E1290
v. 2
GUIDELINES
Environmental Assessment Requirements
and
Identification of Impacts and Mitigation
Access to Financial Services
(formerly Rural Finance Project)
Ukraine and World Bank
June 2003
Contents
1. Introduction
2. World Bank Requirements
Safeguard Policies
Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook
Environmental Assessment
3. Step by Step Procedure
1
2
2
4
4
6
Annex A – Impacts, Consequences, Mitigation and Related Legal
Instrumentation for Rural Enterprises other than Agriculture
20
A-1: Extraction Industry (mining)
A-2: Extraction Industry (forestry and fishery)
A-3: Manufacturing
A-4: Electricity, Heating and Water
A-5: Construction
A-6: Trade
A-7: Hotels and Restaurants
A-8: Transport
A-9: Telecommunications
A-10: Housing Rental and Services for Enterprises
21
24
27
29
32
34
35
36
37
37
Annex B: Impacts, Consequences, Mitigation and Related Legal
Instrumentation for Agriculture
38
B-1: Seed
B-2: Pedigree Seed
B-3: Fertilizer
B-4: Pesticides
B-5: Pedigree Livestock
B-6: Livestock for Finishing
B-7: Land Purchase
B-8: Tractors
B-9: Land Preparation
B-10: Other Farm Implements
B-11: Small Equipment
B-12: Grain Drying Equipment
B-13: Irrigation Equipment and Maintenance
B-14: Vehicles
B-15: Farm Buildings for Stock, Machinery and Equipment
B-16: Storage Facilities (fuel, grain and other produce)
B-17: Primary Processing
B-18: Fencing Materials
B-19: Fuel and Lubricants
B-20: Veterinary Services
i
39
40
41
43
45
46
47
48
50
51
51
52
52
53
54
55
55
56
57
58
Tables
1.
2.
3.
4.
World Bank Safeguard Policies
World Bank Environmental Categories
Probable Uses of Farm Credit
Agricultural Activities Affecting Different Components
of the Environment
5. Guidelines for Determining Scoring for Each Impact
6. Description of Rural Enterprises by Broad Categories
7. Summary of Potential Major Environmental Impacts of
Rural Enterprises (other than agriculture)
ii
3
5
8
13
14
16
19
Preamble
Environmental and social systems are continually under pressure worldwide as society
endeavors to expand its development activities. Despite efforts of many nations and
international organizations to adopt a more sustainable approach to development, we
witness daily affronts to our environment. These are reflected in the continuing
permanent losses of valuable natural resources that include agricultural soils, primeval
forests, aquatic and other critical ecosystems, ocean fisheries, and species of animals and
plants. These losses along with deteriorating air and water quality have serious economic
costs, particularly the latter which often can be directly related to illnesses that have to be
addressed by national health programs. Often the losses are small in any one instance but
cumulatively they represent significant impacts to the environment and the economy.
The environment is everyone’s business and is not only the concern of governments with
its myriad of often ineffective environmental decrees and laws, or the efforts of
international watchdogs. Society as a whole has a responsibility to ensure that global
resources are developed and managed on a sustainable basis and is protected for future
generations. Particular responsibility rests with the various lending institutions that
provide the necessary capital for development. It is important that these institutions
accept their share of responsibility for ensuring that the environment is protected and that
the natural resource base is developed and managed in a sustainable fashion. To this end,
lending institutions must be aware of the effects that their fiscal actions can have on the
environment and establish lending regulations and guidelines based on the concepts of
sustainable development. Traditionally investment officers at all levels are recognized
and rewarded for their ability to attract business and dispense with loans. If the
environment is to be taken more seriously, a paradigm shift will be required and
investment officers will have to be recognized for their ability to attract sustainable
development activities. Incentives will have to be based, not on the overall size of their
investments, but on the nature of the investments in terms of their sustainability and their
benign impact on the environment.
Such a paradigm shift must come from within the investment institution at the highest
level. Recognition for the environment will have to be paramount. The lending
institution, which realizes that investing in sound sustainable development, and the
borrower who reflects this philosophy, makes good business sense. The world is
increasingly becoming concerned with the state of the environment and many leading
edge businesses already actively promote their own efforts towards sustainable and
responsible environmental management. They recognize that such an approach provides a
foundation for a strong and growing business.
It will be the business of each and every investment officer to ensure that potential
investments are scrutinized for their ability to operate within a set of acceptable
environmental parameters and that these investments will cause no undo harm to the
environment.
iii
Diagram of Cause and Effect – Consequences of Loss of Mountain Forests
Loss of life
Loss of property
Flooding
Impoverishment
Hydro and irrigation schemes affected
Modification or loss
of fishery
Aquatic ecosystem modified
Hydrological regime altered
Loss of water
retention
Soil erosion
Water quality
affected
Loss of productive
forest land
MOUNTAIN
FOREST
REMOVED
Sediment load
increased
Loss of
livelihood
Channels closed
Impoverishment
Shortened life span of
hydro and irrigation
schemes
Interference with water
transportation
Impoverishment
Loss of productive
agricultural land downstream
Coral reef damaged
Impoverishment
Climate
modification
s
Loss of habitat
Loss of rainfall
Loss of
agricultural
productivity
Reduction in species
Reduction in biodiversity
Rare and
endangered species
Loss of habitat
Loss of
livelihood
Loss of coral
community
Impoverishment
Extinction
Impoverishment
Loss of resource for subsistence groups
iv
Rare/endangered
species
Extinction
1. Introduction
The World Bank-financed Rural Finance Project (RFP) provides loans to farm and nonfarming enterprises and individuals in the rural areas of Ukraine through financial
intermediaries. The staff of these intermediaries responsible for the selection of subprojects to be financed by loans under the RFP are skilled in the areas of finance,
accounting and money management. They are not environmental experts even though in
the course of screening potential sub-projects they must ensure that World Bank social
and environmental policies are not contravened.
This manual is intended to provide to those responsible for assessing the viability of subprojects for loans a simple step by step procedure to follow to ensure that potential subprojects receive the required attention from environmental and social points of view.
The purpose of the guidelines is four-fold:




To assist in determining when and what type of conditions should be placed on a
sub-project that may have a significant impact on the physical / social
environment
To supplement input from the environmental authorities
To provide a basis upon which to monitor sub-projects from an environmental
standpoint
To determine whether a sub-project to be financed is a World Bank (hereafter
referred to as Bank) Category A or Category B project, and to assist in the
identification of other environmental and social policies of the World Bank that
may be affected (these policies are known as the World Bank Safeguard Policies)
The overall intention of the manual is to ensure that sub-projects selected for loans will
have minimal effect on the environment.
The manual is based on the Environmental Review conducted in October 2002 for the
Rural Finance Project.
The user is encouraged to adhere to the sequential step by step procedure presented in the
manual.
It is advisable to use a team approach for the environmental review of potential activities.
In some instances where impacts could be significant, it would be judicious to include a
representative of the Government’s environmental authority (e.g. MENR) on the review
team.
1
2. World Bank Requirements
Safeguard Policies
The World Bank’s commitments to environmental and social protection are reflected in
its ten safeguard policies. These are stated and summarized in Table 1. It is up to the
lending institution to ensure that these policies are not violated. The following is a list of
questions which, if answered in the affirmative, would indicate that the safeguard policy
(indicated in brackets) may be triggered and a more in-depth analysis, with possible
consultation with World Bank staff, may be required.
Question: Does the project fall into a World Bank Category A or Category B for
environmental assessment purposes? (Environmental assessment – see Section 3)
Question: Will the project involve the removal of natural forest cover or the
establishment of forests on lands currently covered with other natural vegetation?
(Forestry)
Question: Will the project involve the removal of a significant area of important
natural habitat that provides a base for important fauna / flora? (Natural habitat)
Question: Will the project involve the production / storage / application of large
quantities of chemical pesticides? (Pest management)
Question: Will the project require the removal of people (regardless of number)
from their homes and the dismantling of these homes? (Involuntary resettlement)
Question: Will the loss of livelihood be a direct result of the project? (Involuntary
resettlement)
Question: Will the project directly affect indigenous people or already marginalized
groups? (Indigenous people)
Question: Will the project lead to the removal, significant alteration or destruction
of archaeological sites, historic buildings and sites (e.g. battlefields), and local
cultural sites including cemeteries? (Cultural properties)
Question: Will the project involve the rehabilitation of, or the building of, a dam
(e.g. irrigation dam) greater than 15 meters in height? (Dam safety)
Question: Will the project in any way cause an alteration of the quality or quantity
of an international waterway or its major tributaries? (International waterways)
Question: Is the project to occur in an area that is currently, or is likely to be, under
dispute by a neighboring country? (Disputed areas)
2
Table 1: World Bank Safeguard Policies
Safeguard Policy
Brief Description
Environmental
assessment (EA)
Natural habitat
Bank financed projects must be environmentally sound and sustainable. Type and detail of
EA dependent on nature, scale and potential environmental risks. (see section 2.2)
The Bank supports the protection, maintenance and rehabilitation of natural habitats and
does not support projects that involve the significant conversion or degradation of critical
natural habitats.
Policy relates to forest harvesting, sustainable forest management and plantation
establishment.
The Bank supports the use of biological or environmental control of pests and strategies
that reduce the reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. It supports integrated pest
management and the safe use of agricultural pesticides.
People who have to be removed or who lose their livelihood as a result of the project must
be resettled, compensated for all of their losses and they must be provided with a situation
that is at least as good as the one from which they came
Local indigenous people or distinct groups who are marginalized in society who could be
adversely affected by the project
The Bank supports the preservation of cultural properties which includes sites with
archaeological, palaeontological, historical, religious and unique natural values. It seeks to
avoid impacts on such sites.
Bank financed new dams must be designed and built under the supervision of competent
professionals. Dams over 10 meters in height are of concern particularly if there is a large
flood handling requirement or the dam is in a zone of high seismicity and or where
foundations and other design features are complex.
Any project that may affect the water quality or quantity of a waterway shared with other
nations. Projects could include
Forestry
Pest management
Involuntary resettlement
Indigenous peoples
Cultural properties
Dam safety
Projects on international
waterways
Projects in disputed
areas
Projects in disputed areas could affect relations between the country within which the
project is being developed and neighboring countries. Disputes would be dealt with at the
earliest opportunity.
Note: For detailed explanation of each safeguard policy refer to the World Bank website, specifically,
www.worldbank.org/environment/op_policies.htm
3
Likely Application to
Rural Development
Highly likely, particularly
for large scale projects
Possible, particularly with
expanding agricultural
activities
Possible
Highly likely for
agricultural projects
Possible but not likely
Not likely
Possible, particularly with
rural enterprise
development
Only in the case of large
irrigation projects which
are not likely to occur
under the project
Possible: with water
extraction and industrial
effluents
Not likely
Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook
This handbook describes pollution prevention and abatement measures and emission
levels that are normally acceptable to the Bank. However, borrower country legislation
and local conditions must also be considered.
Environmental Assessment
The World Bank requires environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for Bank
financing (including those that are financed through a financial intermediary) to help
ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable. The EA takes into account
the natural environment; human health and safety; social aspects and transboundary and
global aspects. Projects developed through on-lending by the financial intermediary will
fall into one of three different Categories: A, B, C.
Category A: Includes projects likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts
that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. A full EIA will be required. Mitigation may
not be possible for some impacts.
Category B: Includes projects that have potential adverse impacts which would be less
significant than those expected from a Category A project and impacts that can be more
readily mitigated. The scope of the EA for this category is much narrower than the full
EIA required for Category A projects.
Category C: Projects which are likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental
impacts fall into this category.
Table 2 provides a list of examples of projects that fall into the two main environmental
assessment categories.
REMINDER: All EAs require a minimum level of public
involvement – the more the better, which will result in
strong support and comprehensive identification of
problems and issues and the best solutions for these.
REMINDER: Ensure that all stakeholders are identified.
4
Table 2: World Bank Categories for Environmental Assessment Purposes
Category A Projects
(projects/components which
may have diverse and
significant impacts – normally
require EA)
. dams and reservoirs
. forestry production projects
. industrial plants (large scale)
and industrial estates,
including major expansion,
rehabilitation, or modification
. irrigation, drainage and flood
control (large scale)
. aquaculture
. land clearance and leveling
. reclamation and new land
development
. resettlement
. river basin development
. manufacture, transportation
and use of pesticides or other
hazardous and/or toxic
materials
. new construction or major
upgrading of highways or rural
roads
5
Category B Projects
(projects/components which
may have diverse and
significant impacts – more
limited environmental analysis
appropriate)
. agroindustries (small scale)
. electrical transmission
. irrigation and drainage (small
scale)
. renewable energy
. rural electrification
. tourism
. rural water supply and
sanitation
. watershed projects
(management or rehabilitation)
. protected areas and
biodiversity conservation
. rehabilitation of highways or
rural roads
. rehabilitation or modification
of existing industrial facilities
(small scale)
. energy efficiency and energy
conservation
Diagram Showing Step by Step Environmental Screening Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 3
Step 13
Step 8
Step 14
Step 9
Step 15
Step 10
Step 12
Step 16
Step 11
Step 17
6
3. Step by Step Procedure to Identify World Bank Project Category and to Determine
Environmental Effects of the Project
Step 1

Is this an agricultural project? (refer to Table 3 indicating activities that would
determine an agricultural project [note: there could be other agricultural projects
not included in this table])

If the answer is YES, proceed to Step 2.

If the answer is NO, proceed to Step 13.
Step 2

Does the activity have an irrigation or drainage component?

If the answer is YES, proceed to Step 3.

If the answer is NO, proceed to Step 4.
7
Table 3: Probable Uses of Farm Credit
. Seed
. Pedigree and HYV seed
. Fertilizer
. Pesticides
. Pedigree livestock*
. Livestock for finishing
. Land rental
.Tractors
. Farm implements (land preparation,
sowing and harvesting implements)
. Land preparation (tractor hire)
. Small equipment*
. Grain drying equipment
. Irrigation equipment
. Vehicles (for market and land
access)
. Farm buildings for stock,
machinery, and chemicals
. Storage facilities (fuel, grain and
other produce)
. Fencing materials*
. Primary processing equipment (e.g.
milking equipment)
. Fuel, lubricants, spare parts and
other operating requirements
. Veterinary services
REMINDER: Refer to appropriate Ukrainian legislation
regarding environmental assessment requirements and
specific laws and conventions for environmental
protection.
8
Step 3

Does this project have a large irrigation / drainage component?
(large = greater than 10 ha)

If the answer is YES, the project will be a Category A project and the proponent will
be responsible for conducting a comprehensive EIA.

If the answer is NO, the project will be a Category B project and the proponent will be
responsible of conducting a less comprehensive EA that will identify the probable
impacts and the mitigation necessary.

For both Category A and B projects, refer to Annex B-13 for potential impacts and
mitigation.
Step 4

Does the activity involve the significant regulation (e.g. by dam or diversion) of a
natural watercourse?

If the answer is YES, the project will be a Category A project and the proponent will
be responsible for conducting a comprehensive EIA. Refer to Annex B for potential
impacts and their mitigation of agricultural projects.

If the answer is NO, proceed to Step 5.
9
Step 5

Does the activity involve the involuntary resettlement of people?

If the answer is YES, the proponent will require a resettlement and compensation
action plan. Unless the resettlement issue is significant, other aspects of the project
will determine the Category (A or B) of the project.

If the answer is NO, proceed to Step 6.
Step 6

Does the activity involve the use of fertilizers, pesticides or other chemicals in large
quantities (to cover lands exceeding 20ha in area)?

If the answer is YES, the project will be a Category A and the proponent will be
required to provide a comprehensive EIA, with special focus on impacts as they relate
to the use and handling of chemicals and on cumulative effects, and a clear plan for
mitigating these impacts.

If the answer is NO, but small quantities (on areas less than 20ha) of chemicals are to
be used this is a Category B. The proponent will be required to demonstrate good
management of chemicals – their use and handling.

If no chemicals are to be used, proceed to Step 7.

For both Category A and Category B projects, refer to Annexes B-3 and B-4 for
potential impacts of fertilizers and pesticides.
10
Step 7

Does the project involve agricultural processing on a large scale?

If the answer is YES the project will be a Category A and a full EIA will be required.
(refer to Annex B-17 for potential impacts and mitigation measures).

If the answer is NO, but the project involves agricultural processing on a small scale,
the project will be a Category B and the proponent will be required to prepare an EA
which will clearly identify potential impacts and the mitigative actions (refer to Annex
B-17) to be taken.

If the project does not involve agricultural processing, proceed to Step 8.
Step 8

To this point in the procedure, projects with major potential impacts have been
addressed and the World Bank Category has been determined. Now the investment
officer will address the categorization of other agricultural projects that result in
environmental impacts.

The investment officer is encouraged to refer to the impact/mitigation tables (Annex B
for all potential agricultural activities). The tables of Annex B are also useful to those
responsible for conducting EAs for Category A and Category B projects.

Table 4 indicates the important environmental components affected by various
agricultural activities.

Proceed to Step 9.
11
Step 9

Determine the Category of other projects which do not involve the major impacts
discussed in the previous steps (e.g. resettlement, surface and ground water
regulation, effects of agricultural chemicals).

List possible significant environmental impacts that could result (as a guide, refer to
Table 4 for most likely effects for each of 20 categories of projects).

List the level of significance of each of the possible impacts (H,M,L) using Table 4 as
a guide.

Determine an overall score for magnitude of impacts (using Table 5 as a guide),
noting that each impact of any one activity requires its own individual score – the
cumulative score of impacts for any one activity will provide the overall score for that
activity

Proceed to Step 10.
NOTE: Identifying the impacts is a judgement decision and is best made in consultation
with fellow loan officer.
12
Table 4: Agricultural Activities (Inputs) Affecting Different Components of the Environment
Agricultural Activity
Veterinary services
Fuel, lubricants, etc.
Primary processing
Fencing materials
Storage facilities
Farm buildings
Vehicles
Irrigation equipment
(+)
Grain drying equip.
equipment
Small equipment
Land Preparation
Farm implements
Tractors
Land rental
Livestock for finishing
Pedigree livestock (+)
Pesticides
Fertilizer
Pedigree seed
Seed (+)
Important Environmental Component
Physical Environment
Micro climate
M
Air quality
L L
L
L
H
Water quality – chemical
M H H
H
M
H
Water quality – physical
M
H
Soil quality – chemical
H
H
Soil quality – physical
L
H
L
H
H
Soil Erosion
H
M H
M H
M M L
L
M
Soil Fertility
M
Salinization
H
Waterlogging
H
Increased surface drainage
H
M M M H
L
L
Groundwater losses
M
Terrestrial Ecosystems
Surface water losses
H
H
H
L
L
Biodiversity loss
H
H
H
L
L
Loss of natural ecosystems
H
H
L
L
L
Natural forest loss
M H
Other natural vegetation
H
H
H
L
L
Weed invasion
M
M
M
Invasion of new species
H
M
Aquatic Ecosystems
Biodiversity loss
H H
H
Modif. of natural ecosystems
H H
M
H
L
H
Weed invasion
H H
H
Sedimentation
H
H
M H
L
L
Socioeconomic Environment
Human health and safety
M H
H
H
H
Food contamination
H
M
H
Increased flooding
L
M
Increased mudflows/ landslides
M
Desertification
M M
H
H – potential high impact; M – potential moderate impact; L – potential low impact; H – potential high impact; M – potential moderate impact; L – potential low impact
13
Table 5: Guidelines for Determining Scoring of Each Impact
Level of Significance
Guidance for Significance of
Score Examples
Impacts
None
There is no detectable impact of any 0
A procurement project
kind as a result of the activity
with no direct impacts
Low
Small changes, possibly
1
Market facilities: social
measurable; usually confined to a
disruption and water
small area
pollution
Moderate
Measurable losses, or system
3
Processing – water
disruption; system able to continue
contamination.
without mitigation.
A few households to be
A few (10 or <10) households to be
resettled to make way
resettled.
for a processing plant
High
Substantial losses or system
5
Animals purchased for
disruption: system would probably
finishing – overgrazing
still function, albeit at a lower level;
and/or deforestation
an impact that is irreversible.
over a moderate area
>10 households to be resettled.
Large scale erosion
Very High
Major losses of ecosystems or
7
Not applicable
irreversible ecosystem or social
system disruption; system unable to
function without mitigation or major
compensation program; a large
impact that is irreversible
Note: The loan officer must consider the size and extent of each project. For instance, even though a landleveling project would fall under the World Bank Category A, if it occurs over a very small area, the impact
would be deemed low. Size and extent of the effects of the activity for purposes of determining level of
significance of the impact(s) will be based on professional judgement.
Step 10

If a score is less than 5 the project will be a Category B and an EA will
include impacts description, mitigative measures to be taken, and good
practices to be followed, to address impacts (refer to Annex A [nonagricultural projects] or B [agricultural projects]).

Ensure that mitigative measures are incorporated into conditions of
any loan.

If score is 5 or greater, proceed to Step 11.
REMINDER: Individual impacts may be small and
insignificant on their own but cumulatively they may
result in very significant impacts on the environment.
14
Step 11

With a score of 5 or greater the project will be a Category A and will
require a comprehensive EIA.

In preparation for a comprehensive EIA, refer to the tables in
Annexes(non-agricultural projects) and B (agricultural projects).

Discuss preliminary analysis with MENR officials for input and support.

Ensure that EIA includes comprehensive mitigative measures
description within the environmental management plan.

Proceed to Step 12
NOTE: A score of 5 or more could be the result of two low scores (e.g. 2
and 3) for the same project activity
Step 12

As part of the environmental management plan, prepare a monitoring
schedule and ensure implementation of mitigative measures and good
practices.

Monitor activity on a regular basis.
15
Step 13

If project is a non-agricultural project:

Categorize the project as per the categories in Table 6.

If the project falls into either “Trade” or “Housing rental and
services for enterprises”, the impact scoring will be less than 5
(return to Step 10), otherwise:

Proceed to Step 14.
Table 6: Description of Rural Enterprises by Broad Categories
Broad Categories
Extraction industry (mining)
Extraction industry (forestry
and fishery)
Manufacturing
Electricity, heating and water
Construction
Trade (wholesale and retail)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport
Post and telecommunications
Housing rental and services
for enterprises
Description
. includes any form of mining (precious, semi-precious,
aggregates, sand, quarrying). For purposes of this
environmental review, renewable extraction activities are
included as a separate sub-category (forestry and fisheries)
. includes all forest harvesting activities and related activities
such as log transport and sawmilling; includes any activities
related to the harvesting of fishery resources
. includes agro-processing for oils, fruits, wines, sugar
refining, along with other non-agricultural manufacturing
activities
. State heating and water companies: provision of heating,
domestic water supplies and sewage treatment
. companies in the building trade to provide residential and
business construction as well as roads and other public and
private construction; includes maintenance
. all wholesale and retail trade
. self explanatory
. all forms of transport
. primarily the provision of telecommunication services
. rental companies; services to include secretarial,
maintenance, delivery, etc.
16
Step 14

Does the project clearly fall within one of the project descriptions
indicated for Category A or B in Table 2?

If yes, categorize the project and determine whether it requires a
comprehensive EIA (Category A) or an EA of less intensity (Category
B)

If the project does not clearly fall into Category A or Category B,
proceed to Step 15.
Step 15

Does the activity involve the significant regulation (e.g. by dam or
diversion) of a natural watercourse?

If the answer is YES, the project will be a Category A project.

If the answer is NO, proceed to Step 16.
17
Step 16

Does the activity involve the involuntary resettlement of people?

If the answer is YES, the proponent will require a resettlement and
compensation action plan. Unless the resettlement issue is significant,
other aspects of the project will determine the Category (A or B) of the
project.

If the answer is NO, proceed to Step 17.
Step 17

List possible significant environmental impacts that could result (as a
guide, refer to Table 7 for most likely effects for each of 10 categories
of projects).

List the level of significance of each of the possible impacts (H,M,L) as
indicated in Table 5. (Determine an overall score for magnitude of
impacts (using Table 5 as a guide); noting that each impact of any one
activity requires its own individual score – the cumulative score of
impacts for any one activity will provide the overall score for that
activity )

Return to Step 10.
NOTE: Identifying the impacts is a judgement decision and is best made
in consultation with fellow loan officers
18
Table 7: Summary of Potential Major Environmental Impacts of Rural Enterprises
(other than agriculture)
Enterprise Category
Potential Impacts
Extraction industry (mining)
.biophysical and archaeological losses
.water pollution
.air emissions
.noise, dust and vibrations
.aesthetics
Forestry: .biodiversity loss
.loss of forest cover
.loss of habitat
Fishery: .biodiversity loss
.population dynamics
.aquatic ecology altered
.loss of species
.water pollution
.air pollution
.biodiversity loss
Electricity: .aesthetics
.community disruption
.loss of forest cover
Heating: .air pollution (direct/indirect)
Water: altered aquatic systems
.water table lowered
.water pollution (sullage)
Waste water treatment:
.water pollution
Location: .biophysical losses
.aesthetics
Construction phase: .soil erosion
.soil and water pollution
None
.water pollution
.disease
aesthetics
.water pollution
.air pollution
.aesthetics
.erosion
None
Extraction industry (forestry
and fishery
Manufacturing
Electricity, heating and water
Construction
Trade (wholesale and retail)
Hotels and restaurants
Transport
Post and telecommunications
House renting and services for
enterprises
Level of
Significance
High
High
very high
moderate
high
High
High
High
High
High
low-mod.
High
very high
very high
high
High
High
High
Moderate
High
High
low-mod.
High
High
High
High
Moderate
High
High
High
High
Low
Moderate
Low
None
REMINDER: Although many activities may have potentially a very
significant negative impact on the environment, most can be addressed
through good practices and other simple mitigative approaches. In most
cases, the impacts that remain (the residual impacts) following mitigation
are insignificant.
19
Annex A
Impacts, Consequences, Mitigation
And
Related Legal Instrumentation
For
Rural Enterprises other than Agriculture
20
Table A – 1a
Extraction Industry (mining): All forms of mining including pit and underground are included. All stages are considered including planning, site, operation
and decommissioning. The major concerns with the extraction industry include: i) loss of biophysical and cultural features; ii) effluents from the operation; iii)
noise, dust and vibration from operations; iv) air emissions where on-site processing occurs; and, v) aesthetics.
Potential Direct Impacts
Potential Indirect Impacts
Consequences
Mitigation Required
Residual Impacts to
be Expected
Loss of important biophysical or
Loss of educational and
Loss of natural heritage,
Careful siting of mine;
No losses if mine is
archaeological site
scientific values
biodiversity and cultural heritage;
no mine allowed.
moved or banned
altogether
Mitigation will be
difficult.
Loss of agricultural land
Food production losses;
Ensure that important
Profitable mining
Loss of jobs and income
agricultural lands are
opportunities will not
protected from mining
likely be halted by
activities;
agricultural activities.
Ensure comprehensive
Food production losses
compensation for
will likely occur.
farmers
Often full
compensation is not
Mitigation will be
achieved.
difficult.
Effluents contaminate surface
Modification of aquatic
Loss of biodiversity; loss of fishery; Effluent storage and
If properly handled and
water (includes effluent from
ecosystems
loss of potable water supply
appropriate treatment
disposed of, there
dumps and tailings)
should be no residual
Mitigation will be
effect.
moderately easy.
Air emissions where some on-site
Low aesthetic value;
Deteriorating health; lost work days Stack emissions to be
Cannot eliminate all
processing is allowed and from
Contribution to cumulative
in line with national
emissions; contribution
combustion of refuse
impact on air quality
standards.
to cumulative impact
Prevent combustion in
dumps.
Mitigation will be
easy.
Soil sag over underground
Loss of productive land
Threat to human safety
Effective mining
None if engineering is
excavations
Loss of buildings
Loss of agricultural land
engineering
carried out effectively
Loss of groundwater
Loss of water supply
arrangements that will
prevent sagging
Cont’d
21
Aesthetics
Loss of visitors to area,
particularly if area is one with
tourist attractions
Loss of local employment,
reduction in socioeconomic
conditions
Noise, dust and vibrations
Threat to public health
Lost work days and income
Overall potential impact
Residual impact
Level of risk
Biophysical/
cultural
High
None
High
Landscaping, reduction
of emissions.
Mitigation will be
easy.
Timing of operations,
dust control.
Mitigation will be
moderately easy.
There will always be
evidence of a mine
Can not eliminate
essential components
of the operation
Water pollution
Noise, dust, vibration
Air emissions
Soil sag
Aesthetics
High
None
Moderate
Moderate
Low – Moderate
Low
High
Low
Low
Moderate
Low
Low-Moderate
High
Moderate
Low
22
Table A-1b: Relevant Legislation and Policies: Extractive Industry (mining)
Subject
Legal Instrument
A1/1a: Art.14, 54 and 66 of Ukraine’s Constitution; Art. 3,10,12,26-29,40,51,68 of the Law on Ukraine on Environmental
Biophysical and
Protection; Art. 5,6-11,13-15,39-43,50 of the Law of Ukraine on Environmental Impact Assessment.; Cl.79-1 of the Code of
archaeological sites
Ukraine on Administrative Offences; Resolution of Ukraine’s Verkhovna Rada (re: procedure for restriction, suspension or
termination of operations of enterprises, institutions, organizations and facilitates due to noncompliance with environmental
legislation;
A-1/1c: Art.14-16,22,27,30-37,43-45 of the Law of Ukraine on Cultural Heritage Protection; Cl.85,87,90,91,92 of the Code of
Ukraine on Administrative Offences; Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine(03.13.02 No316 regarding approval of the
procedure for granting permits to conduct archaeological surveys, excavations, other earthworks; Par.36-41 of the List of Activities
under Enviropolitics as approved by Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (09.17.96 No. 1147); The Law of Ukraine
on t he Further Development of the Mining and Metallurgical Sector
A-1/1b: Cl.23 of the Land Code of Ukraine; Cl.17,23,24,26,27,49,53,65 of the Code of Ukraine on Mineral Deposits; Art.22, 34-36
Agricultural production
of the Mining Law of Ukraine; The Law of Ukraine on Product Distribution; Para.1,4,5,8,15 of the Resolution of the Cabinet of
Ministers of Ukraine (07.27.95 No 554. And regarding activities and facilities posing increased environmental danger); Para. 27,38
of the Resolution of Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (06.08.98, No841 regarding procedure for organization and conduct of
international tenders for contracting for the use of mineral deposits);
A-1/2: Economic and other activity which leads to the contamination of land and soil over and above the specified permissible
Effluent contaminants
concentration of dangerous substances is banned. Cl. 167-172,207,211 of the Land Code of Ukraine; Cl.72 of the Water Code of
Ukraine; the Law of Ukraine on Waste Products. [+ A-1/1a, A-1/1b, A-4/1b, A-4/2]
A-1/4: Requirement to comply with terms established in permits for effluent and reduction of such effluents. Art. 8-9,12-16,26Air emissions
28,44-45 of the Law of Ukraine on Ambient Air Protection; Art. 19 of the Law of Ukraine on Assuring the Sanitary and
Epidemiological Welfare of he Population; Art. 241 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine; Art. 78,79,79-1,96,96-1 of the Code of
Ukraine on Administrative Offences; Art. 48-50,55,56 of the Code of Ukraine on Mineral Deposits. [+A-1/1a]
A-1/5: The use of property may not do harm to the interests of society, degrade the environmental situation and the natural qualities
Soil sag over
of land. Cl. 1,5 (Para. d and i), 23,66 (Part4),91,96104,111,143,156,157,166-168 of the Land Code of Ukriane; Cl. 48-50,55,56 of
underground
the Code of Ukraine on Mineral Deposits; Cl. 254 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine; [+A-1/1a, A-1/1b]
excavations
A-1/6: Art. 1,3,63 of he Law of Ukraine on Environmental Protection; Cl. 50-54,91,96,104,111 (para. e and f),112,164 (para. d) of
Aesthetics
the Land Code of Ukraine; Cl. 48-50,55,56 of the Code of Ukraine on Mineral Deposits; Cl. 92,96 of the Code of Ukraine on
Administrative Offences.
A-1/3: Obligation to take necessary measures to preclude and prevent the set levels of acoustic and other adverse physical impacts
Noise, dust and
from exceeding standards. Cl. 48-50,55,56 of the Code of Ukraine on Mineral Deposits; Art. 54,55 of the Law of Ukraine on
vibrations
Environmental Protection; Art. 12-16 of the Law of Ukraine on Ambient Air Protection; Art 19 of the Law of Ukraine on Assuring
the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population; The Law of Ukraine on Labor Protection. [+ A-1/1a]
23
Table A-2a
Extraction Industry (forest and fishery): World Bank would not support renewable resource extraction activities that are not managed on a sustainable basis.
Major environmental concerns, in the case of forestry not managed on a sustainable basis, would include loss of biodiversity, erosion, loss of forest cover and
habitat, and loss of jobs. In cases of large tracts of forest, climate modification could be of concern. Major concerns for fishery activities include biodiversity
loss, alteration of population dynamics, and alteration of aquatic ecology.
Potential Direct Impacts
Potential Indirect Impacts
Consequences
Mitigation Required
Residual Impacts to be
Expected
Reduced tourism
Protection of important
Under effective management
Forestry:
Biodiversity loss
Loss of species and their
habitats; sustainable
considering value of all forest
habitats
management. Mitigation
resources, commercial and
otherwise, residual impact
easy if desire is present.
will be minimal or none
Increased erosion during
Construction of forest roads
Erosion, deforestation
Effective planning and
None
construction of forest roads
generally leads to greater risk
control of resource extraction
of illegal logging
Mitigation easy
Loss of forest cover
Loss of industry jobs;
Sustainable management;
Sustainable forest
Soil erosion – in the
Loss of productive land;
Selective harvesting,
management would result in
mountain areas (Carpathian
Water course sedimentation;
particularly on steep slopes.
no residual impact.
Mtns. and Crimea) there
Flooding;
Mitigation is moderately
would be the increased threat Property damage and threat to easy with good direction.
of mudflows and landslides
life
Loss of wildlife habitat
Reduced tourism
Sustainable management
Minor temporary losses only.
including wildlife
management. Mitigation
easy.
Sustainable management.
None
Fishery:
Biodiversity loss
Mitigation easy if desire is
present.
Population dynamics altered
Unknown but will affect
Sustainable management.
Small residual impact
aquatic ecology
Mitigation easy if desire is
present.
Aquatic ecology altered
Sustainable management.
Small residual impact
Mitigation easy if desire is
present.
Loss of species
Job losses; reduction in rural
Biodiversity loss; more
Sustainable management.
No residual impact
economy
unfavorable species may fill
Mitigation easy if
available niche
commitment is there
24
Forestry
Overall potential impact
Residual impact
Level of risk
Biodiversity loss
High
None
Low
Forest cover loss
High
None
Low
Habitat loss
High
Low
Low
Fishery
Overall potential impact
Residual impact
Level of risk
Biodiversity loss
High
None
Low - Moderate
Pop. dynamics
High
Low
Low - Moderate
Aquatic ecology
Low – Moderate
Low
Low
25
Loss of com. species
High
None
Moderate
Table A-2b: Relative Legislation and Policies: Extractive Industry (forestry and fisheries)
Subject
Legal Instrument
Forestry Code: Regulations for securing increased productivity, protection and reproduction of forests, enhancing their useful
Forestry (general)
qualities, satisfying the needs of society for forest resources on the basis of scientifically proved and rational utilization.
A-2/1: Law of the Ukraine on the Plant Kingdom; Law of the Ukraine on the Animal Kingdom; Law of Ukraine on Hunting
Biodiversity
Grounds and Hunting; Law on Ukraine’s Acceding to the 1979 Convention on the Conservation of Wildlife and Natural Habitats in
Europe; Law; Ukraine’s ratification of the Convention on Biodiversity; Law of Ukraine on Ukraine’s Acceding to the Convention
on the Conservation of Migrating Species of Wild Animals; On Ukraine’s Acceding to the Treaty on Bat Conservation in Europe;
On Ukraine’s Participation in the Convention on Water and Marsh Areas of International Significance (mostly as Waterfowl
Habitat); Cl. 245-248 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine; Cl. 85,87,90,91,91-2 of the Code of Administrative Offences; Law of
Ukraine on the Red Book of Ukraine. [+A-1/1a]
A-2/2: Forest Code of Ukraine; Land Code of Ukraine; Cl. 245-247 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine; Law of Ukraine on a
Loss of forest cover
Moratorium on Continuous Felling on Mountainsides in Spruce and Beech Forests in the Carpathian Region; Decree of the
President of Ukraine of 02.19.02, No 147/2002, on Further Measures to Provide Social Security to Mountain Area Residents and
Enhance the Efficiency of Use of Forests. [+A-1/1a]
A-2/3: Forest and Land Codes of Ukraine; the Laws of Ukraine on Ukraine’s Wildlife Refuges; on the Red Book of Ukraine;
Wildlife habitat
[+A-1/1a, A-2/1]
A-2/4: The Water Code; The Laws of Ukraine on the Animal Kingdom; on the Plant Kingdom; On Ukraine’s Wildlife Refuges; On
Fishery(general)
the Red Book of Ukraine; Cl. 79-1,87,90,91,91-2 of the Code of Administrative Offences; Cl. 249,250 of the Criminal Code of
Ukraine; [+A-1/1a]
A-2/4: The Laws of Ukraine on the Animal Kingdom; on the Plant Kingdom; On Ukraine’s Wildlife Refuges; On the Red Book of
Population dynamics
Ukraine; Cl. 79-1,87,90,91,91-2 of the Code of Administrative Offences; Cl. 249,250 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine; [+A-1/1a]
A-2/5: The Laws of Ukraine on the Animal Kingdom; on the Plant Kingdom; on Ukraine’s Acceding to the Convention on the
Aquatic ecology
Conservation and Use of Transborder Watercourses and International Lakes; Cl. 59,79-1,87,90,91,91-2 of the Code of
Administrative Offences; [+A-1/1a, A-2/1]
A-2/6: The Water Code; The Laws of Ukraine on the Animal Kingdom; on the Plant Kingdom; On Ukraine’s Wildlife Refuges; Cl.
Loss of species
79-1,87,90,91,91-2 of the Code of Administrative Offences; on the Red Book of Ukraine; [+A-1/1a]
26
Table A-3a
Manufacturing: The major environmental effects of the manufacturing sector will be related to effluents and emissions. As well, location of manufacturing
activities, and indirectly the pressure that they may place on natural resources will also be of concern.
Potential Direct Impacts
Potential Indirect Impacts
Consequences
Mitigation Required
Contaminated surface and
ground water from effluents
Aquatic ecosystem losses;
biodiversity losses; economic
losses to fisherfolk;
contaminated domestic water
supplies
Ill health leading to societal
costs; lost work days
Air pollution through air
emissions
Vegetation damage
Ill health leading to societal
costs; lost workdays.
Loss of productive land and
land for other uses through
solid waste disposal
Vegetation damage;
Biodiversity losses;
Water contamination (ground
and surface)
Food production losses;
Health costs and loss of
potable water supply
Appropriate wastewater
treatment to meet national
standards; adoption of
holding facilities and
recycling; alternative
processes. Mitigation easy if
regulations enforced.
Appropriate technology to
meet stack emission
standards. Mitigation easy if
regulations enforced.
Ensure that waste disposal
occurs in environmentally
safe and designated areas;
Recycling.
Mitigation easy if
regulations enforced.
Siting of plant on
environmental grounds.
Mitigation moderately easy.
Biodiversity and other
biophysical losses as a result
of location
Overall potential impact
Residual impact
Level of risk
Effluents
Very High
Low – Moderate
Low
Emissions
Very High
Low
Low
Biodiversity
High
None
Moderate
27
Residual Impacts to be
Expected
Some water contamination,
for manufactures with
effluents, will occur
Ambient air quality
deteriorates (cumulative
effect)
None
None
Table A-3b: Relative Legislation and Policies: Manufacturing
Subject
Legal Instrument
A-3/1a: Discharge of waste water into bodies of water is allowed subject to specified standards of the limiting permissible
Contaminated surface
discharge of pollutants. Cl. 36,38,39,41,44,45,70,71,81,110,111 of the Water Code of Ukraine.
and groundwater
A-3/1b: Cl. 66, 74 of the Water Code of Ukraine; Art. 242 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine; Cl. 59,82,87,90,91,96-1 of the Code of
Ukraine on Administrative Offences; [+A-1/1a]
A-3/2: Waste storage should be organized only in designated places or on relevant sites in accordance with sanitary standards and
Contamination of land
rules for ground maintenance. Art. 55 of the Law of Ukraine on Environmental Protection; the Law of Ukraine on Waste Materials;
with solid waste
Cl. 239 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine; Cl. 73,82,82-1-82-6, 91-3 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences; [+A-1/1a,
A-1/2]
A-3/3: see A-1/4
Air pollution
Biodiversity and other A-3/4: see A-2/1
biophysical losses
28
Table A-4a
Electricity, heating and water: This group includes the provision of these services to the residential, commercial and industrial sectors. Provision of water, and
water treatment are environmentally enhancing. Major environmental concerns will include air emissions, water and soil pollution, and effluent discharges.
Assumptions: electricity includes only delivery; water includes treatment and delivery, as well as wastewater (and sewage) treatment.
Potential Direct Impacts
Potential Indirect Impacts
Consequences
Mitigation Required
Residual Impacts to be
Expected
Electricity:
Transmission lines disrupting
aesthetics
Lost aesthetic values; lost
tourism
Alignment of lines
considering aesthetics;
Transmission line location
causing community
disruption
Social disruption during
construction
Some residents may have to
be relocated to avoid living
under high powered lines
Alignment to avoid
disruption; construction
schedules to minimize
disruption
Loss of forest cover
On steep slopes, soil erosion
Loss of habitat; sedimentation
Alignment of lines
considering land use values
and slopes
Conservation;
Use of solar and wind to
provide heating energy but
these are not likely feasible
Heating: Depending upon
the source of heating, but any
heating which uses fossil
fuels (incl. electric heating)
results in emissions
Water:
Extraction of surface water
leading to altered aquatic
systems
Lowering of groundwater
table
Contribution to the
greenhouse effect and global
warming
Reduced biodiversity
Reduced water flow to
downstream users
Reduced water resources for
other uses
Cont’d
29
Integrated water plan to
consider needs of all users;
water budget calculations and
consideration of alt. sources
of supply
Transmission lines are
difficult to hide – there will
be some loss of aesthetic
values
During construction there will
be some disruption. May be
difficult to place lines to
avoid all residents-occasional
involuntary resettlement is a
possibility (only for large
voltage lines)
Moderate residual effects
since alternative routings not
always available
Traditional sources of heating
will likely prevail
Providing water management
is on a sustainable basis,
residual impact will be low
Same as above
Water contamination from
water treatment plant
sullage*
Waste water treatment:
effluents contaminate surface
water courses
Concentration of metals and
other contaminants in sullage
if deposited in water courses
Contaminated water courses
Damaged aquatic ecosystem
Extraction rates determined
on basis of recharge rates
(sustainable water use)
Appropriate disposal of
sullage
Adequate treatment to ensure
effluents meet national
standards
* Sullage is waste material from the water treatment process and which has to be removed and disposed of on a regular basis
Electricity/transmission
lines
Overall potential impact
Residual impact
Level of risk
Aesthetics
Heating
Overall potential impact
Residual impact
Level of risk
Emissions
Moderate
Moderate
High
Water
Overall potential impact
Residual impact
Level of risk
Quantity-surface
High
Low
Moderate
Water treatment
Overall potential impact
Residual impact
Level of risk
Effluents
High
Low-Moderate
Low
High
Low-Moderate
Moderate
Community
Disruption
High
Low
Low
Loss of Forest Cover
Quantity-ground.
High
Low
Moderate
Contamination
Low-Moderate
Low
Low
High
Low-Moderate
Moderate
30
If disposed of properly,
residual impact should be
none
When national standards are
met, still some contamination
in the receiving water course
Table A-4b: Relative Legislation and Policies: Electricity, Heating and Water
Subject
Legal Instrument
Electricity:
A-4/1: Transmission lines are constructed mostly along roads and highways. Cl. 23,76,99,146,150 of the Land Code of Ukraine;
Transmission lines
Art. 27 of the Law of Ukraine on the Plant Kingdom; Cl. 79-1,96-1 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences; the Laws
disrupting aesthetics
of Ukraine on the Power Industry and on Energy Conservation. The Electric Power Use Rules as adopted by the National
Electricity Regulatory Commission of Ukraine on 07.31.96. No.28; the Rules of Safe Operation of User Electric Installations asp
approved by the Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Policies on 01.09.98, No.4; Convention of Access to Information,
Participation of the Public in Decision Making and to Justice on Environmental Issues 907.06.99 [Law No.832-XIV];
[+A-1/6, A-1/1a]
A-4/2: The Law of Ukraine on Architecture Activity; The Rules of Care of Green Plantations in Cities and other Populated Areas
Transmission line
in Ukraine as approved by order of the State Commission of Ukraine for Communal Services (07.29.94, No.70) with amendments
location causing
according to Order of the State Committee of Ukraine for Construction, Architecture and Housing policies of 12.24.01, No.226;
community disruption
[+A-1/6, A-4/1, A-1/1a]
A-4/3: Cl. 23 of the Land Code of Ukraine, Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of 11.17.97, No 1279, On the
Loss of forest cover
Procedure for Determining Losses of Agricultural and Forestry Production which are liable for Compensation; Para. a, 11 of Order
of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of 03.31.93, No.26, On the procedure for Granting Permits for Special Utilization of
Forest Resources; [+A-1/1a,A-3/2]
Heating:
A-4/4: The Laws of Ukraine on Ratification of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Changes, On Alternative Types of
Emissions
Liquid and Gaseous Fuels; On Amendments to Some Laws of Ukraine Related to the Promotion of Windpower Engineering in
Ukraine; Cl. 78,79,79-1,96 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences; [+A-1/1a, A-1/4, A-3/2]
Water:
Surface water extraction A-4/5: Water Code of Ukraine; Law of Ukraine on Potable Water and Potable Water Supply; Law on the Animal Kingdom; Cl.
59,79-1,86-1,91-2 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences.
and altered aquatic
systems
A-4/6: Water Code of Ukraine; Cl. 59,79-1,91-2 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences.
Lowering of water table
A-4/7: see A-3/1a, A-3/1b.
Water contamination
from water treatment
plant sullage waste
Wastewater treatment:
A-4/8: see A-3/1a, A-3/1b.
Effluents contaminating
surface waters
31
Table A-5a
Construction: The construction enterprise category includes any activity that is associated with the construction of buildings (commercial, industrial,
residential), roads, and other public infrastructure. The major impacts considered include location of activity, and during construction phase, soil erosion, and soil
and water contamination.
Potential Direct
Potential Indirect
Consequences
Mitigation Required
Residual Impacts to be Relevant Legislation
Impacts
Impacts
Expected
and Policies
Biodiversity loss
Effective resource
Plans will not always be A-5/1: Cl. 53, 79-1,86Location:
Loss of important
planning to determine
adhered to and some
1,87,90,91-2,92,96,96biophysical and cultural
best location.
inappropriate uses of
1, of the Code of
resources
land resources are to be
Ukraine on
Mitigation will be
expected
Administrative
difficult if no
Offences; [+A-1/1a,Asupporting
regulations.
1/1b, A-1/1c, A-2/1]
Mandated land
Opposition of land
Prolonged legal
Social assessment;
Always some in
acquisition
owners
procedures
Development of
situations where land
equitable compensation
compensation may be
of land/property
adequate but emotional
replacement
and cultural ties to
Mitigation will be easy. original land lost
Aesthetic loss through
Loss of tourism; loss of
Appropriate design
Difficult to influence
A-5/2: Laws of Ukraine
poor design and
valuable land resources
(traditional and with
design; residual impact
on: the Principles of
inappropriate land use
for other uses
nature where possible).
will exist
Urban Planning; Area
Planning and
Mitigation will be
Development; Master
difficult.
Plan of Ukraine
Territory Planning; Cl.
53, 79-1, 91-1,96 of the
Code of Ukraine on
Administrative
Offences; [+A-1/1a, A1/6]
Cont’d
32
Construction phase:
Soil erosion
Sedimentation and
reduction in water
quality
Aquatic ecosystems
affected
Effective site
management to prevent
erosion. Mitigation will
be relatively easy.
If managed properly,
there should be no
residuals
Soil and water
contamination from
cement, fuel and other
construction related
chemicals
Contaminated
groundwater, surface
water and soil
Aquatic ecosystems
affected; groundwater
used for domestic use
no longer available
without treatment
Effective controls to
ensure fuels, chemicals
and materials are
properly stored, handled
and disposed (e.g.used
lubricants) of.
Mitigation will be easy.
Under good site
management, there
should be no residual
impact
Overall potential impact
Residual impact
Level of risk
Location/biophysical
High
Low
Moderate
Location/aesthetics
High
Low-Moderate
Moderate
33
Constr./erosion
High
None
Low
A-5/3: Land and Water
Codes of Ukraine; Cl.
53, 79-1, 96 of the Code
of Ukraine on
Administrative
Offences; [+A-1/1, A1/5]
A-5/4: see A-1/2, A3/1a, A-3/1b
Constr./contamin.
Moderate
None
Low
Table A-6a
Trade. There are basically no impacts after eliminating those areas of trade such as those that deal with tobacco, alcohol, and firearms, from loan eligibility.
Potential Direct
Potential Indirect
Consequences
Mitigation Required
Residual Impacts to be Relevant Legislation
Impacts
Impacts
Expected
and Policies
Aesthetics as a result of General public
Effective disposal of
Waste is a product of a
A-6/1: The Laws of
consumer goods
dissatisfaction;
wastes in designated
consumer society and
Ukraine on
packaging being
Ill health leading to
and environmentally
will always be present
Withdrawing from Sale,
disposed at random on
increased health costs
safe areas.
to some degree.
Recycling, Salvaging,
the landscape;
and lost work days
Elimination or Further
Air pollution as a result
Utilization of LowMitigation will not be
of burning packaging
quality and Unsafe
complete.
materials and other
Products; On Business
wastes generated
Entities Responsibility
through increased
for Late Payment for
consumer purchasing.
Consumed Public
Services and for
Maintenance of Areas
Adjacent to Buildings;
On Pesticides and
Agricultural Chemicals;
[+A-1/1a, A-1.2, A-1/4,
A-1/6, A-4/2]
34
Table A-7a
Hotels and restaurants: The environmental impacts associated with this group focus on waste disposal, sewage, and aesthetics, particularly those establishments
in mountain areas that have high potential for tourism. The location and structure design can affect aesthetics and this issue has been covered under the
construction group (Table B-6).
Potential Direct
Potential Indirect
Consequences
Mitigation Required
Residual Impacts to be Relevant Legislation
Impacts
Impacts
Expected
and Policies
Surface water
Aquatic ecosystem
Downstream users
Waste management plan If effectively
A-7/1: see A-1/1a, Acontamination as a
affected and changed
health endangered
effectively implemented implemented there
3/1a, A-3/1b, A-3/2, Aresult of poor
should be no residual
6
management of human,
impact
solid and kitchen
wastes
Disease as a result of
Sickness and lost work
Proper disposal of solid
None
A-7/2: The Law of
improper management
days and productivity
wastes
Ukraine on Compulsory
of solid wastes (kitchen
Social Insurance
wastes)
Against Job-related
Accidents and
Occupational Diseases
Resulting in Disability;
The Law of Ukraine on
Consumer Rights
Protection; [+A-3/2, A1/3]
Aesthetic values
Lost tourism; lost jobs
Ensure that waste is
None
A-7/3: see A-1/1a, Areduced as a result of
and income
dealt with effectively
1/6, A-3/2, A-6
lack of proper waste
management
Overall potential impact
Residual impact
Level of risk
Contamination
High
None
Low
Disease
High
None
Low
Aesthetics
High
None
Moderate
35
Table A-8a
Transport: This sector includes road, air, water transport and pipeline transfer (railways are excluded). Major impacts to be considered
vehicles, air, water and soil pollution.
Potential Direct
Potential Indirect
Consequences
Mitigation Required
Residual Impacts to be
Impacts
Impacts
Expected
Improper disposal of
Polluted water (ground
Increased costs for
Appropriate handling
None
used lubricants, and the
and surface) not
domestic and
and storage of used oils
improper handling of
available for domestic
agricultural waters
and lubricants –
fuels, as well as traffic
or agricultural use;
recycling where
accidents, can result in
Damaged aquatic
possible;
water and soil
ecosystems
contamination
Increased consumption
of fossil fuels increase
air pollution
Overall potential impact
Residual impact
Level of risk
Contribution to
greenhouse gases;
global warming
contribution
Lubricant disposal
High
Low
Low - Moderate
Air pollution
Low
Low
High
36
Fuel efficient engines
Economics dictates the
type of vehicle and fuel
used; residual impact
will be the same
relate to, maintenance of
Relevant Legislation
and Policies
A-8/1: The Laws of
Ukraine on the
Transportation Industry;
on Motor Transport; On
Pipeline Transfer; On
Conveyance of Goods;
On the Comprehensive
Program of Ukraine’s
Establishment as a
Transit Country; On t he
Conveyance of Unsafe
Freight; Cl 59 of the
Code of Ukraine on
Administrative
Offences; [+A-1/1a, A1/2, A-3/1a, A-3/1b, A3/2, A-6]
A-8/2: The Law of
Ukraine on Prohibition
of the Import and Sale
in Ukraine of Leaded
Gasoline; The law of
Ukraine on Ratification
of the UN Framework
Convention on Climate
Changes; [+A-1/1a, A1/3]
Table A-9a
Telecommunications: Environmental impacts relate to lack and erection of transmission towers.
Potential Direct
Potential Indirect
Consequences
Mitigation Required
Impacts
Impacts
Towers, particularly
Loss of biophysical
Lost tourism
Effective location of
microwave towers, are
resources from the site
towers to avoid loss of
placed on heights of
upon which the towers
valuable resources and
land – interference of
would be placed
to minimize effect on
aesthetics
aesthetics;
Good practices during
Erosion
construction and use to
ensure minimal erosion
Overall potential impact
Residual impact
Level of risk
Aesthetics
Low
Low
High
Residual Impacts to be
Expected
Towers have to use
heights of land for best
field of transmission
and thus aesthetics will
be reduced
No erosion should occur
Relevant Legislation
and Policies
A-9/1: The Land Code
of Ukraine, the Law of
Ukraine On
Communications; [+A1/6].
Residual Impacts to be
Expected
Relevant Legislation
and Policies
Erosion
Low
None
Low
Table A-10a
Housing rental and services for enterprises: There are no impacts of any significance in this group.
Potential Direct
Impacts
Potential Indirect
Impacts
Consequences
Mitigation Required
Not Applicable
37
Appendix B
Impacts, Consequences, Mitigation
And
Related Legal Instrumentation
For
Agricultural Inputs
38
Table B–1a
Seed
Overall Potential Impact: MODERATE
Potential Direct Impacts
Potential Indirect Impacts
. positive impact; increased . use of chemical fertilizers,
yields and food security for
and pesticides
the small holding farmer
Consequences
. same consequences as
described for chemical
fertilizers and pesticides (see
tables B - 3 and 4)
Mitigation Required
. determination and
application of optimum
quantities and scheduling for
fertilizers and other inputs;
introduction of an integrated
pest management program
(IPM). Mitigation will be
moderately difficult without
support of an active extension
service.
Remarks
Ministry of Agriculture
extension services should
work with farmers to provide
input management advice
Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW – MODERATE
Risk: LOW
Table B-1b: Relative Legislation and Policies: Seed
Subject
Legal Instrument
B-1/1: The Laws of Ukraine on Seeds; on Plant Quarantine; On Ratification of the Agreement on Loans Between the Ukraine and
Increased yields
the World Bank
Chemical fertilizers and
B-1/2: see A-3/1, A-3/2, A-3/3, A-3/4, A-4/1, A-4/2, A-4/3, A-4/4
pesticides
B-1/3: The Constitution of Ukraine, the Land Code of Ukraine, the Laws of Ukraine on Environmental Protection; On
Genetically engineered
Environmental Impact Assessment
plant seed
39
Table B-2
Pedigree seed
Overall Potential Impact: MODERATE – HIGH
Potential Direct
Potential Indirect
Impacts
Impacts
. positive impact
Risk of introduction of
through increased yields genetically modified
and improved farm
organisms
economy
. increased use of high
levels of chemical
fertilizers, pesticides
and perhaps other
chemicals
Consequences
Mitigation Required
Genetic drift into other
plants, development of
(pesticide resistance)
. long term dependence
on high yielding
varieties (HYV)
requiring continual high
level inputs; could be
costly to the farmer
. adoption of organic
farming techniques
. same consequences as
described for chemical
fertilizers and pesticides
(see tables A - 2 and 3)
. determination and
application of optimum
quantities and
scheduling for
fertilizers and other
inputs; introduction of
an integrated pest
management program
(IPM). Mitigation will
be moderately difficult
Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW - MODERATE
Risk: MODERATE
40
Relevant Legislation
and Policies
No official policy in
place
B-2/1:The Laws of
Ukraine on Seeds; on
Plant Quarantine; on
Ratification of the
Agreement on Loans
between Ukraine and the
World Bank.
B-2/2: see A-3/1, A-3/2,
A-3/3, A-3/4, A-4/1, A4/2, A-4/3, A-4/4
Remarks
World Bank would
support GMOs only if
Ukraine has a
comprehensive law
regulating the use of
GMOs and that most
GMO investments target
pest, weed and disease
control and that these
controls are guided by
the same rules as for
pesticides.
. organic farming
techniques are currently
being successfully
applied in Ukraine
. in general terms, high
yielding varieties
(HYV) require large
inputs to achieve
expected results - plant
species and varieties
would have to be
examined on a case by
case basis; close liaison
with Min. of Agr
needed
Table B–3
Fertilizer
Overall Potential Impact: MODERATE TO HIGH
Potential Direct
Potential Indirect
Consequences
Impacts
Impacts
. reduction in soil
. modified soil
. in the long run, possible
organic content
structure and reduction loss of productivity as a
in soil moisture holding result of insufficient soil
capacity
moisture; loss of soil’s
natural fertility
. emission of greenhouse
gases from chemical
fertilizers
. contribution to global
warming
. climate change
Cont’d
41
Mitigation Required
. fertilizer application
in conjunction with
crop rotation practices.
. further reduce
chemical fertilizer use
through incorporation
of various organic
cultivation practices.
Mitigation
moderately easy since
chemical fertilizer
costs are high
. optimum fertilizer
quantities and
application schedules
should be planned and
implemented
Mitigation
moderately easy since
fertilizer costs are
high
Relevant Legislation
and Policies
B-3/3: The Land Code of
Ukraine; the Water Code
of Ukraine.
B-3/2: Art. 8-9, 12-16,
26-28, 44,45 of the Law
of Ukraine on Ambient
Air Preservation; Art.19
of the Law of Ukraine on
Assuring the Sanitary
and Epidemiological
Welfare of the
Population; The Law of
Ukraine on Ratification
of the UN Framework
Convention on Climate
Changes; Cl. 241 of the
Criminal Code of
Ukraine; Cl.78,79,791,96,96-1 of the Code of
Ukraine on
Administrative Offences;
Cl. 48-50,55,56 of the
Code of Ukraine on
Mineral Deposits.
Remarks
. extension workers
should work closely
with farmers to develop
application rates and
best land husbandry
and crop rotation plans
. nutrient enrichment of
water bodies
. eutrophication of
water bodies
. modified aquatic
ecosystems
. contaminated potable
water sources
. loss of household water
supply; must search for
new source
Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW - MODERATE
RISK: MODERATE
42
. optimum fertilizer
quantities and
application schedules
should be planned and
implemented
Mitigation
moderately easy since
fertilizer costs are
high
B-3/4: Cl.
14,52,53,83,90-1 of the
Code of Ukraine on
Administrative Offences;
Cl. 236 of the Criminal
Code of Ukraine; [+B4/4]
. work closely with
extension workers to
develop best land and
crop management plans
. potential impact on
international waters
Table B-4a
Pesticides
Significance of Overall Potential Impact: HIGH
Potential Direct Impacts
Potential Indirect Impacts
. impaired health of handlers
including those who store,
sell, transport and apply
Consequences
. increased health costs; lost
work time; lost family
income; insurance costs
Cont’d
43
Mitigation Required
. training in the proper
handling and use of
pesticides;
. effective storage including
impermeable floor, roof and
effective locking;
. pesticides allowed include
only Class II
. introduce an IPM
(integrated pest management
program). Mitigation will
likely be difficult.
Remarks
MoA and MoE should
develop application
certification programs.
It should be determined if
MoA is developing a IPM
program
Organic farming proven
successful and MofA should
promote such whenever
possible
World Bank supports Class II
pesticides but only if Ukraine
has implemented laws
guiding the use of pesticides
and the training and
certification of handlers.
The Bank requires that any
pesticides it finances be
manufactured, packaged,
labeled, stored, disposed of,
and applied according to
standards acceptable to the
Bank.
Class II pesiticides
formulations not acceptable
by the Bank if Ukraine lacks
restrictions on distribution
and use or if accessible to
those without proper training
or handling equipment and
storage.
. impaired health of food
consumers
. increased health costs; lost
work time; lost family
income
. soil contamination
. ground and surface water
contamination
. health warnings to wash
foods;
. use of appropriate
chemicals that minimize
residue and are least
harmful to consumers;
.IPM program. Mitigation
will be relatively difficult.
. use of appropriate pesticides
that do not have residuals or
in which residuals do no
harm to soil. Mitigation will
be relatively difficult.
. impaired health of local and
downstream water consumers
. aquatic ecosystems damaged
. increased health costs; lost
work time; lost family
income
. biodiversity losses
Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: MODERATE
RISK: MODERATE
44
. use of least harmful
pesticides;
. consider IPM
Mitigation relatively.
difficult.
Public education is required
and this could be done
through MofA and the NGO
community. It should be
determined if MoA is
developing an IPM program.
Difficult because
agrochemical companies
promote their products
amongst farmers and farmers
will generally adopt the
immediate least cost chemical
that does the job
Difficult because
agrochemical companies
promote their products
amongst farmers and farmers
will generally adopt the
immediate least cost chemical
that does the job
. potential impact on
international waters
Table B-4b: Relative Legislation and Policies: Pesticides
Subject
Legal Instrument
B-4/1: The Laws of Ukraine on Pesticides and Agrochemical; on Plant Preservation; the Labor Code of Ukraine; On Compulsory
Impaired health of
State Social Insurance against job-related Accidents and Occupational Diseases Resulting in Disability; On Withdrawal from Sale,
handlers
Recycling, Salvaging, Elimination or Further Utilization of Low Quality and Unsafe Products; Cl 236,247,271,272,321,326,441 of
the Criminal Code of Ukraine; Cl. 14,83,91-1,93 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences
B-4/2: The Laws of Ukraine on Consumer Rights Protection; on the Quality and Safety of Foodstuffs and Food Raw Materials; on
Impaired health of food
Pesticides and Agrochemicals; on Plant Preservation; On Withdrawal from Sale, Recycling, Salvaging, Elimination or Further
consumers
Utilization of Low Quality and Unsafe Products; Cl. 236,247,321, 326,327,441 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine; Cl. 14,83,91-1 of
the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences.
B-4/3: (Economic and other activity which leads to the contamination of land and soil over and above the specified permissible
Soil contamination
concentration of dangerous substances is banned. Cl. 61,62,167-172,207,211 of the Land Code of Ukraine; Cl. 80,89,72,90 of the
Water Code of Ukraine; the Laws of Ukraine on Pesticides and Agrochemicals; on Plant Protection; on Waste Products.
B-4/4: (It is prohibited to implement economic or other projects without assessing their impact on waters. Discharge of wastewater
Ground and surface
into bodies of water is subject to standards of the limiting permissible discharge of pollutants; discharge of wastewater by using
water contamination
nature landscape features (gullies, etc) is banned. Cl. 61,62, 211 of the Land Code of Ukraine; Cl.
38,39,41,44,45,70,71,80,89,95,96,99,103,104,110,111 of the Water Code of Ukraine; the Laws of Ukraine on Potable Water and
Potable Water Supply, on Environmental Preservation; on Environmental Impact Assessment; on Pesticides and Agrochemical; on
Plant Protection; On Waste Products; Cl. 242 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine; Cl. 59,82,87,90,91,96,96-1 of the Code of Ukraine
on Administrative Offences.
Table B–5
Pedigree livestock
Significance of Overall Potential Impact: NONE
Potential Direct
Potential Indirect
Impacts
Impacts
Positive input
None
None
Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: N/A
RISK: N/A
Consequences
Mitigation Required
. leading to better
quality meat and wool;
increased yields and
increased farm incomes
None
None
45
Relevant Legislation
and Policies
B-5/1: The Laws of
Ukraine on Livestock
Breeding; on Breeding;
Cl. 107,107-1 of the
Code of Administrative
Offences
Remarks
Table B-6a
Livestock for finishing
Significance of Overall Potential Impacts: MODERATE TO HIGH
Potential Direct Impacts
Potential Indirect Impacts
Consequences
.carrying capacity of pasture
. loss of ground cover
. reduced productivity
is exceeded
. soil erosion
. loss of soil
. loss of water holding
. sedimentation
capacity
. hydrological regime
modified resulting in flooding
and drought conditions
.in high altitude areas stock
. reduced vegetation cover
. loss of soil
may threaten forested or other . soil erosion
. sedimentation
protected areas
. loss of water holding
. hydrological regime
capacity
modified resulting in flooding
and drought conditions
. reduced biodiversity
. livestock in a confined area
. high nutrient loading in
– concentration of manure
runoff waters leading to poor
water quality
. close confinement can result . loss of stock and income
in animal diseases
Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: NONE
RISK: MODERATE
46
Mitigation Required
. ensure that pasture carrying
capacities are not exceeded.
Mitigation is difficult.
Remarks
. work closely with
agricultural extension
services
. ensure that grazing does not
occur in protected or other
important areas. Mitigation
moderately easy.
. work closely with
agricultural extension
services
. regular monitoring
. management of manure;
alternative to confined
quarters. Mitigation easy.
. alternative to confined
quarters. Mitigation
moderately difficult.
Table B-6b: Relative Legislation and Policies: Livestock for Finishing
Subject
Legal Instrument
B-6/1: The Land Code of Ukraine; the Laws of Ukraine on the Plant Kingdom; on Environmental Preservation; on Environmental
Pasture carrying
Impact Assessment; Cl. 14,52,53,59,87,90,104 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences; Cl. 236, 254 of the Criminal
capacity
Code of Ukraine
B-6/2: The Forest Code of Ukraine, the Land Code of Ukraine, the Laws of Ukraine on Wildlife Refuges in Ukraine; on the Plant
Threat to forest and
Kingdom; on the Red Book of Ukraine; Cl. 14,52,53,87,90,104 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences; Cl. 236, 245,
other protected areas
252, 254 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine
B-6/3: The Water Code of Ukraine, the Laws of Ukraine on Waste Products; on Environmental Protection; Cl. 18,52,82 of the
Contamination from
Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences; Cl. 236, 242 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine
manure
B-6/4: The Laws of Ukraine on Veterinary Medicine; on the Responsibility of Enterprises, Institutions and Organizations for NonAnimal diseases
compliance with Veterinary Medicine Legislation; Cl. 251 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
Table B-7
Land Purchase
Significance of Overall Potential Impact: HIGH
Potential Direct
Potential Indirect
Impacts
Impacts
Current non-agricultural Reduced biodiversity;
land may have
loss of forest cover; soil
biodiversity or
erosion
watershed protection
values which would be
lost
Consequences
Mitigation Required
Stream sedimentation
leading to aquatic
ecosystem changes
Land not already being
used for agriculture and
which has watershed or
biodiversity values
should not be converted
to agriculture.
Mitigation should be
easy through
regulation.
Cont’d
47
Relevant Legislation
and Policies
The Land Code of
Ukraine; the Water
Code of Ukraine; the
Laws of Ukraine on
Environmental
Protection; on Wildlife
Refuges in Ukraine; on
Ratification of the
Convention on
Biodiversity
Conservation; on
Ukraine’s Acceding to
the 1979 Convention on
Preservation of Wildlife
and Habitats in Europe;
Cl. 14,52,53,87,90,91,
of the Code of Ukraine
on Administrative
Offences; Cl. 236,254
of the Criminal Code of
Ukraine
Remarks
Loans could be rejected
if land purchase and
agriculture will lead to
purchase of ecologically
sensitive areas or to
non-sustainable
practices.
Land suitable for
agricultural needs
should be allocated for
agricultural purposes.
NOTE: At the time of
preparation of this
manual, land purchase is
not eligible for
financing under the
World Bank project.
Loss of livelihoodexisting small farmers
may see financial gains
to be made but once
money is gone, no land
upon which to sustain
themselves
Further poverty
Dependence on the state
Small farmers must be
made aware of the real
value of land and how
to manage cash that they
may have never had
before. No mitigation.
According to para.
14,15 of the Transitional
Clauses of the Land
Code of Ukraine,
individuals and legal
entities who own plots
of land for truck
agriculture (including
holders of parcels of
land) may not, until Jan
1, 2005, sell or in some
other way the plots and
parcels they own, nor
may they contribute
them to the statutory
funds of businesses
Farmers will make the
decision to sell on their
own. No one is going to
give them advice on
how to manage their
money.
Mitigation Required
Relevant Legislation
and Policies
B-8/1:The Land and
Water Codes of
Ukraine; the Laws of
Ukraine on Potable
Water Supply; on Waste
Products; Cl.
14,52,53,59,108 of the
Code of Ukraine on
Administrative
Offences; Cl. 236,
230,242,254 of the
Criminal Code
Remarks
Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: NONE
RISK: MODERATE
Table B-8
Tractors
Significance of Overall Potential Impact: MODERATE TO HIGH
Potential Direct
Potential Indirect
Consequences
Impacts
Impacts
. soil and water
. loss of soil
. loss of crop
contamination from
productivity
productivity
machine fuels and
lubricants
. loss of potable water
. must find alternative
source of potable water
Cont’d
48
. good practices to be
carried out by
equipment operators.
. agricultural machinery
should be kept in good
repair and fuels and
lubricants stored and
handled in appropriately
designed areas.
Mitigation will be
moderately difficult.
. this is a minor impact
and awareness to
operators to refuel under
safe conditions is all
that would be required.
Agriculture extension
service can educate
farmers, as well as loan
officers
. air contamination, CO2
releases
. contribution to
greenhouse effect
. contribution to global
warming
.ensure all fossil fuel
engines are efficient and
well maintained.
Mitigation will be
difficult.
Soil compaction
Runoff
Erosion and
sedimentation
Ensure equipment of a
size that suitable for soil
conditions. Mitigation
will be difficult.
Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW
RISK: HIGH
49
B-8/2:The Laws of
Ukraine on
Environmental
Protection; on Ambient
Air Protection; on
Ratification of the UN
Framework Convention
on Climate Changes; Cl.
78,80,81,108 of the
Code of Ukraine on
Administrative
Offences; Cl. 236, 241
of the Criminal Code
B-8/3:The Land Code
of Ukraine; the Laws of
Ukraine on
Environmental
Protection; on
Environmental Impact
Assessment; on
Promoting National
Machine Building for
the AgroIndustrial
Complex; Cl.
14,52,53,108 of the
Code of Ukraine on
Administrative
Offences; Cl. 236 239,
254 of the Criminal
Code.
Large farms require
large machinery
appropriate for the
magnitude of the job.
Table B-9
Land Preparation
Significance of Overall Potential Impact: MODERATE TO HIGH
Potential Direct
Potential Indirect
Consequences
Impacts
Impacts
. soil erosion
. loss of productivity
. loss of soil moisture
. stream sedimentation
. aquatic ecosystem
modified
. modified hydrological
regime
. aquatic ecosystem
modified
. flooding and drought
conditions increased
Mitigation Required
. contour ploughing
required
. optimal ploughing
schedules to ensure
minimal time for
exposed soil.
. organic agricultural
practices adopted (e.g.
shallow tilling)
Mitigation will be
difficult.
Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW
RISK: HIGH
50
Relevant Legislation
and Policies
B-9/1:The Land Code
of Ukraine; Cl. 80,89,90
of the Water Code of
Ukraine; the Law of
Ukraine on
Environmental
Protection; Cl.
14,52,53,87,90,108 of
the Code of Ukraine on
Administrative
Offences; Cl.
236,239,254 of the
Criminal Code
Remarks
. should be conducted in
conjunction with other
good husbandry
practices including
maintenance of
cropping residues (i.e.
no burning)
. coordinate with
agricultural extension
field services
Table B-10
Other farm implements
Potential Overall Impact: LOW – MODERATE
Potential Direct
Potential Indirect
Impacts
Impacts
Loss of soil productivity
Deep cultivation
and stream
contributes to soil
sedimentation
erosion
Consequences
Mitigation Required
Water regulation losses;
modified aquatic
ecosystems
Practices other than
deep ploughing (e.g.
direct seed drilling
without disturbing the
soil or shallow tilling).
Mitigation will be
difficult
Relevant Legislation
and Policies
B-10/1:the Land Code
of Ukraine; Cl. 80,89,90
of the Water Code of
Ukraine; the Law of
Ukraine on
Environmental
Protection; Cl.
14,52,53,87,90,108 of
the Code of Ukraine on
Administrative
Offences; Cl.
236,239,254 of the
Criminal Code
Remarks
Relevant Legislation
and Policies
Remarks
Difficult to change old
ways. Agriculture
extension service will
be required to provide
advice and demonstrate
advantages.
Other implements – no effect
Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW – MODERATE
Risk: HIGH (traditional farming techniques are likely not to change)
Table B-11
Small equipment
Potential Overall Impact: NONE
Potential Direct
Potential Indirect
Impacts
Impacts
Consequences
Mitigation Required
Not Applicable
Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: NONE
Risk: NONE
51
Table B-12
Grain drying equipment
Potential Overall Impact: LOW
Potential Direct
Potential Indirect
Impacts
Impacts
High user of electrical
energy
Consequences
Mitigation Required
Energy consumption
requiring use of more
fossil fuels
Not known
Consequences
Mitigation Required
Loss of water to other
current and potential
users
Water sharing plan to
ensure equitable
distribution. Mitigation
very difficult.
Relevant Legislation
and Policies
Remarks
Relevant Legislation
and Policies
B-13/1:The Land and
Water Codes; the Laws
of Ukraine on
Environmental
Protection; on
Environmental Impact
Assessment; on Land
Reclamation; on the
National Water Industry
Development Program;
Cl. 52,59,87,96,96-1 of
the Code of Ukraine on
Administrative
Offences; Cl.
236,242,253,254 of the
Criminal Code of
Ukraine.
Remarks
Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW
Risk: HIGH
Table B-13
Irrigation equipment and irrigation maintenance
Potential Overall Impact: HIGH
Potential Direct
Potential Indirect
Impacts
Impacts
Reduction of
groundwater; extraction
of surface water
Cont’d
52
Water sharing plan will
be challenging to
prepare and implement
Salinization;
waterlogging
Loss of productive land
Appropriate drainage
system. Mitigation
relatively easy.
B-13/2: The Land and
Water codes; the Laws
of Ukraine on
Environmental
Protection; on
Environmental Impact
Assessment; on Land
Reclamation; on the
National Water
Development Program;
B-13/2 continued:Cl.
52,53,59,87,90,96,96-1
of the Code of Ukraine
on Administrative
Offences; Cl.
236,239,242,253,254 of
the Criminal Code
Consequences
Mitigation Required
Remarks
Contribution to global
warming
Efficient engines and
conservation of use.
Mitigation difficult.
Relevant Legislation
and Policies
B-14/1:The Laws of
Ukraine on
Environmental
Protection; on Ambient
Air Protection; on
Ratification of athe UN
Framework Convention
on Climate Changes; Cl.
78,80,81,108 of the
Code of Ukraine on
Administrative
Offences; Cl. 236,241
of the Criminal Code
Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW - MODERATE
Risk: MODERATE
Table B-14
Vehicles
Potential Overall Impact: LOW – MODERATE
Potential Direct
Potential Indirect
Impacts
Impacts
CO2 emissions
Contribution to
greenhouse effect
Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW
Risk: HIGH
53
Not likely that efficient
engines will be used and
conservation will not be
a priority
Table B-15
Farm buildings for stock, machinery and chemicals
Potential Overall Impact: LOW
Potential Direct
Potential Indirect
Consequences
Impacts
Impacts
Reduction in the amount
Reduced income from
of land available for
lower total crop
food production
production
Mitigation Required
Efficient design to
minimize space
required. Mitigation
easy.
Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW
Risk: LOW
54
Relevant Legislation
and Policies
B-15/1:The Land Code
of Ukraine; the Laws of
Ukraine on the
Principles of Urban
Planning; on the
Responsibility of
Enterprises, Institutions
and Organizations for
Noncompliance with
Laws in the Urban
Planning Sector; Cl.
52,53,79-1,87,90,96,961 of the Code of
Ukraine on
Administrative
Offences;Cl. 236,253 of
the Criminal Code of
Ukraine
Remarks
This is not likely to be a
major consideration.
Table B-16
Storage facilities (fuel, grain and other produce)
Potential Overall Impact: LOW
Potential Direct
Potential Indirect
Impacts
Impacts
Reduction in the amount
of land available for
food production
Leakage of fuel and
chemicals into surface
and groundwater
Consequences
Mitigation Required
Reduced income from
lower total crop
production.
Efficient design to
minimize space
required. Mitigation
easy.
Construction to include
impermeable flooring.
Mitigation easy.
Pollution of ground and
surface water leading to
contaminated drinking
water and irrigation
water as well as
affecting aquatic
ecosystems
Relevant Legislation
and Policies
B-16/1: see D-15/1
Remarks
B-16/2: The Laws of
Ukraine on
Environmental
Protection; on
Environmental Impact
Assessment
Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW
Risk: LOW
Table B-17
Primary processing (to include slaughterhouses, dairies and leather processing)
Significance of Overall Potential Impacts: MODERATE – HIGH
Potential Direct
Potential Indirect
Potential
Mitigation Required
Impacts
Impacts
Consequences
.surface water
.impaired health of
.increased health costs,
.assurance that effluents
contamination from
downstream users; loss
lost work days and
are treated before
effluent discharge (e.g.
of potable water supply; family income;
discharge; alternative
whey from dairy
damaged aquatic
alternative source of
ways of handling
processing, residues
ecosystems
potable water must be
effluents (e.g.
from slaughterhouses,
found; reduced
recycling). Mitigation
runoff from leather
biodiversity
will be easy.
prcessing and edible oil
processing, or any other
processing using
chemicals)
Cont’d
55
Relevant Legislation
and Policies
B-17/1: The Laws of
Ukraine on
Environmental
Protection; on
Environmental Impact
Assessment; on Waste
Products;the Water
Code of Ukraine; Cl.
79-1,82,96,96-1 of the
Code of Ukraine on
Administrative
Offences; Cl. 236,253
of the Criminal Code of
Ukraine
Remarks
.each processing
operation will differ and
for a number there will
be no impacts; project
design must be
submitted and reviewed;
monitoring of
operations required
Mitigation will be a
condition of the
issuance of an
environmental
agreement.
Food contamination
during dairy and meat
processing operations
Consumer health
. injury and illness as a
result of poor working
conditions
Increased health costs;
Lost work days
. injuries and illness;
lost work time; lost
family incomes
Relevant sanitary
procedures to be applied
at all levels of food
processing including
packaging
. provision of
appropriate safety
features and protective
clothing; training on the
use of equipment;
awareness of dangers
Mitigation relatively
difficult.
Relevant health
legislation and health
guidelines re: food
processing
B-17/2:The Code of
Labor Laws of Ukraine;
the Law of Ukraine on
Compulsory State
Insurance against Job
Related Accidents and
Occupational Diseases
Resulting in Disability.
This may come under
regulations relating to
occupational safety.
Mitigation Required
Relevant Legislation
and Policies
No legislation or
policies apply
Remarks
Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: NONE
Risk: HIGH
Table B-18
Fencing materials
Significance of Overall Potential Impacts: MODERATE TO HIGH
Potential Direct
Potential Indirect
Potential
Impacts
Impacts
Consequences
Exclusion of certain
Prolonged legal
people or groups from
procedures
land to which they have
had traditional access
Consultation with
affected groups or
people;
Where required,
establishment of
easement conditions
Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: NONE
Risk: MODERATE
56
Table B-19
Fuel, lubricants, etc.
Significance of Overall Potential Impacts: HIGH
Potential Direct
Potential Indirect
Impacts
Impacts
Soil contamination
Ground and surface
water contamination
Potential
Consequences
Loss of soil productivity
Lost revenue
Mitigation Required
Loss of domestic and
irrigation water supply;
illness to humans and
livestock; lost revenue;
altered and damaged
aquatic ecosystems
Proper storage and
handling of fuel;
containment of fuel
containers within
concrete bunded area
Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: NONE
Risk: LOW – MODERATE
57
Proper storage and
handling of fuel;
containment of fuel
containers within
concrete bunded area
Relevant Legislation
and Policies
Legislation related to
water and soil
contamination (see
specific legislation
under same impacts of
other activities)
Legislation related to
water and soil
contamination (see
specific legislation
under same impacts of
other activities)
Remarks
Table B-20
Veterinary Services
Significance of Overall Potential Impacts: HIGH
Potential Direct
Potential Indirect
Impacts
Impacts
Meat and animal
products containing
hormones and other
chemicals
Soil and water
contamination with
insecticides used in
diptanks
Potential
Consequences
Human illness
Mitigation Required
Contaminated soil and
water not useable for
cultivation or potable
water; or water for
irrigation;
Affected downstream
aquatic ecosystems
Proper disposal of
diptank liquids to avoid
soil and water
contamination
Mitigation may be
difficult.
Proper awareness and
training of farmers and
animal health workers;
Organic methods of
livestock husbandry
should be applied;
minimal application of
only necessary drugs
Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: NONE
Risk: LOW
58
Relevant Legislation
and Policies
Public Health legislation
Remarks
Legislation related to
water and soil
contamination (see
specific legislation
under same impacts of
other activities)
The World Bank’s
restrictions on the
support of pesticides
(refer to Table B4-a)
applies in the case of the
use of insecticides as
well.
Only approved drugs
and hormones should be
used but even these
could have some long
term, and yet unknown,
effects on humans