WLHS / BIO / Monson
STUDY GUIDE - Unit 2 - BIOCHEMISTRY (Chapter 2)
Your study guide is not only an excellent guide to preparation for your exams, it is also a homework
assignment. Your completed study guide work will be handed in on the day of each Unit Exam.
Words to know:
atom
ion
atomic number
nucleic acid
isotopes
ionic bond
monosaccharides
glycerol
enzyme
carbohydrate
element
activation energy
molecule
atomic number
covalent bond
disaccharides
fatty acid
amino acid
dehydration synthesis
reactant; product
protein
hydrolysis
mass number
hydrogen bond
polysaccharides
phospholipids
nucleotides
substrate
cholesterol
lipid
catalyst
active site
pH scale
fats
steroid
peptide bond
Questions to answer:
1) List the four most abundant elements in the human body:
2) Sketch an atom of carbon-12 in the space below. Label the protons, neutrons, electrons, nucleus, and
energy levels.
3) Why is a complete atom electrically neutral?
4) How is an ion formed?
5) Distinguish between an ionic bond and a covalent bond.
6) (a) Explain what pH measures.
(b) In the space below draw the pH scale. Label the numbers and indicate where on the scale
represents a neutral solution, an acidic solution, and a basic solution.
7) Complete the following chart:
Element
Symbol
# of pro.
# of elec.
# of neut.
Atomic #
Mass # /
Atomic wt.
Boron-11
5
5
6
5
11
11B
Fluorine-19
Magnesium-24
Silver-108
Lead-207
Barium-137
8) Sketch two water molecules, showing
a hydrogen bond between them:
9) List at least 3 properties of water that are exhibited due to hydrogen bonding:
10) Distinguish between the components of a solution:
● SOLUTE:
● SOLVENT:
11) What is the difference between a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, and a polysaccharide? Give an example of
each.
12) Distinguish between a “dehydration synthesis” reaction and a “hydrolysis” reaction.
● DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS:
● HYDROLYSIS:
13) Complete the following chart:
Compound:
Elements:
Monomers /
Bldg blocks:
Function(s):
Example:
Source in diet:
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid
14) Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fats. Give an example of each.
● Saturated fat:
Example(s):
● Unsaturated fat:
Example(s):
15) Summarize the levels of protein structure listed below:
● PRIMARY:
● SECONDARY:
● TERTIARY:
● QUATERNARY:
16) What is meant by the term “denatured”? What conditions cause this?
17) What is the relationship between DNA and proteins?
18) Define the following terms:
● ENZYME:
● SUSBRATE:
● ACTIVE SITE:
19) (a) How does temperature affect enzymes?
(b) How does pH affect enzymes?
(not applicable)
Metric Conversions / Dimensional Analysis
20) The average person in the United States uses 340 L of water daily. Convert this to milliliters.
21) The distance between New York City and San Francisco is 4,741,000 meters. Now, this may sound
impressive, but to put all those digits on a car odometer is slightly inconvenient. Change this distance to
kilometers.
22) Convert 7265 mL to L.
23) What metric unit AND prefix would be most convenient to measure each of the following?
a. the diameter of a giant sequoia tree
b. the diameter of a human hair
c. time necessary to blink your eye
d. mass of gasoline in a gallon
e. mass of a cold virus particle
f. amount of aspirin in a bottle
g. mass of concrete to pave a parking lot
24) What word prefixes are used in the metric system to indicate the following multipliers?
a) 1 x 103
b) 1 x 10-3
c) 0.01
d) 1 x 10-6
25) An antacid tablet contains 168 mg of the active ingredient ranitidine chloride. How many grams of the
compound are in the tablet?
26) A mile is equivalent to 1.609 km. Determine the number of centimeters in a mile.
27) A paper clip is 3.2 cm long. What is its length in millimeters?
28) An average red blood cell is about 6.0 μm across. Calculate its size in millimeters.