Ch 18 Climate and climate change Review
Modified True/False. Change the identified word or phrase to make sentence correct.
1. The main factors that affect an area’s temperature are prevailing winds and
mountains.
2. Oceans make the temperatures of nearby land more extreme.
3. In winter in the Southern Hemisphere, the south end of Earth’s axis is tilted away from
the sun.
4. Temperate continental climates have cold winters.
5. An arid or semiarid climate occurs where precipitation is greater than potential
evaporation.
6. Scientists assume that an organism’s ancestors required a climate similar to the
climate required by the present-day organism.
7. When the glaciers that covered large parts of Earth melted after the last ice age, the
sea level became higher.
8. Over the last 120 years, the average temperature of the troposphere has decreased.
9. Global warming is the trapping of energy from the sun by Earth’s atmosphere.
10. As the amount of ozone in the atmosphere decreases, the amount of ultraviolet
radiation that reaches Earth increases.
11. Streams of water called ocean _____________ move warm or cold water, warming
or cooling the nearby land.
12. __________ temperate zones occur between tropical and polar zones.
13. The land on the _________ side of a mountain range is in a rain shadow.
14. Because of its high ________, Mt. Kilimanjaro has a cool climate all year.
15. The __________ Hemisphere receives fewer direct rays from the sun in January than
in July.
16. Because Earth’s axis is ___________, the hemispheres receive different amounts of
solar energy at different times.
17. The _________ climate region is always hot.
18. The _________ climate has cool summers, bitterly cold winters and permafrost.
19. A cool type of climate called _________ is found at the tops of mountains and is
surrounded by other climate regions.
20. ____________ are forests in which plenty of rain falls all year.
21. ___________ climates are found along the coasts of continents in the temperate
zone.
22. Tundra and ice cap climates are examples of __________ climates.
23. Scientists observe the thickness of a tree’s ___________ to learn about past climate
conditions.
24. Plant ___________ found in lake bottoms provides scientists with evidence about
ancient climates.
25. During cold periods called ___________, large parts of Earth’s surface were covered
with sheets of ice.
26. One possible explanation for past climate changes is the movement of Earth’s
______________ from their previous positions.
27. Climate changes may be linked to changes in _____________ on the surface of the
sun.
28. People add the greenhouse gas ______________ to the atmosphere by burning wood
and coal.
29. The gradual increase in the temperature of the atmosphere is known as
__________________.
30. Humans have damaged the ozone layer by using _________ in refrigerators and
spray cans.