Mental and Emotional Study Guide Name Period 1. Dimensions of health: Emotional health: a dimension of health that involves ____________, ____________, outlook on life and _____________ about yourself. Intellectual health: a dimension of health that involves your ability to think ________________ and _________________, learn, and ___________ problems. ________________ health: a dimension of health that involves your ____________, including ____________ fitness and the ability to cope with everyday ______________ tasks. ____________________ health: a dimension of health that involves your ________________________ skills, _____________________, and ability to interact with ________________. 2. Emotions – are the ________________ and __________________ you experience 3. Managing emotions First, _____________ the emotions you are _____________ Second, try to ___________________ and ______________ the emotions Third, ___________ your emotions Finally, find a way to make yourself feel better 4. Develop Resilience and coping skills: ___________________, _________________, and _______________ are a normal part of life. Feeling ___________, _________________ and _______________ during these times are normal. Developing ____________ skills can help you through the more difficult times. 5. Optimism: the _________ to keep a _____________ outlook. 6. Resilience: the ____________ to __________ from traumatic or _____________ events. 7. Emotional Intelligence People with ___________ emotional intelligence can ____________ the ______________ they are feeling and ________________ the emotions of others. They have high levels of _____________ _____________: the ability to _____________ yourself in someone else’s place, and to understand someone else’s ____________, ____________, and point of view. 8. Characteristics of high emotional intelligence: ____________________: they understand their emotions and how those emotions impact people around them. They also feel comfortable relaying on their _____________, and have a good sense of their own ___________ and _________________. _____________________: they can control their feelings and impulses and act with careful deliberation and integrity. __________________: they are willing to work on challenging tasks and are highly productive. ______________ skills: they work well with other people, help build and maintain relationships, and resolve _____________ in ________________ ways. 9. Forming an identity Your identity (who you are) includes o _____________ identity: gender, race, age, physical characteristics, such as height, weight, and hair color. o Active Identity: _________________ in particular _____________ and interests, such as __________, _____________, and community service. o _____________ identity: connection to other people including family members, friends, and group members. o ________________ identity: internal thoughts and feelings 10. Gender Identity – a person’s ________________ makeup (male or female) AND how a person __________________ or ________________ that makeup. Young children learn gender _____________ by ___________ years of age. Gender Role - ______________ and ______________ that a society considers “appropriate for males and females. Gender identity is influences in part by a person’s ______________ ________________ typically associates certain _________ with ______________ (being female) and _______________ (being male). Societal perceptions of feminine and masculine traits, however, are _________________. ______________________: a term that describes a person who exhibits feminine and masculine traits _____________. Gender stereotypes – culturally defined _____________________ about what it means to be male or female. Believing that only girls should play with dolls or only boys should play with trucks is gender stereotyping. 11. Ethnic Identity Ethnicity is a person’s connection to a ____________ group that shares similar _______________ and _______________ ties. People may define their ethnicity through traditions, language, religious practices, and cultural values. 12. Emotional and social changes Many teenagers experience changes in their emotions and social relations - 13. Moral development Adolescents show changes in how they think about ___________ decisions By the time they reach ________________________, teenagers have typically formed their own __________ code. They can use this code to decide how to act in situations. 14. Understanding self-esteem: Your _______-___________ is your ___________ picture of yourself. (your appearance, skills, abilities, and weaknesses) Your _______-___________ forms gradually over time It is influenced by your _______ ________________. Self-esteem describes how you __________ about_______________ People who like themselves have ____________ self-esteem People who have ________ self-esteem doubt their own self-___________ 15. Why self-esteem matters: Your self-esteem has a __________ impact on different aspects of your life. - 16. Many factors can affect self-esteem 17. Self-actualization is the _____________ that you are becoming the _________ person that you can be. 18. Stress- the body’s ________________ and __________________ response to ___________________ or challenging situations 19. Stressors – any factor that causes ________________ 20. Types of stressors: Acute stress - ____________ or short lived Chronic stress – lasting over a ________________ period of ___________ Caused by _______________ events or _______________ struggles ________________ as well as __________________ 21. Acute stress is ________________(example: a ____________________) 22. Chronic stress is ___________________ (example: stress over an _______________neighborhood) 23. The body can manage ______________stress, but _____________ stress harms the body 24. Major Life events versus Daily hassles Major events (____________, a parent’s ___________) are the most _____________ in a person’s life Daily hassles (being __________, losing _________) create more _______________ stress since they occur ___________________ 25. Positive stress - Stress can produce ________________ feelings, such as ____________________ before a big ___________ or _____________________ to do well on a ___________. Positive events, such as the ___________ of a sibling, can cause stress because they increase _______________________. 26. Sources of stress for a teenager _________________________(conflict with family, friends, and peers) School (_______________ pressure; balancing __________________ with other ___________________) Home ___________________ (crowded, noisy, lack of privacy; lack of food or money; crime in your neighborhood) Inner ________________ (making difficult life ______________) 27. Stages of stress - The body’s response to stress can be divided into three stages: 28. Alarm Stage : Your body _______________ all of its resources to fight off a ______________, either by ________________or _______________ from the threat. This physiological reaction to a threat is called the fight-or-flight response. 29. Fight-or-Flight: Increase ______________ rate, blood __________, and ________________ production Pupils __________ to improve your _________________ Other body ______________ are ________________ or _______________ down (such as digestion and reproduction). This allows your body to focus its resources where they are most needed. 30. Resistance Stage: Your body continues to devote ____________ to __________________ its ____________________ response to the threat. Heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing are still _______________ 31. Exhaustion Stage: If the threat ____________, the body may __________ in a state of physiological arousal for a _____________ time. The body’s resources will be ___________ up and _________________ will occur. 32. The body’s response to stress People who experience _____________ stress are at greater risk of developing a number of _____________ and _____________, including: * * * * * * * * 33. Stress and body systems ______________ system—the __________, sensing a ___________, sends out _____________to mobilize the body Endocrine system—produces stress hormones, ___________________ and ______________________ ____________________________ system—pumps blood at a faster rate Immune system—gets fewer resources to produce disease-fighting ______________________ Reproductive system—stress hormones such as ______________ cause sex hormones to decrease, reducing _________________ 34. Stress and your mental and emotional health Stress affects _____________________ abilities (thinking and ________________), leading to o Trouble ________________ o Risk of __________________ o ____________________ thoughts o Impulsive decisions o Forgetfulness (stress hormones disrupt the ___________________ - the brain’s memory center) 35. Stress and emotional problems Stress can cause many emotions: ___________, anxiety, helplessness, _____________, shock, or ____________________ Chronic stress can lead to __________________, a feeling of low selfworth and ________________________ in life Extremely stressful events can cause post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 36. Post-traumatic stress disorder May occur after a person experiences and extremely ____________________ or upsetting _________________. These events include natural disasters, __________, terrorist events, and sexual ________________. 37. Symptoms of PTSD _____________________ and recurring thoughts about the event Feeling______________, numb, uncaring, irritable, angry, or guilty Inability to ____________________ parts of the event Lack of interest in normal activities __________________________ of people associated with the event Being easily startled Difficulty _______________________ Difficulty sleeping 38. Stress and behavioral problems Stress can lead to behavioral problems __________________ (arguments and domestic violence) __________________ lifestyle ______________(smoking, drinking, taking drugs, bad eating habits, infrequent exercise, lack of sleep) 39. Managing Stress Tips for reducing or avoiding stress: o Manage ____________ (plan ahead) o Set ______________ by saying _______ when too busy o Stay ________________ o _________________ yourself o Laugh o Use ________________ techniques o Take care of yourself o Express feelings to a friend or in a ________________ 40. Staying positive Use positive ____________________ to focus on the positives of a stressful event ______________ yourself—go for a walk, read, or volunteer Watch a funny movie or talk to a friend who makes you laugh 41. Relaxation Techniques _______________________________ – decreases heart rate and blood pressure _____________________ – imagining being in a pleasant environment. ________________ Muscle Relaxation – tensing then relaxing each part of your body. ______________________ – clear your mind _______________ - a series of postures and breathing exercises 42. Express your feelings Talk to a friend or family member – one of the best strategies for managing stress is to talk to the people who you trust Write in a _______________– reflecting on problems can also help release and manage stress. 43. When to seek professional help Seek the help of a ___________, social worker, _______________, or psychologist After experiencing major stress such as the death of a loved one or parents’ divorce When you’ve experienced stress for more than a couple of ____________________ 44. Mental Illnesses and Disorders Mental ________________ – a medical condition in which a person experiences ____________ or __________________ problems severe or persistent enough to interfere with ____________ functioning; also known as a mental ___________________ The terms mental illness and mental disorder are often used interchangeably because they both refer to serious mental health conditions. __________________ and ___________________ are two of the most common types of mental illnesses. 45. Anxiety Symptoms of anxiety include: o _________________ heart rate o Rapid ______________ o Sweaty palms o Upset ________________ People who experience these symptoms on a ________________ basis may have an anxiety disorder 46. Anxiety _________________ – a mental illness characterized by _____________ or ____________________ worries about __________ events, experiences, or objects. 47. Types of anxiety disorders _____________ disorder – experience panic _____________(episodes of intense _________ that are often accompanied by serious ______________ symptoms. __________________ anxiety disorder - causes extreme or unrealistic worries over daily experiences _______________ – extreme anxiety caused by specific objects or situations. (e.g., social phobia or social anxiety disorder) Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) – persistent and obsessive thoughts or feelings that they manage by engaging in __________________behavior. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - occurs after a terrifying event or experience 48. Depression Depression is a feeling of _______________, loneliness, and __________________ to care about anything Most people experience __________________ at some point in their lives, but the feelings typically go away over time Depression that lasts a long time or is especially severe is called ______________ depression or _________________ depression 49. Major Depression Symptoms of major depression: o Extreme ___________________ and lack of ______________ o Difficulty ______________________ o Difficulty _____________________ o Irritability, anger, and _______________ o Recurrent thoughts of ________________ Major depression is very intense and lasts for __________ weeks or more. People experience changes in thinking and behavior. If left untreated, it can have serious effects. 50. __________________ Disorder Characterized by intense periods of __________________ closely followed by extreme positive, or ______________ feelings Symptoms of a manic mood may include poor ___________________, little need for sleep, hyperactive behavior, and lack of __________________________. 51. ______________________________ : A mental illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and irregular thoughts 52. Personality Disorder - A consistent pattern of _______________________ behavior People with _______________________ personality disorder disregard rules and are indifferent to other people’s rights and feelings People with _____________________ personality disorder have unstable self-esteem and relationships 53. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) People with ASD have problems with normal ______________________ interactions Symptoms include o Avoiding _________ contact o Failing to __________________ when spoken to o Engaging in _____________________ motions or unusual behaviors o Needing a familiar ________________ o Using gestures inappropriately o Having delayed __________________________ development 54. Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD or ADHD) ADD and ADHD are the most __________________ mental disorders in children and adolescents Symptoms o Difficulty __________________, organizing and completing _____________, sitting still, and listening to instructions o Becoming _______________ quickly o ___________________ too much or blurting out inappropriate things 55. Eating Disorders 56. Causes of Mental Illnesses The causes of most mental illnesses and disorders are unknown They may be caused by a combination of o o o 57. Biological Factors: Genetics Certain _____________ inherited from parents can give someone a genetic ______________________________ for mental illness, meaning they are more likely to develop that illness Genes influence the levels of _________________ in the brain Low __________________ can cause depression People with high levels of ____________________ may have schizophrenia 58. Biological Factors: Brain Injury Traumatic brain injury (TBI) such as a __________________ results from a severe blow or jolt to the head that damages the brain Brain injuries can lead to _________________ or __________________ changes in the brain, including o Depression o o Personality changes o o Substance abuse to control mood and pain 59. Symptoms of a concussion Disorientation and confusion Weakness Unconsciousness 60. Biological Factors: Prenatal Environment Developing babies risk mental illness if the mother: o Uses _____________ or ______________ o Eats ______________ o Has ______________ or trauma o Is exposed to a virus, toxins, or certain chemicals o Babies may also experience brain damage during a difficult ____________ 61. Environmental Factors Mental disorders can be triggered by stressful events and experiences in a person’s environment o Death of a loved one o o Family conflict o o Moving or changing jobs or schools o o Substance abuse 62. Psychological Factors Unhealthy thinking ________________, or cognitive ________________, can lead to mental disorders Examples include black-and-white thinking and catastrophizing Changing these ways of thinking can improve mental health 63. Why do people commit suicide? People consider suicide because they believe their _______ can never get _______________ A mental illness such as ________________ is often the cause of these feelings It is important for people to get __________ if they are contemplating suicide 64. Risk factors for suicide: Past suicide ______________ A history of mental illness or __________________________ Troubled ____________ environment Crisis such as financial hardship Experience of ___________, neglect, or _____________________ Hearing about someone else who has committed suicide (this can lead to a suicide ____________ or suicide_______________) o Suicide contagion – __________________ of suicide attempts o Suicide clusters – a ____________ of suicides in a _____________________ over a relatively ____________ period of time 65. Impact of suicide on others: _________________ who have lost a loved one to suicide may feel o _____________for not being able to prevent the death o ________________________ and rejection o Embarrassment or shame o Since others feel uncomfortable with the topic of suicide, survivors may not get the _______________ they need 66. How can you help prevent suicide? What warning signs can you look for? Take any mention of suicide _________________. When someone threatens suicide, or if you are thinking of suicide, get __________ immediately. Find a trusted adult, call 911, or phone a suicide hotline to reach a counselor. Look for warning signs such as o Changes in _____________ and ________________ habits o ______________________ from friends, family, and regular activities o Disregard for personal appearance o Giving away ________________________ o Loss of _____________________ in activities previously enjoyed 67. Barriers to seeking help Social _________________ o Negative and unfair ______________ about mental illness that can make people _________________ to seek help Cost of ____________________ o Health insurance may cover part of the expense; some clinics offer reduced rates or no cost 68. Treatments for mental health concerns ___________________ therapy __________________ therapy Support groups ____________________, often used in combination with therapy Inpatient treatment received round-the-clock in a hospital 69. Medications for mental health __________________________ treat depression by making chemicals such as ________________ more available ___________________ for ADD/ADHD help increase ____________________ and __________________ in the brain, improving memory and attention span Medication for _______________ helps slow down the central nervous system _______________________ help manage schizophrenia _________________ helps control the highs and lows of bipolar disorder Medications may help people manage withdrawal from addictions and substance abuse