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Grade – B5 Mountains & Volcanoes Vocabulary Word List Name: _______________________
1. sediment – solid materials such as rock fragments, plant and animal remains, or minerals that are carried by water or by air and that settle on the bottom of a body of water or on the ground
2. folded mountain – a mountain that forms as continental crust is compressed and rocks bend into large folds
3. fault-block mountain – a mountain that forms as blocks of rock move up or down along normal faults in areas where the lithosphere is being pulled apart
4. volcano – an opening in the crust through which molten rock, rock fragments, and hot gases erupt; a mountain built up from erupted materials
5. shield volcano – volcano shaped like a broad, flat dome that is built up of many thin layers of hardened lava
6. cinder cone – volcano that has steep sides and is a loose pile of volcanic rock fragments
7. composite volcano – volcano usually cone-shaped and is built up of layers of hardened lava and of rock fragments
8. lava – molten rock that reaches a planet’s surface through a volcano
9. pyroclastic flow – a dense cloud of superheated gases and rock fragments that moves quickly downhill from an erupting volcano
10. acid rain – rain that has become more acidic than normal due to pollution
11. hot spring – place where heated water flows to Earth’s surface
12. geyser – a type of hot spring that shoots water into the air
13. fumarole – a vent in a volcanic area, from which smoke and gases arise
14. deep-sea vents – hot springs that form at spreading centers in the ocean