Eight Parts of Speech
-Writers Inc pgs. 501-517
1. NOUN – a word that names a person, a place, or an idea.
i.e. force, people, Ernest, display, talents, limelight, definition.
2. PRONOUN – a word used in place of a noun
i.e. I, you, she, him, here, who, everyone, these, neither, which, theirs
3. VERB – a word that expresses action or state of being.
i.e. float, sniff, tagged, spoiling, field, train, were, was, is, are, can
4. ADJECTIVE – a word that describes a noun or pronoun.
i.e. young, big, grim, favorite, good, quiet, Canadian, longer, yellow
5. ADVERB – a word that describes a verb, an adjective,
or another adverb.
i.e. briefly, forward, better, considerably, easily, slowly, always
6. PREPOSITION – a word(s) that shows the relationship
between a noun or a pronoun and another word in a
sentence.
i.e. away from, under, before, with, for, out of, like, after, from, since
7. CONJUNCTION – a word(s) that connects other words or
groups of words.
i.e. and, but, or, not, for, yet, so, either, neither, whether, after, that
8. INTERJECTION – a word(s) that shows strong emotion
or surprise.
i.e. Oh no!, Yipes!, Wow!, Look!, Well,…
Review of Grammar Lesson #1
Ernest, who is invited nearly everywhere by friends, had his
favorite definition of “life of the party.” He believes that a person can
be in the limelight merely by being a good listener. “People at a party,”
he says, “welcome a chance to make a big impression. If you are quiet
and listen attentively, you give them an opportunity to make a grand
display of their talents. If you let other people impress you, they will be
impressed by your graciousness.”
Ernest, who is invited nearly everywhere by friends, had
his favorite definition of “life of the party.” He believes that a
person can be in the limelight merely by being a good listener.
“People at a party,” he says, “welcome a chance to make a big
impression. If you are quiet and listen attentively, you give
them an opportunity to make a grand display of their talents.
If you let other people impress you, they will be impressed by
your graciousness.”
NOUNS – Ernest, friends, definition, limelight, people, party,
chance, display, talents, graciousness
PRONOUNS – He, you, they, other, who
ADJECTIVES – favorite, good, big, quiet, grand
Ernest, who is invited nearly everywhere by friends, had his
favorite definition of “life of the party.” He believes that a
person can be in the limelight merely by being a good listener.
“People at a party,” he says, “welcome a chance to make a big
impression. If you are quiet and listen attentively, you give
them an opportunity to make a grand display of their talents. If
you let other people impress you, they will be impressed by
your graciousness.”
PART TWO:
The destructive force of the atom is familiar to all of us,
but we know considerably less about the atom’s constructive
uses. Materials like sulfur, zinc, and iodine can be made
radioactive for scientific purposes. The atoms of such materials
are said to be “tagged” with radioactivity. Their movements
can be easily traced with a Geiger counter.
NOUNS – force
PRONOUN - their
PREPOSITION – like
ADVERB – considerably, easily
CONJUNCTION - and
The destructive force of the atom is familiar to all of us,
but we know considerably less about the atom’s constructive
uses. Materials like sulfur, zinc, and iodine can be made
radioactive for scientific purposes. The atoms of such materials
are said to be “tagged” with radioactivity. Their movements
can be easily traced with a Geiger counter.
REVIEW: Language Activities – pg 119 from Skillsbook
This summer I’m going on a backpacking trip with my fried Aaron
and his dad. We’re going to hike through Yellowstone National Park for
five days. Backpacking is a lot like camping, but you have to carry
everything you need while you hike.
Aaron has been backpacking before, so last weekend he helped me load my
new backpack so I could practice using it. The first thing we packed was
clothing, including a warm sweater and jeans for when we go up into the
mountains-it gets cold there Next I added a small bag with my flashlight,
my toothbrush, and some sunscreen. Then I attached my sleeping bag to the
bottom of the pack.
I will have to carry more than just my personal gear, though. Our camp
stove and a big cooking pot went into my pack next. They’re really heavy, but
Aaron has to carry something even heavier: our tent.
Though I don’t think I’ll be able to make it for long, Aaron says that I’ll be
walking around easily once I get used to the pack on my shoulders. He says
the trails are not exactly like sidewalks in our neighborhood. In fact, some
may be snow-covered, rocky, and steep. When we go up into the mountains,
we will have to adjust to the higher elevations. Wow, I can’t wait.
REVIEW: Language Activities – pg 119 from Skillsbook
This summer I’m going on a backpacking trip with my fried Aaron
and his dad. We’re going to hike through Yellowstone National Park for
five days. Backpacking is a lot like camping, but you have to carry
everything you need while you hike.
Aaron has been backpacking before, so last weekend he helped me load my
new backpack so I could practice using it. The first thing we packed was
clothing, including a warm sweater and jeans for when we go up into the
mountains-it gets cold there! Next I added a small bag with my flashlight,
my toothbrush, and some sunscreen. Then I attached my sleeping bag to the
bottom of the pack.
I will have to carry more than just my personal gear, though. Our camp
stove and a big cooking pot went into my pack next. They’re really heavy, but
Aaron has to carry something even heavier: our tent.
Though I don’t think I’ll be able to make it for long, Aaron says that I’ll be
walking around easily once I get used to the pack on my shoulders. He says
the trails are not exactly like sidewalks in our neighborhood. In fact, some
may be snow-covered, rocky, and steep. When we go up into the mountains,
we will have to adjust to the higher elevations. Wow, I can’t wait.
4 Nouns, 4 pronouns, 5 verbs, 5 adjectives, 5 adverbs, 5 prepositions, 7
conjunctions
Review Diagramming Sentences – Just for fun!!!
KEY: Sentences have to have a subject and a verb
#1 To diagram draw a horizontal line on your paper.
Print this sentence on the line – Chris fishes
Draw a vertical line between the subject and verb.
#2 Draw another horizontal line on your paper.
Print this sentence on the line – Fish are delicious
Draw a vertical line between the subject and verb.
Draw a slanted (\) line between the verb and predicate adjective.
#3 Draw another horizontal line on your paper.
Print this sentence on the line – WAIT – just print the subject,
verb, and predicate noun – Fishing is my favorite hobby
i.e. Fishing is hobby
Draw a vertical line between the subject and verb.
Draw a slanted (\) line between the verb and predicate noun.
Draw two slanted line under the predicate noun for the pronoun
my and the adjective favorite.
HAVING FUN YET?
Grammar Lesson #2 – Getting Sentence Parts to Agree
- Writers Inc pgs 526 - 528
KEY: A verb must agree in number (singular or plural) with its
subject.
i.e. The student was proud of her quarter grades.
Do not be confused by words that come between the subject and
verb.
i.e. The manager, as well as the players, is required to display good sportsmanship.
KEY: A subject can come after the verb.
i.e. There are many hardworking students in our schools.
KEY: Compound subjects connected with and usually require a
plural verb.
i.e. Strength and balance are necessary for gymnastics.
KEY: Singular subjects joined by or or nor take a singular verb.
i.e. Neither Bev nor Kendra is going to the street dance.
KEY: Indefinite pronouns – each, either, neither, one,
everybody, another, anybody, everyone, nobody, everything,
somebody, and someone require a singular verb.
i.e. Everybody is invited to the cafeteria for refreshments.
Some indefinite pronouns are plural – both, few, many, and
several.
Don’t be confused by words or phrases that come between the
indefinite pronoun and the verb.
All, any, most, none, and some are singular if the number in the
noun in the prepositional phrase is singular; plural is noun is
plural.
i.e. Most of the food complaints are coming from the seniors.
KEY: Relative pronouns – (who, which, that) the number of the
verb is determined by the antecedent (word to which the
pronoun refers) of the pronoun. i.e. This is one of the books that are
required.
AGREEMENT OF PRONOUN AND ANTECEDENT – Writers Inc. pg. 528
(The antecedent is the word to which the pronoun refers)
KEY: Use a singular pronoun to refer to such antecedents as
each, either, neither, one, anyone, anybody, everyone,
everybody, somebody, another, nobody, and a person.
i.e. Neither of the brothers likes his (not their) room.
KEY: Use a plural pronoun to refer to antecedents joined by
and.
i.e. Jared and Carlos are finishing their assignments.
KEY: Use a singular pronoun when two or more singular
antecedents are joined by or or nor.
i.e. Either Connie or Sue left her headset in the library.
KEY: When a person or everyone is used to refer to both sexes
or either sex, you will have to choose whether to offer optional
pronouns or rewrite the sentence.
i.e. A person should be allowed to pursue his or her interests. (optional pronouns)
People should be allowed to pursue their interest. (rewritten in plural form)
Lesson #2 - Test Answers
Pg. 24 – Subject in Blue, verb in Red
1. There is only one wonder that still stands.
2. Everyone in Egypt knows about the ancient pyramid of
Khufu.
3. Either Earline or Helga says that four huge cathedrals could
fit inside this pyramid.
4. How many of the wonders were destroyed by earthquakes?
5. One of the wonders was sold for scrap metal.
6. Jeremy and Angelo are building a model of the Hanging
Gardens of Babylon.
7. A committee decides on seven new wonders.
8. Anyone with a suggestion has the right to submit it.
9. Many tall buildings in this country are being considered.
10. There are many modern creations that would qualify.
Exercise B – pg 24
1. Nan and Aretha bought their own tickets.
2. She or Sally will lend you her books.
3. One of the men forgot to bring his tools.
4. The captain of the women’s basketball team brought her own
coin to the coin toss.
5. Each new student has a guide assigned to him or her.
6. Both of the girls had their notes handy.
7. Neither of the boys finished his job.
8. All citizens should accept their responsibilities.
9. Few boys on the cricket team did their best.
10. Anybody can learn to play mah-jongg if he or she will
concentrate.
Grammar Lesson #2 – pg. 25
1. A person is always pleased when others laugh at their jokes.
Replace with his or her
2. Neither of the children know how to swim. (Singular)
Replace with knows
5. Only a brave person would risk their life in such a heavy sea.
Replace with his or her
7. Neither John nor Bob had gotten their hair cut.
Replace with his
8. I think nobody could do this job by themselves.
Replace with himself or herself.
11. Bread and bagels was not on the same aisle of the grocery
store.
Replace with were
12. Each of her grandparents live alone.
Replace with lives
16. Anybody can build their own boat with this kit.
Replace with his or her
20. Will either of the nurses finish their rounds before
midnight?
Replace with his or her
21. Some who act in community theaters find his or her future
career.
Replace with their