A115 Equine Reproduction Test
Name _____________________________________
Date _____________
Matching
1. _______ Hormone produced in the follicle that causes the mare to come into heat.
2. _______ The release of the egg from the follicle.
3. _______ A period every 21 days when a mare is receptive to the stallion.
4. _______ Hormone produced by the corpus lutetium that causes the mare to go out of estrus.
5. _______ Develops in the crater left in the follicle after ovulation.
6. _______ The hormone that is produced if conception does not occur. It causes the corpus
lutetium to fade, allowing the mare to cycle.
7. _______ A mare is a seasonal breeder and will come into estrus several times per year but
does not cycle year around
8. _______ The first post partum (after birth) heat.
9. _______ The collection of semen from a stallion and the deposition of the semen into the mare
10. ______ The process of removing a embryo from a mare and placing the embryo in another
mare.
11. _______ Giving hormones to a group of mares so they come into heat at the same time.
12. _______ Responsible for sperm production, maturation & transport
13. _______ The act of giving birth.
14. _______ The first stool (manure) a new born foal will deliver.
15. _______ The first milk produced by the mother
A. Embryo Transfer
B. Prostaglandin
C. Foal heat
D. Meconium
E. Seminiferous Tubules
F. Corpus Lutetium
G. Parturition
H. Ovulation
I. Artificial Insemination
J. Colostrum
K. Estrogen
L. Poly Estrus
M. Estrus Cycle
N. Progesterone
O. Estrus Synchronization
True / False
16. ________ In November & December a stallion’s sperm count may be 50% of what it
would normally be in June or July.
17. ________ Colts reach sexual maturity as yearlings and it is a common practice to have
them start breeding a few mares as a yearling.
18. ________ A two-year-old stallion should settle no more than 10 mares per breeding
season.
19. ________ Estrus begins in fillies between one and a half and two years of age.
20. ________ It is recommended that a filly not be bred until three years of age.
21. ________ As spring commences, the estrus cycle will go from 6 to 8 days and shorten to 3
to 4 days as the days get longer.
22. ________ Twins are rare in horses and are considered an unexpected bonus.
23. ________ The corpus lutetium continues to produce progesterone throughout the
pregnancy.
24. ________ Progesterone helps thicken the uterine walls, preparing the uterus for the
developing embryo.
25. ________ The cervix is where fertilization takes place.
26. ________ The peak of the estrus cycle occurs in May when the days are the longest.
27. ________ By late Nov. the mare stops cycling altogether and remains inactive through the
winter months.
28. ________ The conception rate for foal heat is relative good, averaging about 70 %.
29. ________ The first “foal heat” is the recommended time to breed a brood mare.
30. ________ Fresh semen can remain viable up to three days from the time it was taken.
31. ________ An embryo transfer requires a risky surgery on the part of the donor and the
recipient.
32. ________ When doing an embryo transfer, usually two recipients are synchronized for the
one donor mare.
33. ________ If a successful embryo transfer is going to occur, the ovulation of both the
donor and the recipients must be timed to within 12 hours.
34. _______ In embryo transfer, the mare that carries the developing embryo genetically
influences the foal.
35. _______ Embryo flushing is performed 7or 8 days after insemination.
36. _______ If the umbilical cord does not naturally break during birth, one should use a
sterilized scalpel and cut it.
37. _______ If the newborn foal does not appear to be breathing and all the membranes have
been removed, a piece of straw can be inserted into the nasal passage way to
cause the foal to take a breath.
38. _______ After a foal is about 24 hours old, little if any colostrum antibody absorption
will occur.
39. _______ Frozen colostrum can be thawed in a microwave.
40. _______ Gradually separating the foal from the mare at weaning is recommended over an
abrupt separation.
Short Answer
41. List two advantages of pasture mating?
A.
B.
42. List two disadvantages of pasture mating?
A.
B.
43. The natural breeding cycle of a stallion and a mare peaks during the month of June, which
means in the wild, most mares will foal in the months of April and May. Name three reasons
these months are the ideal time for wild horses to foal as apposed to foaling in January or
February?
A.
B.
C.
44. Why do many breeders push mares to foal in January & February?
45. List four advantages of artificial insemination.
A.
B.
C.
D.
46. List two advantages and two disadvantages of an embryo transfer.
Advantages
A.
B.
Disadvantages
A.
B.
47. What are four physical signs that a mare is about to give birth?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Multiple Choice
48. What is the primary purpose of a pre-staging area?
A. It is used to commence the hormonal process in the stallion.
B. It allows the technician to read the mare and evaluate where she is in her estrus
cycle.
C. All of these are purposes of a pre-staging area.
49. The estrus cycle occurs every _____ days in a mare.
A. 6-7 days
B. 21 days
C. 14 days
D. 28 days
50. Ovulation occurs no more than _____ days after the start of estrus.
A. 4 days
B. 2 days
C. 6 days
D. 8 days
51. The egg is viable inside the mare for ___________ hours.
A. 4 to 6
B. 8 to 12
C. 15 to 20
D. 24 to 48
52. The sperm cells can survive inside the mare for _______ hours.
A. 4 to 6
B. 8 to 10
C. 15 to 20
D. 24 to 48
53. It takes _________ hours for the sperm cells to travel through the cervix, through the
uterus and into the oviduct to reach the egg.
A. 4 to 6
B. 8 to 10
C. 15 to 20
D. 24 to 48
54. How many days prior to ovulation should breeding occur?
A. 1 to 2 days
B. 3 to 5 days
C. 4 to 6 days
D. 21 days
55. The average gestation length for horses is?
A. 9 months
B. 350 days
C. 320 days
D. 11 months or 335 days
56. How quickly should the foal consume colostrum after birth?
A. 6 to 8 hours or sooner
B. 10 to 12 hours
C. 14 -16 hours
D. Within a 48 hour period of time.
57. Most foals are weaned at:
A. 2-3 months of age
B. 4-6 months of age
C. 9 months of age
D. as yearlings
58. Identify the following parts of the female reproductive system.
A. Vagina
B. Cervix
C. Urethral Orifice
D. The Bladder
E. Oviduct
F. Ovary
G. Uterine Horn
H. Uterine Body
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
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2. ______________________________
3. ___________________________
4. ______________________________
5. ___________________________
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7. ___________________________
8. ______________________________