Sacred places in medieval Scandinavia: Recommended Literature
1
Background and methodological problems
Blair, John (ed.): Minsters and Parish Churches. The Local Church in Transition. 950-1200.
[Oxford University Committee for Archaeology. Monograph No. 17.] Oxford, 1988.
Bossy, John: ‘The Mass as a Social Institution. 1200-1700’. Past & Present. Vol. 100. 1983
(s. 29-61).
Brooks, Nicholas, ‘England in the Ninth Century: The Crucible of defeat’. In: idem,
Communities and Warfare 700 – 1400. London and Rio Grande 2000.
Brown, Peter, The Rise of Western Christendom. 2nd Ed., Oxford 2002. [‘Introduction’ pp. 134; ‘In gear dagum, “In Days of Yore”: Northern Christendom and its Past’ pp. 463-488.]
Carver, Martin [ed], The Cross Goes North: Processes of Conversion in Northern Europe, AD
300 – 1300. York 2003. [Especially: Urbanczyk, P., ‘The Politics of Conversion in North
Central Europe’ pp. 15-28; Pluskowski, A. and Patrick, Ph., ‘How do you pray to God?’
Fragmentation and Variety in Early Medieval Christianity, pp. 29-57 (with bibliography); and
‘Part IV: From the Alps to the Baltic’ pp. 413-579].
Cavill, Paul, Vikings. Fear and Faith. London, 2001.
Byock, J. L., Medieval Iceland. Society, Sagas, and Power. Berkeley, 1988.
Colvin, Howard, Architecture and the After-Life. New Haven & London, 1991.
Davidson, Linda Kay & Maryjane Dunn-Wood: Pilgrimage in the Middle Ages. A Research
Guide. New York & London, 1993.
Dubois, Thomas A., Nordic Religions in the Viking Age. Philadelphia 1999.
Edsman, Carl-Martin, ‘Opening Address at the Symposium on Encounters between Religions
in Old Nordic Times and on Cultic Place-Names, arranged by the Donner Institutre 19-21
August 1987’. in: Ahlbäck, Thore (ed), Old Norse and Finnish religions and Cultic PlaceNames [Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis XIII]. Stockholm and Åbo 1990. pp. 9-34.
Effros, B., Beyond cemetery walls: early medieval funerary topography and Christian
salvation, in: Early Medieval Europe 6 [1997] pp. 1-23.
Finnestad, Ragnhild B., ‘The Study of the Christianization of the Nordic Countries. Some
Reflections’. in: Ahlbäck, Thore (ed), Old Norse and Finnish religions and Cultic PlaceNames [Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis XIII]. Stockholm and Åbo 1990. pp 256-272.
Fletcher, Richard, The Conversion of Europe. From Paganism to Christianity 371-1386AD.
London, 1998. [Chapter 11:’Scandinavians Abroad and at Home’, pp. 369-416]
France, James: The Cistercians in Scandinavia. [Cistercian Studies Series: 131. Kalamazoo,
Mich. 1992
Sacred places in medieval Scandinavia: Recommended Literature
2
Geary, Patrick J.: Sacred commodities: the circulation of medieval relics. In: The social life of
things. Commodities in cultural perspective. Arjun Appadurai (ed.). Cambridge, 1986 (s. 169191).
Gislason, Jónas, ‘Acceptance of Christianity in Iceland in the Year 1000’. in: Ahlbäck, Thore
(ed), Old Norse and Finnish religions and Cultic Place-Names [Scripta Instituti Donneriani
Aboensis XIII]. Stockholm and Åbo 1990. pp. 223-255.
Graham-Campbell, James (ed.) 1994. Cultural atlas of the Viking world, Andromeda Oxford.
«The Vikings Overseas», pp. 122-198
Gurevich, Aron, Popular and scholarly medieval cultural traditions: notes in the margin of
Jack Le Goff`s book. Journal of Medieval History. 9/83. 1983 (s. 71-90).
Helander, Sven, ‘The Liturgical Profile of the Parish Church in Medieval Sweden’. In: Th.
Heffernan, E. Ann Matters [eds], The Liturgy of the Medieval Church. Kalamazoo, Michigan :
Western Michigan University 2001. pp. 145-186.
Helle, Knut 1995. «Part I - Down to 1536.» Norway: A History from the Vikings to Our Own
Times (ed. Rolf Danielsen et al.), Bergen, pp. 1-119.
Holmberg, Bente, ‘Views on Cultic Place-Names in Denmark. A Review of Research’. in:
Ahlbäck, Thore (ed), Old Norse and Finnish religions and Cultic Place-Names [Scripta
Instituti Donneriani Aboensis XIII]. Stockholm and Åbo 1990. pp 381-393
Howe, John M.: The Conversion of the Physical World. In: The Creation of a Christian
Landscape. Varieties of Religious Conversion in the Middle Ages. James Muldoon (ed.).
Univ. Press of Florida, 1997 (s. 63-78).
Iversen, G., Transforming a Viking into a Saint: The Divine Office of St. Olav, in: M.E.
Fassler & R.A. Baltzer [eds.], The Divine Office in the Latin Middle Ages. Oxford: Oxford
University Press 2000 pp. 401 ff.
Jensenius, Jørgen H., ‘Research in Medieval, Norwegian Wooden Churches. Relevance of
Available Sources’. In: Mäntysalo, R. & Nyman,K. (eds), Proceedings of the Nordic
Research Symposium Architecture and Materials. Oulo 2001 (NTNU: Institute for
Architectural History) pp. 8-41.
Jóhannesson, Jón, A History of the Old Icelandic Commonwealth. Translated by Haraldur
Bessason. Winnipeg, 1974.
Jolly, Karen Louise, Popular religion in Late Saxon England: Elf Charms in Context. Chapel
Hill & London 1996 [especially chapters 1-3]
Lawrence, Clifford Hugh, Medieval Monasticism. Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe
in the Middle Ages, 2nd ed., London & New York 1989.
Sacred places in medieval Scandinavia: Recommended Literature
LeGoff, Jacques, Medieval Civilization. Oxford (1988) 1999.
Lynch, Joseph H.: The Medieval Church. A brief history. London & New York, 1992.
Miller, W. I., Bloodtaking and Peacemaking. Feud, Law, and Society in Saga Iceland.
Chicago, 1990.
Reynolds,R.E., ”Mass, Liturgy of the”, in: J. Strayer [ed], Dictionary of the Middle Ages.
Vol. 8, pp. 181-197. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons 1987.
Roesdahl, E. and Wilson, D.M. (eds), From Viking to Crusader. Scandinavia and Europe
800-1200. 1992.
Sawyer, Peter: The process of Scandinavian Christianization in the tenth and eleventh
centuries. The Christianization of Scandinavia. Birgit Sawyer, Peter Sawyer & Ian Wood
(eds.). Alingsås, 1987 (s. 68-87).
Sawyer, Peter: Dioceses and Parishes in Twelfth-Century Scandinavia. In: St Magnus
Cathedral and Orkney`s Twelfth-Century Renaissance. Barbara E.Crawford (ed.). Aberdeen,
1988 (s. 36-45).
Sawyer, Peter (Ed), The Oxford illustrated history of the Vikings, Oxford 1997
Sawyer, Birgit and Peter, Medieval Scandinavia. From conversion to reformation, circa 8001500, Minneapolis, London, 1993.
Solli, Brit: Narratives of Veøy. An Investigation into the Poetics and Scientifics of
Archaeology. Universitetets Oldsaksamlings Skrifter. Ny rekke. Nr. 19. Oslo, 1996.
Stefansson, M.,”Church Organization and Function: Norway”, in Ph. Pulsiano et al. [Eds],
Medieval Scandinavia. An Encyclopedia. New York & London, 1993 pp. 88-92.
Stutz, Ulrich: The Proprietary Church as an Element of Medieval Germanic Ecclesiastical
Law. In: Medieval Germany. 911 – 1250. Essays by German Historians. Translated with an
Introduction by Geoffrey Barraclough. Volum II. Essays. Fourth impression. Oxford, 1967
(1938) (s. 35-70).
Sørensen, John K., ‘The Change of Religion and the Names’. in: Ahlbäck, Thore (ed), Old
Norse and Finnish religions and Cultic Place-Names [Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis
XIII]. Stockholm and Åbo 1990. pp 394-403.
Trigger, Bruce G., A history of archaeological thought. Cambridge 1989 (Chapter 8: «Neoevolution and the New Archaeology», chapter 9: «The explanation of diversity», pp. 289369).
Wood, Ian: Christians and pagans in ninth-century Scandinavia. In: The Christianization of
Scandinavia. Birgit Sawyer, Peter Sawyer & Ian Wood (eds.). Alingsås, 1987 (s. 36-67).
3
Sacred places in medieval Scandinavia: Recommended Literature
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Wood, Michael: The Making of King Aethelstan`s Empire: an English Charlemagne? In:
Ideal and Reality in Frankish and Anglo-Saxon Society. Patrick Wormald (ed.). Oxford, 1983
(s. 250-272).
Sources:
Two voyagers at the court of King Alfred, Lund, N. (ed.) and C. Fell (transl.), York 1984.[also
in: M. Swanton (ed), Anglo-Saxon Prose. London (1993) 1996.]
The Poetic Edda, translated by Carolyne Larrington, Oxford University Press, 1996. Hávamál
(«Sayings of the High One») str. 1-77; Voluspá («The Seeress's Prophecy»); Skirnismál
(«Skirnir's Journey»); One heroic poem from the cycle of Sigurd Fåvnesbane: Fáfnismál
(«The lay of Fáfnir»)
Snorri Sturluson: Edda, translated and edited by Anthony Faulkes, London 1998. Prologue
(pp. 1-6), Gylfaginning (pp. 7-58).
Volsunga saga. The Saga of the Volsungs, introduction and translation by Jesse L. Byock,
University of California Press 1990.
The “Kuli” stone
Jelling II
The “Frösö” stone
Secondary Literature:
Abou-El-Haj, Barbara 1997. The Medieval Cult of Saints: Formations and Transformations,
Cambridge University Press. Part I: «Historical formations of the cult of saints», pp. 5-60.
Andersson, Aron 1970. The art of Scandinavia, vol. 2, London, 1970 («St Olaf's sanctuary at
Trondheim and the earliest stone architecture in Norway», pp. 149-167, «The architecture of
the religious orders», pp. 175-232.)
Andrén, Anders, Doors to other worlds: Scandinavian Death Rituals in Gothlandic
perspectives. In: Journal of European Archaeology 1 (1993) pp. 33-55.
Anker, Peter 1970. The art of Scandinavia, vol. 1, London, 1970 ( «The stave churches», pp.
201-244 (Urnes, Borgund and Hopperstad), «The origin and development of the Norwegian
stave churches, and their sculpted portals», pp. 376-447).
Sacred places in medieval Scandinavia: Recommended Literature
5
Bell, Catherine, Ritual Theory – Ritual Practice. Oxford 1992.
Blindheim, Martin, Painted wooden sculpture in Norway c. 1100-1250. Oslo, 1998
(«Preface», p. 7, «Introductory discussions», pp. 11-16, «The techniques used by artisans»,
pp. 17-24).
Brendalsmo, Jan A., The Christianization of Vestfold, Norway. Medieval Europe 1992.
Religion and Belief. Pre-printed Papers. Volume 6. ; York, 1992 (s. 133-141).
Brendalsmo, Jan A., The Landscape of the Dead. Was burial in the parish churchyard
obligatory in the Middle Ages? NIKU 1994-1999. Kulturminneforskningens mangfold. NIKU
temahefte 31. Grete Gundhus, Elisabeth Seip & Eli Ulriksen (red.). Oslo, 1999 (s. 53-60).
Brink, Stefan, ‘Cult Sites in Northern Sweden’. in: Ahlbäck, Thore (ed), Old Norse and
Finnish religions and Cultic Place-Names [Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis XIII].
Stockholm and Åbo 1990. pp 458-489
Brooks, Nicholas, European Medieval Bridges: A Window onto Changing Concepts of State
Powers. In: idem, Communities and Warfare 700-1400. London and Rio Grande 2000.
Byock, J. L. 1988, Medieval Iceland. Society, Sagas, and Power. Berkeley
Ellmers, Detlev, «Valhalla and the Gotland Stones.» The ship as symbol in prehistoric and
medieval Scandinavia (ed. Ole Crumlin-Pedersen & Birgitte Munch Thye), København,
(Publications from the National Museum, Studies in Archaeology & History Vol I, 1995 pp.
165-171.)
Hohler, Erla Bergendahl, Norwegian stave church sculpture, vol. 2, Oslo, 1999. (Chapter 2,
«Understanding stave church decoration», pp. 9-25, chapter 5, «The production», pp. 39-53).
*Ingstad, Anne Stine 1995. «The interpretation of the Oseberg-find.» in: The ship as symbol
in prehistoric and medieval Scandinavia (ed. Ole Crumlin-Pedersen & Birgitte Munch Thye),
København, [Publications from the National Museum, Studies in Archaeology & History Vol
I, pp. 139-147.]
Jóhannesson, Jón, A History of the Old Icelandic Commonwealth. Translated by Haraldur
Bessason. Winnipeg, 1974
Krogh, Knud J.: The royal Viking-Age monuments at Jelling in the light of recent
archaeological excavations. Acta Archaeologica. 53/82. 1983 (s. 183-216).
Lidén, Hans-Emil: From Pagan Sanctuary to Christian Church. The Excavation of Mære
Church in Trøndelag. Norw. Arch. Review (1969) 2. 1969b (s. 3-21, 27-32).
Sacred places in medieval Scandinavia: Recommended Literature
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Mazo, Jefferey Alan: Sacred knowledge, kingship, and Christianity: Myth and cultural change
in medieval Scandinavia. The Sixth International Saga Conference 28.7-2.8. 1985. Workshop
papers I. København, 1985 (s. 751-762).
Miller, W. I. 1990, Bloodtaking and Peacemaking. Feud, Law, and Society in
Saga Iceland. Chicago, 1990
Nilsson, Bertil (red), Kontinuitet i kult och tro från vikingatid till medeltid. [Prosjektet
Sveriges kristnande. Publikationer 1] Uppsala 1992 [four essays on the problem of cult
continuity, with summaries in English]
Norwegian medieval altar frontals and related material (Acta ad archaeologiam et artium
historiam pertinentia, XI) (ed. M. Malmanger, L. Berczelly, S.H. Fuglesang), Rome 1995.
(Blindheim, Martin: «Norwegian painted altar frontals from the Middle Ages as objects of
research», pp. 1-7. Morgan, Nigel: «Western Norwegian panel painting 1250-1350: problems
of dating, styles and workshops», pp. 8-23. Fuglesang, Signe Horn: «Norwegian frontals with
tituli: Nedstryn and Kinsarvik», pp. 25-30)
Næss, Jenny-Rita: The Significance of Orientation Elements in Iron Age Burial Customs at
Voss: A Tentative Interpretation. Norw. Arch. Review (1970) 3. 1970 (s. 73-83).
Rindal, Magnus and Berg, Knut, «Introduction.» in: King Magnus Håkonssons's laws of
Norway and other legal texts, Oslo, 1983 pp. 9-20, 26-35.
Sigurðsson, Jón Viðar, Chieftains and Power in the Icelandic Commonwealth. Translated by
Jean Lundskær-Nielsen, Odense, 1999.
General reference works:
Dictionary of the Middle Ages. [J. Strayer, ed.] New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons 1987.
Kulturhistorisk leksikon for nordisk middelalder, København 1956-78.[2. oppl. Viborg, 1981]
Lexicon des Mittelalters, Lachen am Zürichsee 1999
Medieval Scandinavia (ed. Philip Pulsiano), New York & London 1993
The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England [M. Lapidge et al eds] Oxford, 1999.