselor.

Look for warning signs such as
o Changes in _____________ and ________________ habits
o ______________________ from friends, family, and regular
activities
o Disregard for personal appearance
o Giving away ________________________
o Loss of _____________________ in activities previously enjoyed
67. Barriers to seeking help

Social _________________
o Negative and unfair ______________ about mental illness that can
make people _________________ to seek help

Cost of ____________________
o Health insurance may cover part of the expense; some clinics offer
reduced rates or no cost
68. Treatments for mental health concerns

___________________ therapy

__________________ therapy

Support groups

____________________, often used in combination with therapy

Inpatient treatment received round-the-clock in a hospital
69. Medications for mental health

__________________________ treat depression by making chemicals
such as ________________ more available

___________________ for ADD/ADHD help increase
____________________ and __________________ in the brain,
improving memory and attention span

Medication for _______________ helps slow down the central nervous
system

_______________________ help manage schizophrenia

_________________ helps control the highs and lows of bipolar disorder

Medications may help people manage withdrawal from addictions and
substance abuse