OADB-ILRI Breed characterisation project supervisors training workshop
11-12 December 2000, ILRI - Addis Ababa*
Summary report
Purpose:
The purpose of the workshop was to create awareness among
participants of the OADB/ILRI Breed Characterisation project
objectives and strategies. Secondly, the workshop was planned to
serve as a consultation forum whereby livestock experts of the
different zones came up with basic Zonal livestock information to
serve as background for initial design of the project activities.
Place and date:
The large Auditorium at the International Livestock Research
Institute, Addis Ababa, 11-12 December 2000
Organisers:
Ed Rege
Enyew Negussie
Anette van Dorland
Asfaw Tolessa
Invited guests:
Aguibou Tall (Head of Administration and Ag. of Resident Director, ILRI)
Berecha Turi (Deputy Head, OADB)
Aliye Hussen (Head, Research Coordination, OADB)
Participants:
Zonal Livestock Experts of Oromia Regional State
1.
Aselefech Ayele
Arsi Zone
2.
Teshome Tsige
Bale Zone
3.
Mulugeta Bekele
Borena Zone
4.
Tariku Safu
East Hararge Zone
5.
Samuel Taye
East Shoa Zone
6.
Moti Cheru
East Wolega Zone
7.
Turuaynet Damisee
Illubabur Zone
8.
Mekonin Ayele
Jimma Zone
9.
Gedefa W/Mariam
North-West Shoa Zone
10.
Kasiye Gadile
West Harage Zone
11.
Negewo Lema
West Shoa Zone
12.
Kenate Regea
West Wolega Zone
Note: See Annex 2 for the addresses and telephone numbers of
workshop participants.
* See Annex 1 for the programme
1.
2.
Opening and introduction
Participants were given a welcome word by Ed Rege, followed by a welcome
address and introductory remarks from Mr. Aguibou Tall and Ato Berecha Turi.
Ato Aliye Hussen was invited to say a few words about the project and how it
came into existence. Before the last session of the morning, the discussion, Ed
Rege gave a presentation about the project, its background, purpose and the
reason for this workshop to be held.
Questions/points raised during the morning discussion session were:

Transportation during the
survey. There is lack of
vehicles and other forms
of transportation at Zonal
level and at Wereda level.
Many vehicles are broken
(see Photo 1). How will
this be solved?

Other questions raised,
focussed more on the
technical aspects of the
survey which will be
discussed during the other
sessions of the workshop.
Photo 1 Broken motor bicycle at Wereda
office in Wollenchiti in East Shoa Zone.
Photo taken during the pre-test 14 December
2000.
Reports by Zonal experts
1. Arsi Zone - Aselefech Ayele
The size of the human population in Arsi Zone is estimated to be 2.2 million of
which 90% live in the rural areas. Arsi has 20 wereda’s, 543 PA’s (peasant
associations) and 547 DA’s (Development Agents). There are three climatic
zones, namely highland with 43.4%, medium land with 27.5% and lowland with
29.1 % of the total area.
Other topics presented were:
Altitude
Land use
Livestock numbers by species
1
-
Highlights of livestock activities
Map of Arsi Zone with its agro-ecological classification
Number and distribution of households by wereda and peasant
associations, Human population and distribution
Number and distribution of peasant associations
DA: Household ratios for each wereda
Density and distribution of livestock by species
2. Bale Zone - Teshome Tsige
The size of human population in Bale Zone is about 1.5 million (1991). Eighty six
per cent of the population lives in rural areas. Bale has 17 wereda’s, 379 PA’s and
305 DA’s. There are three climatic zones, which are Highland, Semi-Highland
and Lowland with (15%, 21% and 64% of the total land area respectively).
Other topics presented were:
Population density by wereda
Wereda’s per climatic zones
Mean annual rainfall and distribution by four locations in Bale
Climax vegetation of Bale zone
Land use
Agricultural Extension Service in Bale zone by wereda including DA:
Farmer ratio and PA’s
Livestock population of Bale zone by species and in each wereda
Breeds (types) of livestock found/introduced in Bale Zone
3. Borena Zone - Mulugeta Bekele
The human population size of Borena zone is about 1.6 million (1993). Ninety per
cent of the population lives in rural areas. Borena has 12 wereda’s, 448 PA’s and
254 DA’s. There are three climatic zones, which are known as Highland, MidHighland and Lowland.
Other topics presented were:
Population and households by wereda
Borena administrative divisions with their respective area coverage
Number and distribution of PA’s in Borena Administrative Zone
Percentage of land area covered by different Agro-Ecological by wereda
Number of DA’s by wereda
Cattle population by wereda after the year 2000 drought
Goat population and distribution by wereda
Sheep population and distribution by wereda
Distribution of camel, equine and chicken population by wereda
1
-
Land use and land coverage by wereda
4. East Hararge Zone - Tariku Safu
The human population size of East Hararge is about 2 million. East Hararge has
15 wereda’s, 417 PA’s and 413 DA’s. There are three climatic zones, which are
Highland, Mid-Highland and Lowland with about (18%, 47% and 35% of the
total land area respectively).
Other topics presented were:
Climate and topography of the zone
Land use
Livestock population, systems, distribution and animal production by
species
Feed Resources, availability, requirement and balance
Trends of Livestock population size
Livestock genetic resources, classification of cattle breeds
Livestock related problems
Human population and distribution
Number of DA’s by wereda
The following maps were presented: climatic regions, relief, mean annual
rainfall, rainfall pattern, land use and land cover, vegetation, grass cover,
drainage basin, distribution of veterinary clinics by wereda, slaughter
centres, livestock markets and AI service centre.
5. East Shoa Zone - Samuel Taye
The human population size in East Shoa is about 2 million (1993). Seventy one
per cent of the population lives in rural areas. East Shoa has 12 wereda’s, 442
PA’s and 319 DA’s. There are three climatic zones, which are Dry climate,
Tropical rainy and Temperate rainy climate.
Other topics presented were:
Livestock density and distribution
Livestock population per species and wereda (1996)
Human population and distribution by wereda (2000)
Number and distribution of households by woreda and peasant association
6. East Wolega Zone - Moti Cheru
The human population size in East Wolega is about 1.6 million. Eighty nine per
cent of the population lives in rural areas. East Wolega has 17 wereda’s, 280 PA’s
and 506 DA’s. There are three agro-ecological zones which are Highland (10%),
Mid-altitude (50%) and Lowland (40%).
2
Other topics presented were:
Livestock density and distribution
Species composition by woreda’s
Different types of breeds present in the zone
Number and distribution of PA’s, households and DA: Farmers ratio
Land use
Maps of relief, cattle, sheep and goat distribution.
7. Illubabur Zone -Turuaynet Damisee
The human population size of Illubabur zone is about 1 million. Ninety-one per
cent of the population lives in rural areas. Illubabur has 12 wereda’s, 387 PA’s
and 350 DA’s. There are three agro-ecological zones which are Highland
(12.4%), Semi-highland (62.1%) and Lowland (25.5%).
Other topics presented were:
Livestock density and distribution including the different cattle breeds
Livestock species composition by woreda
Number of DA, PA and households by woreda
Agro-ecological classification or agro-climatic characteristics
Human population and distribution by woreda
8. Jimma Zone - Mekonin Ayele
The human population size of Jimma zone is about 2 million (1994). Ninety percent of the population lives in rural areas. Jimma has 13 wereda’s, 455 PA’s, 394
DA’s and four climatic zones.
Other topics presented were:
Map of relief
Livestock related information and constraints
The location and agro climatic classification of the district
Number and distribution of households by wereda and by PA
Livestock density and distribution by wereda
Land resources by use and by wereda
9. North-West Shoa Zone - Gedefa W/Mariam
The human population size in North-West Shoa is about 1 million people. Ninety
two per cent of the population lives in rural areas. North-West Shoa has 12
wereda’s, 303 PA’s and 316 DA’s. There are three agro-ecological zones which
are Dega (54%), W/dega (28%) and Kola (18%).
3
Other topics presented were:
Rainfall, soil types, land use and constraints concerning the overall
livestock production
Year round water resource for irrigation by wereda
Livestock population by classes of animals (only for cattle) and by species
General information
10. West Hararge Zone - Kasiye Gadile
The human population size of West Hararge is about 1.4 million. Ninety two per
cent of the population lives in rural areas. West Hararge has 10 wereda’s, 305
PA’s and 238 DA’s. There are three agro-ecological zones which are Dega
(43.6%), W/dega (41.4%) and Kolla (43.6%).
Other topics presented were:
Map with altitude zones, tables of rainfall and temperature
Livestock population and distribution by wereda by species, breed names
and types, health and production constraints, etc.
Agro-ecological zonation by wereda
Area coverage of each wereda
Distance of wereda’s from zone capital and Addis
Population, distribution and density by wereda’s
Average number of farmers by PA
Extension service and Farmer service cooperative
Animal diseases prevalent in the zone
Distribution of animal health institutes and veterinary personnel
Breed type, population and distribution of livestock
Population and distribution of exotic breeds by wereda
Goat breeds introduced by Farm Africa
Area of land used for various purposes
Ratio of grazing land out of total land used by wereda
11. West Shoa Zone - Negewo Lema
The human population size of West Shoa Zone is about 2.3 million. Ninety per
cent of the population lives in rural areas. West Shoa has 23 wereda’s and 807
PA’s and 588 DA’s. There are three agro-ecological zones which are Dega (57%),
Woina dega (25%) and Kolla (18%).
Other topics presented were:
Land utilization pattern by wereda
Soil types, major crops grown by wereda
4
-
Livestock distribution by species and by wereda and breeds present
Human population by wereda
The altitude of woreda’s in the zone
The accessibility of woreda’s in the zone
12. West Wolega Zone - Kenate Regea
The human population size of West Wolega Zone is about 1.8 million (1999).
Ninety one per cent of the population lives in rural areas. West Wolega has 17
wereda’s, 620 PA’s and 421 DA’s. There are three agro-ecological zones which
are Dega (5%), W/dega (72%) and Kolla (23%).
Other topics presented were:
Livestock population, distribution and density
Livestock production constraints
Human population and distribution
Land use pattern by wereda’s
Number and distribution of livestock species by wereda and by agroecological zone
Population of cross breed cattle
Information on DA centres
Number and distribution of PA’s and distribution of farmers’ households
by agro-ecological zone
Points raised during and between presentations by Zonal Livestock experts:
1. Bushes and shrubs are not used by humans and are not grazed.
2. In Borena Zone, Highland breeds crossed with Borena breeds, causing
a dilution of the pure breed Borana.
3. Due to the drought, the interest in raising chickens has increased.
4. In the nomadic farming system, the ‘unproductive’ cattle are moving,
while the ‘productive’ cattle remains in one place (milking cows,
calves). Where there are permanent watering points, migration is only
during the dry season. Where there are no watering points, migration is
in the wet season.
5. Restocking programmes in Borena. Several NGO’s distribute mixtures
of goats and camels (breed wise) to farmers, which lead to intermixing
among indigenous breeds.
6. The question was raised whether or not we could make use of
veterinary technicians during the survey. It was suggested that since
these Animal Health technicians are not DA’s and operate differently
they can not be used. On the other hand, a suggestion was made to
5
make use of the existing infrastructure of the animal health care in
consultation with Bureau chief at wereda level so to help in the survey
work.
3.
Discussion on the use and availability of Livestock and livestock related
information
The purpose of this session was to get an idea of the actual use and availability of
livestock and livestock related information in the different zones and wereda’s
and to make participants aware of the importance of such information. Besides
this, problems associated with collection and organisation of such information at
the zonal and wereda offices were also discussed.
The following discussion points were presented and discussed:
1.
What purposes does information available on livestock resources serve?
2.
How adequate is information available on livestock resources at regional,
zonal and wereda levels?
a.
What information is missing and what are problems associated
with collection of this information?
b.
What do you suggest to solve this problem?
In the discussion the following points were raised:
1.
Information on livestock is needed for services like mass vaccination of
animals which requires that the number of animals is known. Also for
other health care services, livestock information is needed for planning
and distribution of such care. During a drought alarm in Borena,
information about the number and species of animals was required for the
distribution of feeds and other emerging aids.
For the development of policies and design of improvement strategies
livestock information is needed.
2.
It was also suggested that the collected data may sometimes not be
reliable, mainly because farmers are afraid of providing information as
they think it will be used for taxation purposes by the government.
Taxation makes pastoralists and nomads reluctant to give information on
the number of animals they own.
In Borena, households receive no emergency help if the number of TLU
they own is above a certain number. This may also lead to the collection
of unreliable data.
However, it was also suggested that farmers will give information if there
exist a good relationship between the farmer and the extension agents. It
6
3.
4.
was also indicated that if farmers are well informed about the purpose for
which the information will be used, they are willing give the information.
In some communities there exists a contact farmer, who has on average
four farmers under him for whom he acts as a team leader. This contact
farmer can obtain information from the farmer which may be more
reliable than the information which will be obtained by enumerator,
because the contact farmer lives within that community and is known to
these farmers.
It is found that some zonal livestock experts have not much contact with
experts at wereda’s level. The reason for this being the activity in each of
the weredas. In some wereda’s there may be a lot of activities going on,
while in others there may not even be a livestock expert assigned. In those
cases sometimes the crop expert will also deal with livestock activities. It
was also mentioned that sometimes the number of activities may be so
high, that livestock activities become second place.
After this discussion there was a discussion about supervision of the survey activities in
the field. There are supervisors at zonal level and at wereda level. The supervisors at
wereda level (most probably DA’s) should be competent and active to be involved in the
survey activities. If not, they should be exchanged. It is important that there is a good
organisation of the activities and that the activities are performed well. The supervisors at
wereda level should also act as enumerator, so this person also experiences doing an
interview and using the questionnaire.
The time of the training for the DA’s, (who will act as enumerators), was also discussed.
At first, we looked at the availability of the farmer to participate in an interview, but it is
as important or even more important to look at the availability of the enumerators. DA’s
are yearly engaged with for example, distribution of seeds and other inputs. It was
decided, the focus should be on the DA, because he needs to be trained to participate in
the survey work.
The outcome of these discussion is presented in the following Table 1.
7
Table 1
Proposed time schedule for training and field survey
Zone
Training months
Field survey months
1. Arsi
Sept-Oct
Oct-Dec
2. Bale
Oct-Nov
Nov-Dec
3. Borena
mid October
Nov-Jan
4. East Harage
Sept-Oct
Nov-Dec
5. East Shoa
Sept-Oct
Nov-Dec
6. East Wolega
October
Oct-Dec
7. Illubabor
Sept-Oct
December
8. Jimma
Sept-Oct
Nov-Dec
9. North-West Shoa Sept-Oct
Oct-Nov
10. West Hararge
Sept-Oct
Nov-Dec
11. West Shoa
Sept-Oct
Nov-Dec
12. West Wolega
Sept-Oct
Nov-Dec
All
Sept-Oct
Oct-Dec
Training sites
It was agreed that the training of DA's should be conducted in 3 selected zonal towns of
the Oromia Regional State (see Table 2).
Table 2
Training sites for the DA's
Training Site Participating DA's coming from
1 Nekempte
West-Shoa, Jimma, Illubabur, East Wollega, West Wollega Zones
2 Awassa
Borena, Bale and Arsi Zones
3 Nazereth
East Shoa, North West Shoa, East Hararghe and East-Hararghe
Zones.
* In Awassa, the training can be held at the university
4.
Questionnaire
During the last session of the first day of the workshop a presentation was made on the
questionnaire, which was developed for the survey (see Annex 3). The following day a
working session on the questionnaire was held where the whole group of participants
were split up into three groups (Table 3) and discussed on the following points.
1.
Is the order of the questions and is the structure of the questionnaire logical?
If not, how would you change it?
2.
Are there, according to you, shortcomings in the questionnaire? What other
information should be captured?
a. Indicate which questions may be difficult for the farmer to understand and
which questions may be sensitive to ask.
8
b. How would you improve/change these questions? Please make specific
suggestions on the copies of questionnaires provided and summarise for
discussion in the plenary.
Table 3
Grouping for the discussion on the questionnaire
Group 1, Cattle
Group 2, Sheep
Group 3, Goats
Mulugeta Bekele
Teshome Tsige
Kasiye Gadile
Samuel Taye
Mekonin Ayele
Kenate Regea
Aselefech Ayele
Moti Cheru
Tariku Safu
Negewo Lema
Turuaynet
Gedefa W/Mariam
Damisee
The outcome of the discussions were written down on flipcharts and presented by each
group and discussed upon.
Group 1 Cattle
1. The group agreed that the structure of the questionnaire was logical.
2. General information:
- Rainfall and temperature information may not be available in all wereda’s.
- Meteorological stations do not give accurate information about rainfall
etc., it may sometimes not be reliable and has to be purchased in Addis.
Some woreda’s may not even have a station.
- GPS information is not available at wereda level. A GPS is needed to
measure the altitude, longitude and latitude.
- Page numbers are missing on the questionnaires.
Phenotypic description:
- Number 7, 9, 10, 13 need additional reference, including number 15 and
17. Some questions need pictures to clarify the descriptions, other may
need an index for clarification (e.g. Ear size, small is < 15cm, medium 1530cm, large >30cm)
3. a. - Donkey meat may be a sensitive issue since donkeys are not meant for
meat in Ethiopia.
- Herd size. The farmer may be reluctant to respond to that question
and care should be taken in asking this question.
- Phenotypic questionnaire may be difficult to understand by the
respondent.
b.
For completing the phenotypic questionnaire it is advisable to make use
of references, like photos or measurement indexes
9
Group 2 Goats
1.
Group 2 find the structure of the questionnaire logical
2.
Group 2 identifies shortcomings and suggest additional information is needed
in the chapters ‘Household’, ‘Breeding’ and ‘Production characteristics’
- Household, question number 8.
8.2
Level of importance (income)
Milk selling
___ %
Milk consumption
___ %
8.3
Home consumption (meat) ___ %
Alive goat selling
___ %
- Breeding, question number 3
3.2
Mating
Jan
Jul
Feb
Aug
Mar
Sept
Apr
Oct
May
Nov
Jun
Dec
-
3.
Production characteristics, question number 15
15.2 Skin size
15.3 Skin quality
Large
High
Medium
Medium
Low
Low
Group 3 indicated that skin size and quality are important characteristics
and depend on the type of breed.
No comments from group 2 on question 3.
Group 3 Sheep
1.
Group 3 indicated that they to have no problem with the structure of the
questionnaire
2.
- Group 3 identifies shortcomings in the phenotypic description part of the
questionnaire. Especially for questions 8, 10, 13, 16 and 17. These
questions need a measurement index.
- The information asked in question 11 to 14 (rainfall and temperature), in
the wereda questionnaire, is too detailed. This information is difficult to
obtain, because it can only be purchased in Addis.
10
3.
Most questions in the production characteristics questionnaire are too time
consuming, except for question 7 and 14(?). There are too many technical
terms used and it will take too much time to explain to the farmer what
information is needed.
During the whole group discussion the following additional comments were given:

In the production system questionnaire, question number 3. The choices
dowry, ceremonies and cultural could be combined.

Chicken questionnaire. Hardly or no chicken breed names are known, they
have not been classified and given specific names.

In the breed/age/sex structure questionnaire, on crossbreeds, it is
sometimes very difficult to see if a certain animal is a cross or a purebred.

Camel blood is also used in some areas.

Semi pastoralist = transhumance

Regarding the pre-test of the questionnaire it was suggested the
questionnaire should be tested in all the different production systems.
This was because if testing is done in a certain area only then some
comments may not be captured. For instance, if pre-testing is done in an
area with mixed farming systems, it may give different information in
comparison to testing in a nomadic area.
5.
Introduction to the sampling design
In this session aspects of developing the sampling frame and the information required to
do so, were discussed (see Annex 4). The participants were briefed on what kind of
information is required to develop the sampling frame. In addition, a sampling frame
proposal was made and its implementation plan was presented and discussed.
Sampling frame proposal - I

Number of zones is 12 (100%). All zones will be sampled

Total number of woreda’s is 180
Four scenarios were proposed for the selection of the wereda’s per zone:
1. 5-10% = 9-18 woreda’s to be sampled from the 180
2. 10-15% = 18-27 woreda’s to be sampled from the 180
3. 15-20% = 27-36 woreda’s to be sampled from the 180
4. 20-25% = 36-45 woreda’s to be sampled from the 180
The above percentages are based on the diversity in each zone (between weredas) and the
size of the zone (no. of woredas).

Total number of households is 3.555.001.
11

Target number of households is 0.1 % = 3,555
Table 4 contains basic statistical information about the number of woreda’s, PA’s, DA’s
and households given by the participants during their presentation on their zones on the
first day of the workshop.
Number of woreda’s, PA’s, DA’s and households per zone in Oromia
No. of
No. of PA’s
No. of DA’s No. of
Woredas
households
1. Arsi
20
543
547
311,657
2. Bale
17
379
305
180,889
3. Borena
12
448
254
292,755
4. East Harage
15
417
413
420,799
5. East Shoa
12
442
319
340,439
6. East Wolega
17
280
506
239,653
7. Illubabor
12
387
350
166,191
8. Jimma
13
455
394
390,859
9. North-West Shoa
12
303
316
220,161
10. West Hararge
10
305
238
243,632
11. West Shoa
23
807
588
480,735
12. West Wolega
17
620
421
267,231
All
180
5,386
4,651
3,555,001
Table 4
Zone
Table 5 gives an idea of the proposed sampling frame based on information from Table 4.
In these calculations it was assumed that 23 % of the woreda’s from each zone and 1 to
1.5 % of the PA’s from each woreda are sampled.
12
Table 5
Zone
A proposed sampling frame calculation
No. of
Woredas to PAs to sample
Woredas
sample
per Woreda
1. Arsi
20
5
3-5
2. Bale
17
4
3-5
3. Borena
12
3
5-7
4. East Harage
15
3
3-5
5. East Shoa
12
3
5-7
6. East Wolega
17
4
2-4
7. Illubabor
12
3
4-6
8. Jimma
13
3
5-7
9. North-West Shoa 12
3
3-5
10. West Hararge
10
2
4-6
11. West Shoa
23
5
5-7
12. West Wolega
17
4
5-7
All
180
42
48-72
PAs to sample
per Zone
15-25
12-20
15-21
9-15
15-21
8-16
12-18
15-21
9-15
8-12
25-35
20-28
163-247
Summary of the proposed sampling frame:

12 zones, all zones will be sampled

42 woreda’s, which is 23% of all 180 woreda’s

163-247 PA’s, which 1 to 1.5 % of the PA’s per woreda

30 households per PA is proposed (maximum)

In total 4890-7410 households will be sampled
Implementation proposal
Logistical issues:
1.
Option A: Simultaneous coverage – all zones at the same time?
2.
Option B: One zone at a time?
3.
Option C: A group of zones at a time?
4.
Option D: Other?
How many enumerators are needed? Taking the sampling frame proposal into
consideration, there are two scenarios suggested.
1.
Scenario 1: Two household per day.
a. Maximum 242 persons for 15 days or
b. Maximum 121 for 30 days
2.
Scenario 2: Three households per day.
c. Maximum 242 persons for 10 days or
d. Maximum 121 persons for 20 days
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The calculation of the sampling frame was followed by a group discussion on
implementation issues. Participants of the workshop were divided into three groups and
discussed on the following points (see Table 6).
1. What are the key variables to be considered in choosing woreda’s within
each zone in your group to ensure that the survey is representative?
(Note: the total number of woreda’s is a separate issue)
2. Based on the maximum number of weredas suggested for sampling in
each zone, suggest which woreda’s to sample (for zones represented in
your group). Put them on the map provided (See Annex 5).
3. How should PA’s be chosen within each woreda?
a. Random?
b. Stratify woreda? If so, on what basis?
c. Which experts should be involved in making the final choice of PA’s?
4. What key variables should be used to stratify to ensure representativeness
within each PA – i.e. in choosing households?
5. Should we cover all zones simultaneously?
a. If you agree, give reason for this
b. If not, suggest an alternative and give advantages of this alternative
6. Suggest ways to handle (apparent) inadequacy of transport for supervision
– in light of budgetary constraint
7. For each of the three ‘major’ species, i.e. cattle, sheep and goats, list the
breeds or ‘strains’ in each zone as you know them today (see Annex 6).
8. Think of any expenditure item that you believe may have been forgotten in
our discussions
Table 6
The three different groups used for the group discussion on
implementation issues.
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
North West Shoa Borena
East Wellega
East Shoa
Bale
West Wellega
West Shoa
East Hararge
Jimma
Arsi
West Hararge
Illubabur
At the end of the group discussion a representative of each of the three groups made a
presentation on their group discussion results.
14
Discussion results
Group 1
1.
When choosing wereda’s, group 1 suggested that variables like population,
breed and farming systems should be taken into consideration.
2.
b. and c. PA selection should be carried out by stratifying the woreda, which
has to be done on the basis of population and species. In making the final
choice of PA’s, all experts should be involved (at zone, woreda and DA level),
including the farmers.
3.
In choosing the households, the variables population, species, farmers and
willingness of the farmers should be used to stratify the PA.
4.
To handle the lack of means of transportation the following suggestions, were
presented by group I:
- Maintenance of present vehicles
- Walking as an alternative for nearby households
- Make use of equines
- Public transport
5.
Group 1 indicated that the following expenditure items were forgotten in our
discussions:
- Stationary
- Telephone calls
- Briefcase
- Transport costs
Group 2
1.
In choosing wereda’s, group 2 suggested to consider the following variables:
a.
Agro-ecology
b.
Livestock composition
c.
Livestock population
d.
Ethnic composition
e.
Production system
3.
Stratification of the woreda should be based on:
a.
Farming system
b.
Ethnic diversity
c.
Livestock population and composition
d.
Accessibility
PA’s should be chosen by extension team leaders and concerned experts in close
consultation with supervisors and DA’s. The extension team leader should be
accompanied by the livestock expert, who will be informed by project
supervisors.
4.
Key variables suggested for the selection of households were:
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- Wealth status and
- Type of livestock holding
5.
Possible ways to handle the shortage of means of transport suggested were:
- Vehicle maintenance
- Renting mules and/or horses
- Maintenance of old bicycles and motorbikes
- Imposing a zonal committee to give priority to the planned survey.
6.
Group 2 also indicated that the following expenditure items, were forgotten in our
discussions:
- Stationary
- Utility materials e.g. bags, etc.
- Incentive/Per Diem for enumerators. Maybe also a soft drink for the
farmer
- Fuel costs
- Maintenance budget
- Per Diem for drivers
- Per Diem for supervisors
Group 3
In choosing weredas, group 3 suggested to consider the following variables.
1.
a. The presence of the three major livestock species. That is to say – cattle, sheep
and goats.
b. Wereda’s that have experience in extension package in the last 5 years.
c. Availability of wereda’s livestock expert
d. The accessibility of the road
3.
Stratification should be based on the above mentioned criteria in question number
1. Wereda’s livestock experts should be involved.
4.
Key variables suggested for the selection of households were:
- Households with livestock and
- Capability of the respondent to answer the questions (to be chosen by the
DA)
5.
Possible ways suggested to handle the inadequacy of transportation were:
- Purchase new vehicles
- Repair old possible vehicles
- Maintain motor bicycles
- Use mules and horses etc.
6.
Group 3 also indicated that the following expenditure items, were forgotten in our
discussions:
- The hall/tent for training purposes
- Stationary for training purpose
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In addition, group 3 made the suggestion to take pictures of indigenous breeds (a sample)
for each species. In this way the enumerators can identify the different breeds.
Additional information required
At the end of this session it was found that there was additional information required
from the workshop participants, which they should look for, collect and send to the
project supervisors in Addis to make the sampling frame calculation and the planning of
activities more complete. Firstly more detailed information is needed on woreda’s and
PA’s. The participants were given an assignment (see Box I) to select the woreda’s and
PA’s for sampling. Besides that, they were asked to calculate the number of households
to be sampled in the selected woreda and PA. (see Table 7 and Table 8).
Box 1 Assignments given for zonal livestock experts

How many enumerators?

For each of your woreda’s:
- Work with local experts to choose PA’s
- Identify an enumerator to cover each of the chosen PA’s
- Identify households to be sampled in each PA
- Consider ‘awareness’ strategies for the households,
individually or in groups
- Send this information to ILRI/OADB Addis
Table 7
Woreda
Required details on woreda’s to be sampled
No. of PA’s Total
No. of Households to be
Households
sampled
1. xxxxxxxxx
2. xxxxxxxxx
?
Table 8
Required details on PA’s to be sampled
PA (name/code?)
Total
No. of Households to be
Households
sampled
1. xxxxxxxxx
2. xxxxxxxxx
?
It was agreed that zonal livestock experts should preferably complete their assignments
(Table 5 and 6) and send them back to Addis by the end of May.
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The participant were also asked to make a list of names of the DA’s who will be involved
in the survey activities and they were asked to indicate how many enumerators were
needed in their zone during the survey. This list should preferably be finished around
April and May.
6.
Final discussion
During the final discussion of the workshop, the following points were raised:

Per Diem

Vehicles

Allocation of issues from the participants where ILRI is most responsible
for technical issues and OADB will handle mostly financial issues
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