INFORMATION FOR THE THIRD YEAR COURSE IN
VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
ACADEMIC YEAR 2005/2006
PLEASE NOTE
Items contained within this Course Information Document are sometimes unavoidably subject to
change. It is the student’s responsibility to ensure they are aware of the correct lecture, practical,
tutorial and examination schedules. Lecture venues may be changed during the Course. The Year
Notice boards and email should be checked daily.
In light of student feedback and External Examiner comments the following changes have been made:
Code of Professional Conduct to Fitness to Practice. You are reminded that you will be expected
to have read the above code, sign for it and implemented during your time in the course
CONTENTS
PAGE NO
1.
Place of the Course in the BVMS Degree
3
2.
Aims of the Course
3
3.
Learning Objectives of the Course
3
4.
Course Content
3-4
5.
Outline of Teaching
4
6.
Components of the Course
6.1
Term I Martinmas
6.1.1 Introduction to Course
6.1.2 Introduction to Nematodes
6.1.3 Cattle Nematodes I
6.1.4 Cattle Nematodes II
6.1.5 Sheep Nematodes I
6.1.6 Sheep Nematodes II
6.1.7 Dog/Cat Nematodes I
6.1.8 Dog/Cat Nematodes II
6.1.9 Dog/Cat Nematodes III
6.1.10 Filarial Nematodes
6.1.11 Lungworms
6.1.12 Pig Nematodes
6.1.13 Horse Nematodes
6.1.14 Nematodes of Birds
6.1.15 Cestodes I
6.1.16 Cestodes II
6.1.17 Trematodes (Flukes) I
6.1.18 Trematodes (Flukes) II
6.1.19 Zoonotic + Public Health
6.1.20 Anthelmintic resistance
6.1.21 Techniques Practical II
6.2
Term II Candlemas
6.2.1 Protozoa Introduction
6.2.2 Eimeria in Poultry
6.2.3 Isospora Eimeria and Cryptosporidium in Livestock
6.2.4 Toxoplasma/Sarcocystis
6.2.5 Neospora caninum
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4-5
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8-9
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9-10
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12-13
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Course Information
6.3
6.2.6 Mastigophora I
6.2.7 Mastigophora II
6.2.8 Tick Borne Diseases
6.2.9 Flies I
6.2.10 Flies II
6.2.11 Burrowing Mites
6.2.12 Non-burrowing Mites
6.2.13 Lice and Fleas
6.2.14 OEA
Term III Whitsun
6.3.1 Revision Tutorials and Practicals
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13-14
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14-15
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INFORMATION FOR THE THIRD YEAR COURSE IN
VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
ACADEMIC YEAR 2005/2006
CONTENTS
PAGE NO
7.
Tutorials and Revision Practicals
17
8.
Course Texts, Reading and Web Resources
17-18
9.
Teaching Hours and Teaching Methods
18
10.
Methods of Assessment
10.1
Assessment of Student Learning and the Course
10.2
Term examinations and Course work
10.3
June Examination
10.4
Grading
10.5
The External Examiner
10.6
Prizes
10.7
Assessment of Course
19-20
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22-23
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24
11.
Course Instructions
24
12.
Other Important Information
12.1 Protective Clothing , Health and Safety
12.2 Staff and Student Liason
12.3 Staff
24
24-25
25
13.
Provisional Timetable
26-28
14.
Example of Class Examination Papers
29-35
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Veterinary Parasitology
1.
PLACE OF THE COURSE IN BVMS DEGREE
The Veterinary Parasitology Course is given during all three terms of third year, and
aims to provide a broad based knowledge of Veterinary Parasitology in preparation for
the Fourth Year Integrated Clinical Course. Students will be provided, via lectures,
practicals, tutorials and interactive sessions with the necessary knowledge to take the
3rd Professional Examination in Veterinary Parasitology. A pre-requisite to enter this
course is a pass in the 2nd Professional Examination at the end of the Second year.
2.
AIMS OF THE COURSE
The aims and objectives of the Veterinary Parasitology Course are
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3.
To provide knowledge of the important parasites causing disease in domestic
animals with particular reference to those species present within the UK.
To teach students to identify and diagnose the main parasites of veterinary
importance.
To provide knowledge of the pathogenic features of the major disease conditions
induced by parasite infection.
Provide students with an understanding of the epidemiological factors and
circumstances leading to parasite transmission and disease.
Provide grounding in the principles for the control and treatment of the major
parasitic diseases.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE
On completion of the course students are expected
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4.
To know the life cycles and modes of transmission of the main helminth parasites,
ectoparasites and protozoa causing disease in small and large domestic animals.
To be able to identify many of the common parasites of domestic animals.
To know the main features of the pathogenesis of the diseases caused by these
parasites.
To understand the main epidemiological factors governing the transmission and
prevalence of these infections in domestic animals.
To know the commonly used methods of diagnosis of the important parasitic
diseases.
To understand the role of different hosts in the transmission of the animal parasites
infective to man and thus the public health significance of specific parasitic
diseases.
To understand the principles of the control and treatment of veterinary parasitic
disease.
COURSE CONTENT
The course is made up of several components dealing with those parasites that are
important in domestic animals in the UK and abroad. The Components are
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Nematodes, Trematodes (Flukes) and Cestodes - taught in Martinmas (Term 1)
Protozoa and Ectoparasites - taught in Candlemas
(Term 2)
Revision tutorials and practicals - in Whitsun
(Term 3)
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Course Information
Each component consists of a set of lectures and a series of related practicals and
tutorials. At the end of the third term (Whitsun), a series of optional revision tutorials
and practicals are provided, covering most of the main components of the course. The
contents of the components are listed below in the order that they appear in the course
along with their aims and learning objectives.
5.
OUTLINE OF TEACHING
The course is taught by a series of lectures, which are closely integrated with the
practicals and demonstrations. In general, the topics covered in the lectures are then
illustrated in a subsequent practical session. The Martinmas term consists of a series of
lectures covering helminth parasites. The term concludes with a series of tutorials and
revision practicals. The Candlemas term consists of a series of lectures and practicals
covering the protozoal and ectoparasites and concludes with revision practicals. The
Whitsun term consists of a series of tutorials covering the whole term. At each
practical, 2 members of staff are present and, on an informal basis, this provides the
opportunity for the discussion of both practical and lecture material. The staff are keen
to encourage questions and to deal with any problems associated with the course.
Details of this year’s timetable are given in a later section in this document (Section
11).
6.
COMPONENTS OF THE COURSE
6.1
Term I Martinmas
6.1.1
Introduction to Course
Aims
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
To outline, in general terms, the main groups of veterinary parasites and the
importance of the diseases they cause.
To describe the structure of the Course, how it is assessed and the overall rating of
the Course.
Learning Objective

6.1.2
To understand the complexity and breadth of the Course.
Introduction to Nematodes
Aim

To introduce nematodes and describe their structure and basic life cycle.
Learning Objective

To become familiar with nematode morphology and various types of parasite life
cycles. From this information, students should gain an understanding of the basis of
veterinary parasitology, which is fundamental to later parts of the course, e.g. the
epidemiology and control of parasitic disease.
The practical that follows comprises several specimens illustrating some of the
important nematodes and their structures. These form the basis of many later
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Veterinary Parasitology
practicals and students should ensure that they have a clear understanding of the
structures demonstrated and their importance in nematode identification.
6.1.3
Cattle Nematodes I
Aim

To introduce students to one of the most important nematode parasites of cattle in
the UK, Ostertagia ostertagi and the other nematodes which reside in the bovine
abomasum.
Learning objectives

6.1.4
To obtain a detailed understanding of the life cycle, pathogenesis, epidemiology
and principles of diagnosis, treatment and control of Ostertagia. Since many of the
other important parasites of cattle have similarities to Ostertagia, students should
endeavour to have a clear understanding of all aspects of this nematode and its life
cycle.
Cattle Nematodes II
Aims


To familiarise students with the nematodes that live in the bovine intestine, from
the duodenum through to the colon. Parasite species that will be covered include:
Cooperia spp, Nematodirus spp, Trichostrongylus and Bunostomum spp in the
small intestine and Oesophagostomum spp and Trichuris globulosa in the large
intestine.
To Introduce the students to the basic principles of control of gastro-intestinal
nematodes in cattle.
The practical associated with these lectures illustrates the nematodes found in the
bovine gastrointestinal tract and the objective is to learn to identify these species
to, at least, genus level.
Learning Objectives
To have a clear knowledge and understanding of;
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The morphology of preparasitic and parasitic stages of these parasites and their
differential identification.
The relative importance, life cycle and epidemiology of these parasites in different parts
of the world.
The pathogenesis associated with infection with these species.
The principles of diagnosis.
The principles of epidemiology
The principles of treatment and control.
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Course Information
6.1.5
Sheep Nematodes I
Aim

To provide detailed information on important abomasal nematodes of sheep.
Teladorsagia is the most important of these in temperate regions such as the UK.
and Haemonchus is the most important world-wide.
Learning Objectives

6.1.6
To become familiar with the life cycle, pathogenesis and epidemiology of
Teladorsagia and Haemonchus in sheep and to appreciate the often-subtle
differences between parasitic gastroenteritis in sheep compared with cattle.
Sheep Nematodes II
Aim

To cover the nematodes that live in the ovine intestine, from the duodenum through
to the colon. The two most important genera in the U.K. are Nematodirus and
Trichostrongylus and these will be considered in the most depth. Other genera that
will be covered include: Cooperia and Bunostomum in the small intestine and
Chabertia spp, Oesophagostomum spp and Trichuris ovis in the large intestine.
Their relative importance compared with that of Teladorsagia spp will be
discussed.
The practical following these lectures illustrates the gross and microscopic
differences of the common sheep nematodes.
Learning Objectives
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6.1.7
To differentiate these parasite species in faecal samples and post mortem samples.
To understand the relative importance of these parasites in different parts of the
world.
To know the life cycle and epidemiology of these parasites in different regions.
To understand the pathogenesis associated with infection with these species, with
particular emphasis on Nematodirus battus in lambs.
To understand the principles of diagnosis
To understand the principles of treatment and control.
Dog/Cat Nematodes I
Aim

To describe, in detail, the life cycle and epidemiology of Toxocara canis and
related parasites.
Learning objective

To understand the significance of the various modes of transmission of T. canis,
particularly with respect to its zoonotic potential.
The practical that follows demonstrates diagnostic stages (eggs) and adult parasites
of T. canis and related species. Students should be able to distinguish T. canis from
closely related species on the basis of egg morphology.
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Veterinary Parasitology
6.1.8
Dog/Cat Nematodes II
Aim

To describe the life cycles and epidemiology of the canine hookworms
Ancylostoma spp. and Uncinaria.
Learning objective

To understand the various modes of transmission of Ancylostoma and the
pathology caused by this and other hookworms.
The practical component includes diagnostic stages of hookworms (eggs) and gross
specimens of adult Ancylostoma and Uncinaria. Students should be able to identify
hookworm eggs and distinguish the adult parasites on the basis of the morphology
of the buccal capsule.
6.1.9
Dog/Cat Nematodes III
Aim

To introduce students to the migratory nematodes of the dog and cat
classified in the superfamily Metastrongyloidea. The metastrongyle parasites
generally reside, as the adult stage, in the lungs or heart and pulmonary blood
vessels of their definitive host. Most of these species have an indirect life
cycle, involving a molluscan intermediate host. There are, however, some
notable exceptions. The species, which will be discussed, include Oslerus
osleri, Angiostrongylus vasorum and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus.
Learning Objectives
To obtain information regarding
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
The life cycle of these species.
Methods of transmission of these parasites.
The epidemiology of these species, with particular reference to the role of the infected
bitch.
6.1.10 Filarial Nematodes
Aim

To describe the life cycles and epidemiology of filarial nematodes and spiruroids
infecting domestic animals with particular emphasis on Dirofilaria immitis, the dog
heartworm.
Learning objective

To understand the modes of transmission of the various parasites covered in the
lecture, and of the pathology they cause in domestic animals.
The practical section covers the diagnostic procedure for detecting microfilariae in
blood specimens. This involves staining and examining dried blood films and
7
Course Information
examination of wet blood films as well as examination of gross specimens of
various filarial and metastrongyle nematodes.
6.1.11 Lungworms
Aim

To provide information regarding the nematodes that are found in the lungs of farm
animals. The lecture will focus mostly on the bovine lungworm Dictyocaulus
viviparus, an important parasite in wet, temperate areas. This parasite is highly
pathogenic and the mechanisms behind the pathology will be described in detail.
The sheep lungworms, Dictyocaulus filaria, Muellerius capillaris and
Protostrongylus rufescens and the equine lungworm Dictyocaulus arnfieldi will be
described. The practical will demonstrate the distinct features of various life cycle
stages of these nematodes.
Learning Objectives
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The differential identification of preparasitic and parasitic stages of these parasites.
The pathogenesis associated with infection with these species and their effects on the
host.
The life cycle and epidemiology, with particular emphasis on D. viviparus.
The principles of diagnosis, treatment and control.
6.1.12 Pig Nematodes
Aim
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To cover the many diverse parasites found in the pig alimentary tract.
Learning Objective
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To understand some of the most relevant features of nematodes of pigs, notably,
the life cycle and epidemiology of Ascaris, Oesophagostomum and Trichinella
species, the latter being a significant zoonosis worldwide. Students should be able
to list the nematode species found in pigs and discuss various aspects of porcine
parasitism such as life cycle, epidemiology and zoonosis.
The practical session will illustrate the gross and microscopic features of the
common pig nematodes.
6.1.13 Horse Nematodes
Aims

To introduce several of the nematodes species that are found in the equine
gastrointestinal tract from the stomach through to the rectum. Parasites that will be
described include the large (Strongylus species) and small (Cyathostomins)
strongyles, Trichostrongylus axei, Parascaris equorum, Strongyloides westeri and
Oxyuris equi. These parasites are important in different age groups of horses,
mostly because of their particular life cycles. The equine lungworm Dictyocaulus
arnfieldi will also be described. NB: the Filarioid and Spiruroid species that exist
in horses will be described in Lecture 10.
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Veterinary Parasitology
Learning Objectives
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The life cycle, epidemiology and pathogenesis associated with nematode infection of the
horse.
Knowledge of the migratory pathways and resulting pathogenesis of the large
strongyles.
The importance of the small strongyles (cyathostomins) and the features of the
small strongyle life cycle and epidemiology that make them the primary parasitic
pathogen of the horse.
The morphology of preparasitic and parasitic stages of these parasites and their
differential identification from equine faecal samples (in the case of O. equi,
differentiation of egg masses on the perianal skin will be described).
The relative importance of these parasites in horses of different ages kept under different
management schemes.
In the practical, examples of the parasites discussed in the lecture will be available
for examination. Again, the distinctive features of these should be learned and
students should feel confident of their identification.
6.1.14 Nematodes of Birds
Aim

To familiarise students with the important nematodes causing pathology in birds.
Learning objective
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To detail an overview of the important nematode parasites affecting poultry or
game birds in the UK.
6.1.15 Cestodes I
Aim
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To introduce the general features of tapeworms and their life cycles.
Learning Objectives
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To understand the life cycle and veterinary significance of one of the largest and
most important group of cestodes, the Taeniidae.
To understand the significance of Taenia spp. as zoonotic parasites.
To be able to distinguish some of the larval stages of Taenia spp and identify the
morphological features of Taenia spp. that enable the parasite to be distinguished
from other cestodes.
6.1.16 Cestodes II
Aims

To describe in detail the life cycle and epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus,
Diplyidium caninum and other, minor, cestodes of domestic animals.
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Course Information
Learning Objectives
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To understand the features of the E.g.granulosus life cycle and epidemiology
which contribute to its zoonotic potential and veterinary significance.
To understand the features of the life cycle of D.caninum which determine control.
To understand the life cycle and pathogenesis of Anoplocephala perfoliata in the
horse.
Students should be able to differentiate various species on a morphological basis.
6.1.17 Trematodes (Flukes) I
Aims

To cover general classification of trematodes, highlighting the importance of
Fasciola hepatica, and provide a description of the morphological structure of the
adult F. hepatica and outline the life cycle of this parasite.

To outline, the different pathological conditions caused by F. hepatica, the
epidemiological factors that influence parasite transmission and the severity of
disease.
Learning Objectives
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To understand the veterinary significance of F. hepatica.
To identify the adult fluke from morphological considerations and predilection site.
To know the life cycle of F. hepatica and understand the role of the intermediate host in
transmission of the parasite.
To understand how pathological outcomes of infection are related to the infective dose.
To know the ecology of the intermediate host, Lymnaea truncatula.
To understand how epidemiological factors influence parasite transmission and disease.
To know the basic control methods used against F. hepatica.
6.1.18 Trematodes (Flukes) II
Aims
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To outline the flukes, other than F. hepatica, which are of veterinary significance.
To describe the life cycles and disease caused by these flukes, highlighting the
differences from F. hepatica. To point out the epidemiological factors which
influence transmission of flukes.
Learning Objectives
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To know the different types of flukes, which are of clinical significance.
To know the life cycles of the different genera and understand how they differ from that
of F. hepatica.
To understand how these flukes cause disease.
To understand how the epidemiology of disease is related to climate and the ecology of
the intermediate host.
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Veterinary Parasitology
6.1.19 Zoonoses + Public Health
Aim

To describe the important zoonotic helminth parasites with a focus on the
epidemiology and control.
Learning Objective
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To understand the details of the life cycles and epidemiology, which contribute to
the zoonotic potential of particular helminths, to understand how veterinarians can
implement intervention programmes to prevent human disease.
6.1.20 Anthelmintic resistance
Aim

To introduce students to the problem of anthelmintic resistance in parasitic
nematodes
Learning objectives
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To understand the basic principles of how anthelmintic resistance develops in
parasite populations and appreciate the relative importance of anthelmintic
resistance in different parasite species
To understand the problems of diagnosis of anthelmintic resistance
To understand how different control strategies affect the rate at which anthelmintic
resistance develops and how integrated parasite control can be used to minimise the
development of resistance.
6.1.21 Techniques Practical
Aims

To cover, in detail, a range of techniques used in the diagnosis of parasitic
nematodes.
Learning Objectives

“hands-on” training in the use of some of these methods for the detection of
parasite eggs or larvae will be given. From this session, students should be able to
describe the commonly used techniques in the diagnosis of animal parasitism,
including details of calculations/materials used and the suitability of certain tests
for specific parasite stages.
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Course Information
6.2
Term II Candlemas
6.2.1
Protozoa Introduction
Aims

To describe the importance of protozoan diseases of domestic animals in different
parts of the world and the typical features of the modes of transmission, life cycles
and taxonomy.
Learning Objectives

6.2.2
To understand the complexity of the life cycles and be able to place different
protozoan species within a formal taxonomy.
Eimeria in Poultry
Aims


To describe the complex life cycle of the Eimeria family and the key features of the
six most important species of Eimeria which infect chickens.
To outline the epidemiological factors that lead to outbreaks of disease and the
principles of disease control.
Learning Objectives

6.2.3
To understand the pathological consequences of infection by Eimeria, how the life
cycle of these parasites determine disease and how knowledge of the factors
determining parasite levels can lead to effective control.
Isospora Eimeria and Cryptosporidium in Domestic Livestock
Aims

To describe the other species of the Eimeridae causing disease in livestock
focusing on Isospora suis, Eimeria bovis, E. zuernii and Cryptosporidium. To
outline the control and epidemiology of these parasites
Learning Objectives

6.2.4
Students will be expected to know the various life cycles, understand how the pathology
is caused, be able to describe the epidemiology of these parasites and discuss approaches
to disease control.
Toxoplasma/Sarcocystis
Aim

To cover two important genera of the family Sarcocystidae: Toxoplasma and
Sarcocystis spp.
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Veterinary Parasitology
Learning Objectives
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
6.2.5
Understand the basic life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii, including both the sexual
and asexual phases that take place in the final and intermediate host.
The epidemiology and pathology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the
intermediate hosts (sheep, man etc.).
The life cycle of the various species of Sarcocystis, together with the pathogenic
consequences of infection.
The principles of diagnosis and control of these parasites.
Neospora caninum
Aims


To describe the life cycle, transmission routes, veterinary significance and
pathogenesis of N. caninum.
To outline the outcome of infection in cattle and dogs.
Learning Objectives
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
To understand the transmission routes and complex epidemiology of Neospora
infection in cattle and dogs.
To be able to discuss the epidemiology of the disease and the approaches to
prevention.
From the practical (covering 6.2.5 - 6.2.9), students should learn to identify the
different life cycle stages of the Eimeridae and Sarcocystidae discussed in the
previous four lectures. The aim is to be able to identify the different parasites and
describe their main morphological features.
6.2.6
Mastigophora I
Aims

To introduce students to the main species of flagellate protozoa that cause disease
in domestic livestock and to describe their different modes of transmission. This
will include the following: Leishmania spp, Trichomonas foetus and Giardia
lamblia.
Learning Objectives
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


6.2.7
The main features of the life cycles of these parasites.
The pathological consequences of infection.
The main factors that determine outbreaks of disease and how knowledge of these
can be used in the control/treatment of disease.
The importance of domestic animals as reservoirs of human disease in those
species which are zoonotic.
Mastigophora II
Aim

To introduce students to the main features of Trypanosoma spp causing major
cattle disease in tropical regions.
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Course Information
Learning Objectives





6.2.8
To be able to identify the main groups of Mastigophora morphologically and to
undertake a blood smear for diagnosis.
To understand the complex life cycles of the main species of Trypanosoma and
their modes of transmission.
To understand how the main pathological consequences of infection arise and the
role of antigenic variation in evasion of the immune response.
To delineate and understand the factors which determine the geographical
distribution and prevalence of disease.
To understand the rationale for the different methods of controlling and treating
disease.
Tick Borne Diseases
Aim

This series of three lectures is aimed at describing the main species of tick
responsible for the transmission of a range of protozoan and rickettsial parasitic
disease in both tropical and temperate regions of the world. The rationale for
combining a discussion of both the arthropod vectors and the protozoan diseases is
to provide an integrated understanding of the tick biology and the transmission of
this important group of parasitic diseases.
Learning Objectives

From the first lecture students should understand the main features of the life cycle
of the most important species of European tick, Ixodes ricinus, and gain knowledge
of the morphological features that allow the identification of Ixodes ricinus from
other species. Also to understand the epidemiology and pathogenic significance of
Ixodes ricinus.
 From the second lecture, students should learn the main species of Babesia which
cause significant disease in cattle, horses and dogs and be able to discuss the
epidemiology and pathogenesis of infection. Particular attention should be paid to
the modes of transmission by the different vector and the principles involved in
controlling babesiosis;
 From the third lecture, students should learn the main features of Theileria.
Anaplasma and Cowdria and the diseases caused by these parasites, including the
modes of transmission. In addition, students should understand the principles
involved in controlling tick borne parasites.
6.2.9
Flies I
Aims




To outline the main features of the dipteran biting flies (Muscids) together with
their veterinary significance in terms of disease transmission and fly worry.
To identify the different species by examination of the morphological features of
the adult flies.
To understand the life cycles of Hypoderma, Oestrus, and Gasterophilus, their
importance as obligate causes of myiasis together with the pathogenesis caused by
the larvae of these flies.
To be able to discuss the main epidemiological factors and their implications for
disease control.
14
Veterinary Parasitology
Learning Objectives


To describe the main features of the life cycles of the muscid flies and to
understand their role in animal health and the transmission of disease.
To describe the veterinary significance and life cycles of the three genera of flies
causing obligate myiasis.
6.2.10 Flies II
Aim

To detail the life cycle, pathogenesis and epidemiology of infestation by species of
dipteran flies of the genus Calliphoridae (blow flies) and to understand the
veterinary significance, life cycles and epidemiology of forest flies and the sheep
ked.
Learning Objectives





To describe the main morphological features of the adult blow flies of veterinary
significance.
To understand the life cycle of blow flies and the difference between primary and
secondary strike.
To understand the main factors that determine the occurrence of blow fly strike and
how it can be prevented and treated.
To describe and understand the main pathological features of blow fly myiasis.
To describe and understand the role of forest flies and keds in causing disease.
6.2.11 Burrowing Mites
Aims

To provide detailed information on the burrowing mites that occur in several
species of domestic animals. Most emphasis will be on Sarcoptes scabiei, a
relatively common and debilitating parasite, found on man and domestic animals.
Demodex spp will also be described.
These are common, commensal parasites, which, in some cases, can cause severe
disease. The pathogenesis behind generalised demodecosis will be described in some
detail. Other burrowing mite species that will be briefly mentioned include: Notoedres
cati and Knemidocoptes spp
Learning Objectives




To identify different species of burrowing mites.
To understand the relative importance of these parasites, particularly in dogs and
pigs.
To gain knowledge of the life cycle of mites and how they are transmitted to hosts.
To understand the pathogenesis associated with infection with particular reference
to S. scabiei and genetic predisposition to generalised demodicosis.
15
Course Information
6.2.12 Non-burrowing Mites
Aim

At present scab, caused by Psoroptes ovis, can be considered to be a major
ectoparasitic disease of sheep in the U.K. The morphological identification of P.
ovis and the life cycle of this parasite, describing how this influences transmission
of disease, will be outlined. The pathogenesis, diagnosis and methods used to
control sheep scab and how changes in legislation affected the incidence of disease
outbreaks will also be described. A further aim is to outline the other major nonburrowing mites that are of veterinary significance and describe for the different
genera, the main morphological features, the main hosts, the clinical outcome and
diagnosis of infection.
Learning Objectives





To know the genera of non-burrowing mites, which are of veterinary significance;
To understand the significance of sheep scab.
To understand the life cycle, epidemiology and pathogenesis of sheep scab.
To describe the methods used to control sheep scab and be aware of how their
effectiveness can be influenced by implementation.
To how to differentiate P. ovis from other mite species.
6.2.13 Lice and Fleas
Aim

To provide detailed information on fleas and lice. Fleas are the most common
cause of parasitic skin disease in dogs and cats and are extremely common,
particularly in the summer months. The fleas that are commonly found on dogs and
cats will be described. Fleas are important in cats and dogs because of their ability
to induce flea allergy dermatitis and the pathogenesis behind this important
condition will be described in detail.
Lice are important skin pathogens in many domestic animals and are often seen in
large numbers in animals suffering underlying debilitating conditions or in animals
that are neglected. The common species will be described and their differentiation
detailed.
Learning Objectives





The morphology of lice and fleas and their differential identification.
The relative importance of these parasites in different host species.
The life cycle and of these parasites, especially the importance of the reservoir of
flea stages in the environment.
Pathogenesis associated with infection with these species, with particular reference
to flea allergy dermatitis in dogs and cats.
Principles of control.
6.2.14 Open Essay Assessment (OEA)
(see 10.2 for futher details)
16
Veterinary Parasitology
6.3
Term III Whitsun
6.3.1
Revision Tutorials and Practicals
7.
TUTORIALS AND REVISION PRACTICALS
Tutorials are held on a small group basis with individual lecturers. Please note
that tutorials in the first two terms are compulsory and the location and
groupings of these tutorials will be posted on the Third Year Noticeboard two
weeks before each tutorial session.
The tutorials in Whitsun (Third Term) are voluntary and cover the work of the
whole year. Students will have the option to attend these and will be asked in the
first 2-3 weeks of term to select which tutorials they wish to attend. Once they
have selected the tutorials to attend, a list of participants will be posted, along
with the location and time on the Third Year Noticeboard. Once notification is
given, the student must attend the relevant designated tutorial.
Revision practical sessions will also be available in the Class Laboratory at
times designated on the Third Year Noticeboard and will be held in all three
terms.
The Aims and Learning Objectives are




8
To cover and expand upon information taught in the lectures.
To provide opportunity for students to discuss lecture and practical content with
the lecturers.
To provide opportunity for students to provide feedback on the teaching methods
on the course.
To provide opportunity for any problem areas in the course or teaching practices to
be identified and discussed.
COURSE TEXTS, FURTHER READING AND WEB RESOURCES
It is highly mrecommended that all students have 'Veterinary Parasitology' by
Urquhart, Armour, Duncan, Dunn and Jennings, published by Blackwell Scientific.
This text has been specifically written to meet the course needs and contains much of
the material covered. It is an essential source book for this course.
Other texts of interest include:
“Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa” by E.J.L. Soulsby. Balliere Tindall. Available
in library and is a useful reference text.
“Veterinary Clinical Parasitology” by M.W. Sloss, R.L.Kemp. and A. Zajac. Iowa
University Press. – Useful for practical aspects of course
"Canine Clinical Parasitology": by Georgi and Georgi. Lea and Febiger
"Arthropods of Humans and Domestic Animals" by A. Walker. Chapman and Hall.
17
Course Information
“Veterinary Parasitology Reference Manual” : by W.J.Foreyt. 4th Edition . Washington
State University Press. Useful for summaries and practical information.
Additional material including lecture slide presentations, CAL programs, past
examination papers and useful parasitology web links are available on Moodle on the
the web server; http://moodle.gla.ac.uk/vet/moodle/ .For each you will find a link to
course information, timetables, past papers, presentations and notes, in addition to
relevant CAL programs and online resources, that have been reviewed by your
lecturers.
A 'cut down' version of the SWS, with presentations in PDF format, course
information, timetables, and links to relevant websites, can be found at:
http://www.gla.ac.uk/faculties/vet/students/SWS/ accessible from off-campus using the
username 'vetstudent' and the password 'jamesherriot'.
9.
TEACHING HOURS AND TEACHING METHODS
All staff are not routinely made aware of Students with Disabilities. This information
is considered confidential unless such a person agrees to complete disclosure.
Consequently, the onus is on you to make individual staff aware of special needs you
may have that impact on a particular method of teaching; staff will attempt to make
reasonable adjustments. E.g. you may have a degree of red-green colour blindness and
have difficulty distinguishing certain tissues or cells during microscopy.
Each student needs to attend all the classes in Veterinary Parasitology and the
number of hours required is detailed in the Table below. The number of hours of
academic staff time needed to teach the course is also shown.
Generally, the course is taught on a Wednesday morning in the first half of each
term, changing to Monday and Tuesday mornings in the second half of term. In
second and third terms, the course is also taught on Friday mornings (refer to
Timetable, Section 11). Each student requires 75 hours of total attendance for
the whole course, excluding the examinations. The academic staff requires 116
hours to provide the course, excluding the time required for preparation and for
two Class Examinations and the Professional Examination.
Lectures, Practical Demonstrations, the provision of practical notes,
demonstration of parasitised post-mortem material, videos and small group
tutorial teaching are used to present the course to students. Active learning is
carried out in the small group tutorials and in the practical demonstrations,
where student problem solving is encouraged. Students are encouraged to
develop a logical approach to the identification and diagnosis of parasitological
cases.
Lectures
Hours/Student
20
Term I
Total Staff Hours
20
Term II
Hours/Student
Total Staff Hours
16
16
Term III
Hours/Student
Total Staff Hours
0
0
18
Veterinary Parasitology
Practicals
11
22
7
14
4
8
Tutorials
6
36
0
0
12
72
10
METHODS OF ASSESSMENT.
10.1
Assessment of Student Learning
All the examinations in Veterinary Parasitology in 2004/2005 will be considered as
summative assessment, for the Degree Examination:
Term 1
Term 2
Term 2
June Examination
Examination worth 5%
Examination worth 5%
Open Essay Assessment (OEA) 5%
Examination worth 85%
All examination papers are submitted in advance to the External Examiner for their approval.
The examinations in Term 1 and Term 2 will be marked internally and the results will be
available to the students as provisional Grades. The final Grades will be assessed, and if
necessary, modified after consultation with the External Examiner, at the time of the June
examination. The External will attend in June and September to oversee the examination, the
completion of the Grades and to conduct Pass/Fail and Distinction Orals. If a student fails to
complete any of the Examinations then the Code of Practice on incomplete assessment and
good cause (University of Glasgow Calendar 2002-2003 pp. 44-46 available in the Library or
from the Department) will apply. Under the Data Protection Act students are entitled to see
their examination scripts but staff will not discuss individual scripts in detail.
Code of Practice on complete assessment and good cause (University of Calendar 20032004, Sect. Gen. 44-46). This section sets out the rules covering the treatment of students
prevented by good cause from completing an assessment or performing adequately therein.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
For the purposes of this section ‘good cause’ shall mean illness or other adverse
personal circumstances serious enough to prevent a candidate from completing a
summative assessment at or by the due time; ‘evidence’ shall mean a full medical
report, not merely a medical certificate, or a written report detailing the adverse
personal circumstances including independent written evidence as appropriate.
If a candidate believes that good cause has prevented a piece of summative
assessment, including an examination script, being completed at or by the due time
or has seriously prejudiced his or her performance in a summative assessment, then
he or she must promptly notify the Head of Registry and submit appropriate
evidence. Notification later than a week after the due date for completion of the
assessment will not normally be taken into account except where circumstances
prevented the student from notifying the Head of Registry within this time. The Head
of Registry will notify the relevant Head(s) of Department.
Where the claim for good cause is pursued the evidence submitted shall be
considered by the Board of Examiners which shall determine.
(a) if the evidence is of sufficient weight to constitute evidence of good cause;
(b) if sufficient material has been presented in respect of the summative assessment
in question for it to be regarded as completed, rather than merely attempted; in
the latter case the assessment shall be treated as though it had been prevented by
good cause from being completed.
19
Course Information
If a candidate fails to complete a summative assessment required by a course without
adequate evidence of good cause then he or she shall be awarded zero marks or equivalent
for that assessment, and his or her mark or grade for the course shall be calculated
accordingly.
If a candidate is adjudged by the Board of Examiners to have been prevented by good cause
from completing the assessment of the course, then the following arrangement shall apply;
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
The extent of the completion of the assessment shall be determined as a
percentage of the totality of summatively assessed work, based on
assessment weightings published in the course data-base, required by the
assessment scheme approved by the Senate.
The Board of Examiners shall make an overall judgement of the standard
reached in the completed part of the assessment, using as far as possible the
same procedures as apply to candidates who have completed the assessment.
If the candidate has completed 85 per cent or more of the assessment the
Board of Examiners shall recommend the award of an appropriate grade (or
no credit) on the basis of the completed proportion.
If the candidate has not completed 85 per cent of the assessment then the
candidate shall be regarded as not having attempted the assessment.
Second Diet of Examination – September
If the candidates fail the examination in June they may take the resit (2nd Diet)
examinations in September. The format of the September examination will be the
same as the June examination, except that ALL students who achieve less than a grade
D will be REQUIRED to have an oral examination conducted by the External
Examiner and at least one of the Internal Examiners. Grades awarded at the second
diet of the professional examination will in accordance with university policy be
capped at Grade D.
The Grades for the second diet will be based on the single examination unless the
student has missed the June examination with good cause. In such a case the total
assessment will be based on the results for Term 1 Exam ; 5% , Term 2 Exam ; 5%,
OEA; 5% , September Examination 85%.
10.2
Term examinations and Course Work
Term I (Martinmas) and Term II (Candlemas) Exams will follow the same format. Each
examination consists of a Practical Examination and a MCQ Paper held during the last week
of the Term.
The Practical Examination (30 minutes) consists of ~15 specimens with the students
expected to identify the parasites and answer simple questions on each sample. The practical
exam will contribute approximately 20% of each term examination.
The Written Examination (1 hour) consisting of one paper: a Multiple Choice Section of
50 MCQ questions (suggested time 1 hour). The written exam will contribute 80% of each
term examination.
20
Veterinary Parasitology
Open Essay Assessment (OEA) Students will be allocated an essay question in week 8 of
Term 2. The subject of the essay will be a question related to a piece of literature specified
by the teaching staff (eg. Research paper, review article). Essays should be 1500-2000
words in length, word processed and submitted via Moodle. The essay must be submitted
by the end of the first week of term 3 (14th April). The OEA will contribute to continuous
assessment (5% of total mark).
10.3
June Examination
This examination is held at the end of Term 3 (Whitsun) and the dates are given on the
current notice "University of Glasgow - Final Dates Degree Examinations". The June
examination in Veterinary Parasitology will consist of the following components:
(a) A Practical Examination (30 minutes) of ~15 specimens with the students expected to
identify the parasites and answer simple questions on each sample
(b) A Written Examination (3 hours) comprising an essay section (2 hours) in which
students are expected to answer 3 questions from a choice of 4 and a MCQ Section (1 hour)
consisting of 50 questions.
The final grade for the professional exam is obtained by summing the marks in the
following manner:
Term 1 exam, 5%;
Term 2 exam , 5%;
OEA, 5%;
June Exam, 85%.
The result is expressed as a grade according to the system approved by the veterinary faculty.
The aggregation score is used only for the calculation of honours and commendation which is
arrived at at the end of the Complete 5 year Course.
(d) Some candidates may be required to have a Pass/Fail Oral Examination (provisional
Grade E or below) in which the External Examiner takes part. Students with Grade E may be
upgraded to Grade D following a satisfactory oral examination.
(e) Departmental academic members of staff who are the Internal Examiners mark the
Written and Practical Examination answers and the total combined mark for each candidate is
calculated. A panel of departmental examiners reviews the marks and may adjust them.
All papers are made available to the External Examiner. The External Examiner has the
discretion to adjust the marks awarded in the Written and Practical Examinations.
Candidates with less than Grade D are required to attend a Pass/Fail Oral Examination
conducted by the External Examiner and at least one of the Internal Examiners. Some of
those candidates who have achieved a Grade A at a first attempt at the examination may, at
the discretion of the examiners, be invited to attend a Distinction Oral conducted by the
External Examiner and at least one of the Internal Examiners.
(f) All scripts either for Class or Professional Examinations are marked anonymously, using
either exam number or matriculation number as directed by University.
21
Course Information
(g) Passing the Third Professional Examination. A student must pass the Professional
Examinations for all four subjects before being allowed to proceed to Fourth Year Classes.
If a student fails the June diet of the Veterinary Parasitology Examination they may attempt
the September diet Resit Examination in Veterinary Parasitology. Failure in September would
mean that a student would have to obtain permission to repeat the subject the following year
if they wished to continue in the BVMS course.
The Departmental staff encourage September resit students to contact them over the summer
in order to monitor their progress either by discussion of their revision or by handing in
"mock" answers based on previous examinations. Tutorials will also be organised based on
student demand.
(h) Location of Examination. All Written Class and Degree Examinations will be held at
Gilmorehill. The Practical and Oral Examinations will normally be held in Garscube.
10.4
Grading
The University’s policy on grading is now as follows, with no EP Grade and only
Grades A to D representing passes. There shall be three categories of award
Honours, Commendation and Pass. A candidate who is not placed in one of three
categories shall have failed the programme. A Distinction is only awarded following
a successful oral examination in the presence of the External Examiner.
Marks to Grade Correlation for the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Primary
grade
Mark
Secondary
band
Mark
Aggregation
score
BVMS
A
70-100
65-69
C
55-64
D
50-54
E
45-49
80-100
75-79
70-74
69
67-68
65-66
63-64
60-62
55-59
54
52-53
50-51
49
47-48
45-46
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
Honours
B
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
Commendation
Pass
Fail
22
Veterinary Parasitology
F
40-45
G
30-39
N
0-30
1
2
3
1
2
44
42-43
40-41
35-39
30-34
5
4
3
2
1
CR
The aggregate scores are used in the overall assessment at the end of the 5 year Course.
There shall be three categories of award Honours, Commendation and Pass.
23
Course Information
Non-honours Courses
Primary
Grade
Very
Good
B
Good
C
Satisfacto
ry
D
Weak
E
Poor
F
Very Poor
G
No Credit
N
CR
10.5
BVMS
Gloss
Excellent
A
Primary verbal descriptors for attainment of Intended Learning Outcomes
CREDIT
REFUSED
Exemplary range and depth of attainment of intended learning outcomes, secured by
discriminating command of a comprehensive range of relevant materials and
analyses, and by deployment of considered judgement relating to key issues,
concepts and procedures
Honours
Conclusive attainment of virtually all intended learning outcomes, clearly grounded
on a close familiarity with a wide range of supporting evidence, constructively
utilised to reveal appreciable depth of understanding
Commendation
Clear attainment of most of the intended learning outcomes, some more securely
grasped than others, resting on a circumscribed range of evidence and displaying a
variable depth of understanding
Pass
Acceptable attainment of intended learning outcomes, displaying a qualified
familiarity with a minimally sufficient range of relevant materials, and a grasp of the
analytical issues and concepts which is generally reasonable, albeit insecure
Attainment deficient in respect of specific intended learning outcomes, with mixed
evidence as to the depth of knowledge and weak deployment of arguments or
deficient manipulations
Fail
Attainment of intended learning outcomes appreciably deficient in critical respects,
lacking secure basis in relevant factual and analytical dimensions
Attainment of intended learning outcomes markedly deficient in respect of nearly all
intended learning outcomes, with irrelevant use of materials and incomplete and
flawed explanation
No convincing evidence of attainment of intended learning outcomes, such treatment
of the subject as is in evidence being directionless and fragmentary
Failure to comply, in the absence of good cause, with the published requirements of
the course or programme.
The External Examiner
The External Examiner for 2005/2006 is Dr Rachel Lawrence BSc PhD, The Royal
Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU
24
Veterinary Parasitology
10.6
Prizes
There are two special awards in Veterinary Parasitology. (i) The Silver Medal
(Royal Highland and Agricultural Society) for the student with the highest marks
in the Degree examination. (ii) The Baker prize for the student with the best
aggregate marks for the two Class examinations and the Degree Examination.
10.7
Assessment of the course
The content of the Course, the presentation of the Course to students and the
effectiveness of the teaching methods are assessed by two questionnaires and
also on an individual basis with students at practical and tutorial sessions. The
findings are discussed at staff meetings and the appropriate action taken, where
felt necessary, the following year. Assessments are also made by considering the
results of the two Class Examinations and the Third Professional Examination,
the Report of the External Examiner, as well as views he expresses during
informal discussions with the staff, and opinions emanating from the Faculty
Staff Student Liaison Committee. Formal consideration of these matters occurs
at meetings held by the teaching staff.
11.
COURSE INSTRUCTIONS
Students shall be required to comply with such instructions as are prescribed by
the Course Leader in charge of the course concerned. Such instructions may
require students: to attend specified lectures, tutorials, laboratory or practical
sessions, examination and other events; to submit items of work, including
essays, dissertations and project reports, by such dates as may be instructed. All
such instructions shall be given to the students in writing at the beginning of the
course concerned. Reasonable notice of any alteration to them will also be
given. A student who fails to comply with departmental instructions may be
refused enrolment in and admission to degree examinations in the subject.
12.
OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION
12.1
Protective Clothing , Health and Safety
Lab coats must be worn at all times in the student teaching laboratory in the practical
classes. Students will refused entry to these classes if not wearing a lab coat.
12.2
Staff and Student Liason
All members of the staff involved in teaching the Veterinary Parasitology Course
welcome the opportunity to discuss problems associated with the Course with students
and you are invited to do this as appropriate. The members of staff can be contacted
directly. Due to other commitments, it is advisable to make an appointment with the
member of staff concerned, either directly by telephone to the extensions listed below
or via the Teaching Unit. In the case of emergencies, at least one of the members of
staff listed below can be contacted directly during term time. If you are experiencing
difficulties you are encouraged to contact the 3rd year advisor, Dr J. Gilleard , your
25
Course Information
Regent or the Faculty Staff/Student Liaison Committee through the Third Year
Representative as appropriate.
12.3
Staff
The staff primarily involved in teaching, examining and administering the Third Year
Veterinary Parasitology Course are:
Professor Andy Tait: Professor, (extension 5750).
Professor Eileen Devaney: Professor , Quality Assurance Officer (extension 6925).
Professor Brian Shiels: Professor, (extension 5756) and Examinations Officer
Dr John Gilleard: Senior Lecturer (extension 5604) and Course Leader.
Dr Tony Page: MRC Senior Fellow (extension 1997)
Mr James McGoldrick: Chief Technician (extension 6926).
Arlene Macrae: Administrator, Teaching Unit (extension 6918)
Other staff undertaking research in the Department also may assist with practicals and
tutorials.
26
Veterinary Parasitology
Veterinary Parasitology - Third Year
Term I - Martinmas 2005
Wk
1
Day
Wed.
Date
28/9
2
Wed.
5/10
3
Wed.
12/10
4
Wed.
19/10
5
Wed.
26/10
6
Wed.
2/11
7
Mon.
7/11
Tues.
8/11
Mon.
14/11
Tues.
15/11
Mon.
Tues.
Mon.
Tues.
Mon.
Mon
.
21/11
22/11
28/11
29/11
5/12
12/12
8
9
10
11
12
Time
9.30 - 10.30
10.30 - 11.30
11.30 – 13.00
9.30 - 10.30
10.30 - 11.30
11.30 – 13.00
9.30 - 10.30
10.30 - 11.30
11.30 – 13-00
9.30 - 10.30
10.30 - 11.30
11.30 – 13-00
9.30 - 10.30
10.30 - 11.30
11.30 – 13-00
9.30 - 10.30
10.30 - 11.30
11.30 – 13.00
9.30 - 10.30
10.30 - 11.30
11.30 – 13.00
9.30 - 10.30
10.30 - 11.30
11.30 – 13.00
9.30 - 10.30
10.30 – 11.30
11.30 – 13.00
9.30 – 10.30
10.30 – 11.30
9.30 – 12.30
9.30 - 12.30
9.30 - 12.30
9.30 - 12.30
9.30 – 12.30
am
pm
L
L
P
L
L
P
L
L
P
L
L
P
L
L
P
L
L
P
L
L
P
L
L
P
L
L
P
L
L
Subject
Introduction
Introduction to Nematodes
Introduction
Cattle Nematodes I
Cattle Nematodes II
Cattle Nematodes
Sheep Nematodes I
Sheep Nematodes II
Sheep Nematodes
Dog/Cat Nematodes I
Dog/Cat Nematodes II
Dog/Cat Nematodes
Dog/Cat Nematodes III
Filarial Nematodes
Filarial + Metastrongyles
Lungworms
Pig Nematodes
Lungworms/Pig
Horse Nematodes
Bird Nematodes
Horse/Bird Nematodes
Cestodes I
Cestodes II
Cestodes
Flukes I
Flukes II
Flukes Practical
Zoonoses + Public Health
Anthelmintic resistance
Techniques Practical
Revision Practical/Tutorials*
PPractical/TutorialPPrasPractica
Revision Practical/Tutorials*
Revisionl/Tutorials*
Practical/Tutorials*
Revision Practical/Tutorials*
Written Examination
Practical Examination
Lecturer
ED
ED
ED, JMcG
JG
JG
JG, JMcG
JG
JG
JG, JMcG
AP
ED
AP,ED,JMcG
ED
ED
ED, JMcG
JG
JG
JG, JMcG
ED
ED
ED,JMcG
ED
ED
ED, JMcG
BRS
BRS
BRS, JMcG
ED
JG
JMcG
Location
AH
AH
C LAB
AH
AH
C LAB
AH
AH
C LAB
AH
AH
C LAB
AH
AH
C LAB
AH
AH
C LAB
LAD
LAD
C LAB
LAD
LAD
C LAB
LAD
LAD
C LAB
LAD
LAD
C LAB
C LAB
C LAB
C LAB
C LAB
*
C LAB*
AP - Dr Tony Page; AT - Prof. Andy Tait; ED - Prof. Eileen Devaney; JG - Dr. John Gilleard;
BRS- Prof. Brian Shiels; JMcG - Mr. James McGoldrick
Large Animal Demonstration Lecture Theatre (LAD), Assembly Hall (AH), Class Lab (C LAB)
* See Notice Board for times/place
27
Course Information
Veterinary Parasitology - Third Year
Term II – Candlemas 2006
Wk
13
Day
Wed.
Date
11/1
Time
10.30 - 11.30
11.30 - 12.30
L
L
Subject
Intro to Protozoa
Eimeria/Isospora
Lecturer
AT
AT
Location
AH
AH
14
Wed.
18/1
10.30 - 11.30
11.30 – 12.30
L
L
Toxoplasma
Sarcocystis
BRS
BRS
LAD
LAD
15
Wed.
25/1
10.30 - 11.30
11.30 – 13.00
L
P
Neospora
Coccidia Practical
16
Wed.
1/2
17
Wed.
8/2
10.30 - 11.30
11.30 - 12.30
10.30 - 11.30
11.30 – 13.00
L
L
L
P
Mastigophora I
Mastigophora II
Tickborne Disease I
Mastigophora Practical
AT
AT
BRS
AT, JMcG
LAD
LAD
LAD
C LAB
18
Mon.
13/2
9.00 - 10.00
10.00 – 11.00
11.00 – 12.30
L
L
P
Tickborne Disease II
Tickborne Disease III
Tickborne Disease Practical
BRS
BRS
BRS, JMcG
AHTC
AHTC
C LAB
Tues.
14/2
9.00 - 10.00
10.00 – 11.00
11.00 – 12.30
L
L
P
Flies I
Flies II
Flies Practical
AT
AT
AT, JMcG
LAD
LAD
C LAB
Mon.
20/2
10.30 – 11.30
11.30 – 12.30
L
L
Burrowing Mites
Non Burrowing Mites
BRS
BRS
AHTC
AHTC
Tues.
21/2
10.00 – 11.00
11.00 – 12.30
L
P
Lice & Fleas
Mites, Lice & Fleas
JG
BRS, JG, JMcG
LAD
C LAB
Mon.
27/2
9.30 – 10.30
10.30 –12.30
L
P
Intro to OEA
Revision Practical
All staff
BRS, JG, AT,
JMcG
AHTC
C LAB
Tues.
28/2
10.30 - 12.30
P
Revision Practical
BRS, JG, AT,
JMcG JMcG JmcG
JMcG
C LAB
Mon.
6/3
am
pm
19
20
21
AT
BRS, AT, JMcG
LAD
C LAB
Written Examination
Practical Examination
*
C LAB*
AT - Prof. Andy Tait; ED - Prof. Eileen Devaney; JG - Dr. John Gilleard; BRS- Prof. Brian Shiels;
JMcG - Mr. James McGoldrick
Assembly Hall (AH) Large Animal Demonstration Lecture Theatre (LAD), Class Lab (C LAB),
Animal Health Technology Centre Lecture Hall, Weipers Centre (AHTC)
* See Notice Board for times/place
28
Veterinary Parasitology
Veterinary Parasitology - Third Year
Term III - Whitsun 2006
Wk
22
23
24
25
26
Time
Subject
OEA time
Location
Day
Wed.
Date
12/4
Lecturer
Fri.
14/4
Wed.
19/4
10.30 – 13.30
Revision Tutorials*/Practical
C LAB
Fri.
21/4
10.30 – 13.30
Revision Tutorials*/Practical
C LAB
Wed.
26/4
10.30 – 13.30
Revision Tutorials*/Practical
C LAB
Fri.
28/4
10.30 – 13.30
Revision Tutorials*/Practical
C LAB
Wed.
3/5
10.30 – 13.30
Revision Tutorials*/Practical
C LAB
Fri.
5/5
10.30 – 13.30
Revision Tutorials*/Practical
C LAB
Wed
10/5
10.30 – 13.30
Revision Tutorials*/Practical
C LAB
Fri
12/5
10.30 – 13.30
Revision Tutorials*/Practical
C LAB
Fri
26/5
9.30 – 12.30
15.00 – 16.30
Professional Exam
Practical Exam
*
C LAB
TBA*
Mon
5/6
VIVAS
*
Deadline for OEA submission
27
28
29
30
AT - Prof. Andy Tait; ED - Prof. Eileen Devaney; JG - Dr. John Gilleard; BRS- Prof. Brian Shiels;
JMcG - Mr. James McGoldrick
Class Lab (C LAB)
* See Notice Board for times/place
Professional exam dates to be confirmed
29
Course Information
PAST EXAMINATION PAPERS
Note:
Papers prior to 2004/2005 are in a different format.
30
Veterinary Parasitology
Monday 29th August 2005
9.30am - 12.30pm
UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW
THIRD PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATION - B.V.M.S.
Veterinary Parasitology
SECTION 1 – ESSAYS
Answer 3 questions from the possible 4 questions listed below.
Use a separate book for each question.
1.
What is meant by the terms obligate and facultative myiasis ? Taking an example of
one ectoparasite species responsible for each of these conditions, discuss the life
cycle, pathogenesis and the epidemiology of the disease they cause.
2.
Describe the pathogenesis of bovine ostertagiosis. Discuss the clinical presentation of
this disease and the factors you would consider when making a diagnosis, including a
description of the available diagnostic tests.
3.
The life cycle of Toxocara canis involves several routes of infection. Describe each of
these highlighting the most important route of transmission in dogs. Describe the
factors that contribute to the persistence of infection in the dog population.
4.
Describe the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii and the routes of transmission between
hosts. Explain why this parasite is an important cause of ovine abortion and perinatal
mortality in lambs. What methods can be implemented to control disease caused by
this parasite?
31
Course Information
Friday 27th MAY 2005
9.30am - 12.30pm
UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW
THIRD PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATION - B.V.M.S.
Department of Veterinary Parasitology
SECTION 1 – ESSAYS
Answer 3 questions from the possible 4 questions listed below.
Use a separate book for each question.
1. Discuss the role of mosquitoes in the transmission of the dog heartworm Dirofilaria
immitis. Describe the epidemiological features that determine the spread of this infection. List
possible methods of preventing canine heartworm disease, explaining which methods are
best.
2. Discuss the epidemiology of the bovine lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus in the UK.
Explain how and why the epidemiology has changed over the last 10-15 years. Briefly discuss
how this parasite is best controlled.
3. Using your knowledge of the parasite life cycles, discuss why the epidemiology and
pathogenesis associated with Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum are
significantly different.
4. You are called to a poultry farm as a result of the farmer reporting watery diarrhoea in
some of the chickens. What protozoan parasites could be responsible? How would you
ascertain if the cause was parasitic and identify the species responsible? Outline the life cycle
of the parasite and the epidemiology of the disease. Discuss how the type of rearing effects
the control measures appropriate for dealing with both the current situation and preventing
future outbreaks.
32
Veterinary Parasitology
Monday 30 August 2004
9.30am - 12.30pm
UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW
THIRD PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATION - B.V.M.S.
Department of Veterinary Parasitology
SECTION 1 – ESSAYS
Answer 3 questions from the possible 5 questions listed below.
Use a separate book for each question.
Ensure that your correct MATRICULATION NUMBER is on each book.
1. Arrested larval development (ALD) is an important feature of the life cycle of several
important nematode parasites. Describe the role of ALD in the life cycle, pathogenesis
and epidemiology of cyathostomins in the horse. What features of the biology of
cyathostomins contribute to their veterinary significance?
2. Explain how and why the epidemiology of Nematodirus battus differs from that of
Teladorsagia (Ostertagia) circumcincta
3. Discuss why a warm wet summer is likely to increase losses in livestock productivity
due to Fasciolosis. What measures would you consider to control against such losses.
4. What protozoan parasites infecting the gut of young stock are zoonotic? Describe the
life cycles of these parasites, the pathogenic consequences of infection and their
diagnosis. Discuss the key factors and routes of transmission that lead to infection in
humans and livestock
5. Describe the differences between the life cycles and pathogenic significance of Ixodes
ricinus and Demodex canis.
33
Course Information
Monday 14 June 2004
9.30am - 12.30pm
UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW
THIRD PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATION - B.V.M.S.
Department of Veterinary Parasitology
SECTION 1 – ESSAYS
Answer 3 questions from the possible 5 questions listed below.
Use a separate book for each question.
Ensure that your correct MATRICULATION NUMBER is on each book.
1. Describe the life cycle of Echinococcus granulosus granulosus. How is this parasite
transmitted to humans? Describe how you would monitor the prevalence of infection
in domestic animals. What measures can be employed for controlling infection in
humans and animals?
2. Compare and contrast the clinical signs , pathogenesis and diagnosis of type 1 and
type 2 bovine Ostertagiosis.
3. Name the three Babesia species that are major pathogens of cattle. Describe the life
cycle of Babesia and the pathogenesis caused by infection. What control methods can
be adopted for preventing outbreaks of Babesiosis?
4.
A UK dairy farmer reports that a number of cattle appear to be infertile.
What protozoan parasite species could be responsible? Outline the life
cycles of these parasites and discuss the epidemiology, transmission and
control of infection.
5. Write short notes on:
(i)
(ii)
Feline flea allergic dermatitis
The life cycle and control of Dirofilaria immitis
34
Veterinary Parasitology
(iii)
Obligate myiasis in the horse
Monday 1 September 2003
9.30am - 12.30pm
UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW
THIRD PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATION - B.V.M.S.
Department of Veterinary Parasitology
SECTION 1 - ESSAYS
Answer 4 questions from the possible 6 questions listed below.
Use a separate book for each question.
Ensure that your correct MATRICULATION NUMBER is on each book.
1
Trypanosomiasis and East Coast Fever are major cattle diseases in East and Southern
Africa. List the species of parasites responsible for these two diseases and outline the
life cycle of one of these. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages available for the
control of the parasite you have chosen.
2
Discuss the role of the intermediate host in determining the severity and occurrence of
fasciolosis in the UK.
3
Dirofilaria immitis infection has spread rapidly in the USA over the past 20 years.
Based on your knowledge of the life cycle, describe the factors that contribute to the
spread of infection. How is this infection best diagnosed and controlled?
4
Compare and contrast the clinical features and epidemiology of Type I and
Type II bovine ostertagiosis.
5
Write short notes on the following:
 The parasite responsible for “warbles” and its significance in the UK.
 The veterinary significance, life cycle and diagnosis of leishmaniasis.
 How biology, life cycle and control differs between fleas and lice.
6
Write short notes on the following:
 The life cycle and epidemiology of Dipylidium caninum, including methods
of control.
 The reasons why cyathostomins are now the primary parasitic pathogens of
horses.
 Diagnosis of ovine toxoplasmosis.
35
Course Information
Monday 16 June 2003
9.30am - 12.30pm
UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW
THIRD PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATION
BVMS
Department of Veterinary Parasitology
SECTION 1 - ESSAYS
Answer 4 questions from the possible 6 questions listed below.
Use a separate book for each question.
You are advised to spend no more than 30 minutes on each question.
Ensure that your correct MATRICULATION NUMBER is on each book.
1
You are called to a poultry farm and the farmer reports that his broiler chickens are not
gaining weight and their faeces are watery. List the parasite species that could be responsible
for this problem and how you would definitively diagnose the different species concerned?
Describe the common life cycle of these parasites and discuss the advice you would give in
terms of controlling this infection based on the epidemiology. Outline how your advice
would differ in the case of layers or breeders.
2
Taking one example from the nematodes and one from the cestodes describe the life cycle of
two parasites that give rise to zoonotic infection. Describe how these infections are
transmitted to humans, the disease syndromes caused in the human host and the methods of
controlling the spread of infection.
3
Discuss how the epidemiology and control of the bovine lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus
differs from that of the major bovine gastrointestinal nematode species in the UK.
4
Mange of dogs can be a severe and debilitating disease. Name three genera of ectoparasites
that cause this condition and outline their epidemiology and pathogenesis. Describe how you
would differentially diagnose mange caused by these different genera.
5
Write short notes on the following
(a)
(b)
(c)
6
The pathogenesis of Ancylostoma caninum infection in the dog, describing how
animals become infected with this parasite.
Ovine haemonchosis
Pathogenesis and clinical signs of chronic fasciolosis
Write short notes on the following
(a)
(b)
(c)
Blow fly myiasis
The transmission and veterinary significance of Neospora caninum
Epidemiology of red water fever in the UK
36
Veterinary Parasitology
ESSENTIAL COMPETENCES REQUIRED OF THE VETERINARY SURGEON
INTRODUCTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
An important statutory function of RCVS is to determine the “standard of proficiency” and “knowledge and
skill” to fit veterinary surgeons for practising in the United Kingdom. The standard set for registration is a
key benchmark that affects the approval of veterinary degree courses in the UK and overseas, and should
also be seen as the starting point for consideration of an individual’s continuing education and training
needs after registration. Maintaining and further developing professional competence is a requirement for
all veterinary surgeons.
This document sets out the essential competences required of the veterinary surgeon for membership of the
Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons.
There are many definitions of ‘competence’ and many views on how it can be developed and assessed. In
general terms, however, competence is a concept that integrates knowledge, skills and attitudes, the
application of which enables the professional to perform effectively, and to respond to contingencies,
change, and the unexpected.
This document takes a broad definition of competence as being “the ability to perform the roles and tasks
required by one’s job to the expected standard” (Eraut & Boulay, 20001). The definition recognises that
requirements and expectations change depending on the job role and context. It also recognises that
competence develops, and that an individual may work ‘competently’ at many different levels, either at
different stages of their career, or indeed from one day to the next depending on the nature of their work.
Eraut and Boulay (2000) point out the importance of distinguishing between an individual’s competence –
what one can do, and performance – what one actually does. RCVS is concerned with competence when it
undertakes its primary function of determining “the standard of proficiency required for registration” and
ensuring that individuals “will have acquired the knowledge and skill needed for the efficient practice of
veterinary surgery” (Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966, section 3). Performance may be affected by factors
such as workload, working conditions, levels of support, and so on. The regulation of performance is a
function of RCVS through its statutory disciplinary powers.
The essential competences have been broken down into three main areas. They are:
-
A
General professional competences and attributes
-
B
describing the distinguishing characteristics of a veterinary surgeon
Underpinning knowledge and understanding
describing in general terms the breadth of knowledge and understanding needed for a
career as a veterinary surgeon, and for subsequent professional development in
-
C
whatever sphere of veterinary science the individual wishes to pursue
Practically-based veterinary competences
describing the basic practical competences that are expected at the point of graduation.
1 “Developing the Attributes of Medical Professional Judgement and Competence”, a review funded by the Postregistration
Medical and Dental Education Research Initiative of the Dept. of Health’s Policy Research Programme, by Professor
Michael Eraut and Benedict du Boulay, University of Sussex. The full paper is available on the web at
http:/www.cogs.susx.ac.uk/users/bend/doh
37
Course Information
The ten guiding principles of the RCVS Guide to Professional Conduct should be seen
as overarching requirements for registration (and by implication, continued
registration) with the College. The Guide states that:
Your clients are entitled to expect that you will: 1. make animal welfare your first consideration in seeking to provide the most appropriate
attention for animals committed to your care
2. ensure that all animals under your care are treated humanely and with respect
3. maintain and continue to develop your professional knowledge and skills
4. foster and maintain a good relationship with your clients, earning their trust, respecting their
views and protecting client confidentiality
5. uphold the good reputation of the veterinary profession
6. ensure the integrity of veterinary certification
7. foster and endeavour to maintain good relationships with your professional colleagues
8. understand and comply with your legal obligations in relation to the prescription, safe-keeping
and supply of veterinary medicinal products
9. familiarise yourself with and observe the relevant legislation in relation to veterinary surgeons
as individual members of the profession, employers, employees and business owners
10. respond promptly, fully and courteously to complaints and criticism.
ESSENTIAL COMPETENCES REQUIRED OF THE NEW VETERINARY
GRADUATE
“DAY ONE SKILLS”
A1 - GENERAL PROFESSIONAL SKILLS AND ATTRIBUTES
The new veterinary graduate should be able to:
A1.1
Communicate effectively with clients, the lay public, professional colleagues and responsible
authorities; listen effectively and respond sympathetically to clients and others, using language in a form
appropriate to the audience and the context
A1.2
Prepare clear case reports and maintain patient records in a form satisfactory to colleagues and
understandable by the public
A1.3
Work effectively as a member of a multi-disciplinary team in the delivery of services to clients
A1.4
Be aware of the ethical responsibilities of the veterinary surgeon in relation to individual patient care
and client relations, and also more generally in the community in relation to their possible impact on the
environment and society as a whole
A1.5
Be aware of the economic and emotional climate in which the veterinary surgeon operates, and respond
appropriately to the influence of such pressures
A1.6
Be willing to use one’s professional capabilities to contribute as far as possible to the advancement of
veterinary knowledge in order to benefit veterinary practice and further improve the quality of animal
care and public health
A1.7 Have an elementary knowledge of the organisation and management of a veterinary
practice, including:
 awareness of own and employer’s responsibilities in relation to employment and health and safety
legislation, and the position relating to lay staff and public liability
 awareness of how fees are calculated and invoices drawn up, and the importance of following the
practice’s systems for record keeping and book-keeping, including computer records and case reports
 ability to use information technology effectively to communicate, share, collect, manipulate and
analyse information
 importance of complying with professional standards and policies of the practice
A1.8
Understand the need and professional obligation for a commitment to continuing education and training,
and professional development, throughout one’s professional life
A1.9
Conduct oneself in a professional manner with regard to the veterinary surgeon’s professional and legal
responsibilities and understand and apply the ethical codes as set out in the RCVS Guide to Professional
Conduct
38
Veterinary Parasitology
A1.10
A1.11
A1.12
Be able to cope with uncertainty and adapt to change
Develop a capacity for self-audit and willingness to participate in the peer-review process
Be aware of personal limitations, and demonstrate awareness of when and from where to seek
professional advice, assistance and support.
(Commentary: This last item is considered to be one of the most important, and should guide all new veterinary
graduates when undertaking their professional duties. Veterinary surgeons undertaking procedures on
patients must at all stages in their careers be fully competent in their performance, or be under the
close supervision of those so competent. When in doubt, the new veterinary graduate must seek
professional support and in the interests of animal and human health, should not attempt to undertake
complex procedures unsupervised.)
B1 - UNDERPINNING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
The new veterinary graduate will need to have acquired a thorough knowledge and understanding of the
following:
B1.1
The sciences on which the activities of veterinary surgeons are based
B1.2
Research methods and the contribution of basic and applied research to all aspects of
veterinary science
B1.3
How to evaluate evidence
B1.4
The structure and functions of healthy animals, and all aspects of their husbandry
B1.5
The aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of the common diseases and
disorders that occur in the common domestic species in the UK
B1.6
Legislation relating to the welfare (including transport) of animals and notifiable diseases
B1.7
Medicines legislation and guidelines on responsible use of medicines
B1.8
The principles of disease prevention and the promotion of health and welfare
B1.9
Veterinary public health issues including zoonoses.
C1 - PRACTICAL COMPETENCES
The new veterinary graduate should be able to undertake the following:
C1.1
C1.2
C1.3
C1.4
Obtain an accurate and relevant history of the individual animal or animal group, and its/their
environment
Handle and restrain an animal safely and humanely, and instruct others in performing these techniques
Perform a complete clinical examination
Attend all species in an emergency and perform basic first aid
(Commentary: problems to be handled for any species include first aid management of haemorrhage, wounds, breathing
difficulties, eye & ear injuries, unconsciousness, clinical deterioration, burns, tissue damage, internal organ
damage and cardiac arrest. First aid to be applied includes bandaging, cleaning, immobilising limbs, resuscitation
procedures, haemorrhage control.)
C1.5
Assess correctly the nutritional status of an animal and be able to advise the client
on principles of husbandry and feeding
(Commentary: this applies to commonly presented cases and would not, for example, be expected to
include advanced nutritional advice for complex cases, eg. high performance horses, high
yielding diary cows, certain exotic or zoological species.)
C1.6
Collect, preserve and transport samples, perform standard laboratory tests, and interpret the results of
those generated in-house, as well as those generated by other laboratories
(Commentary: new graduates are expected to have a working knowledge of tests to be undertaken include conditions
relating to infectious & contagious diseases; alimentary system; respiratory system; circulatory system; urinary
system; nervous system; endocrine system; mucucutaneous system; musculoskeletal system; trauma; poisoning;
obstetrics; paediatrics; parturition; reproduction)
C1.7
C1.8
C1.9
C1.10
Use radiographic, ultrasonic, and other technical equipment which can be used as a
diagnostic aid, safely and in accordance with current regulations
Follow correct procedures after diagnosing notifiable, reportable and zoonotic diseases
Know and apply the RCVS twelve Principles of Certification correctly
Access the appropriate sources of data on licensed medicines; prescribe and dispense medicines
correctly and responsibly in accordance with relevant legislation and ensure that medicines and waste
are safely stored and/or disposed of
39
Course Information
C1.11
C1.12
Correctly apply principles of sterilisation of surgical equipment
Correctly apply principles of aseptic surgery
C1.13
Safely perform sedation, general and regional anaesthesia, implement chemical methods of
C1.14
restraint, and assess and control pain
Advise on, and administer appropriate treatment
(Commentary: the new veterinary surgeon must always seek professional advice and support if presented with a case
beyond his or her immediate capability – see item A.12)
C1.15
Recognise when euthanasia is necessary and perform it humanely, using an appropriate method, whilst
showing sensitivity to the feelings of owners and others, and with due regard to the safety of those
present; advise on disposal of the carcase
C1.16 Perform a basic gross post mortem examination, record details, sample tissues, store and transport them
C1.17 Perform ante mortem inspection of animals destined for the food chain and correctly identify conditions
affecting the quality and safety of products of animal origin
C1.18 Assess and implement basic health and welfare records (and production records
where appropriate)
C1.19 Advise on, and carry out preventive and prophylactic programmes appropriate to the species and
commensurate with accepted animal health, welfare and public health standards, seeking advice and
assistance where necessary from professional colleagues
C1.20 Minimise the risks of contamination, cross infection and accumulation of pathogens in the veterinary
premises and in the field.
40