State Papers Online – Part III A Resource for Spanish History State Papers Online is an online archive of English/British State documents from the 17th century. The range of documents is enormous and covers trade relations and rivalries between Spain and England. William III’s letters to Charles II of Spain, the War of the Spanish succession and exploration in the West Indies are covered in the large numbers of manuscripts. 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Wilford, President of the Spanish Merchants Company] of the commodities of merchandise interchanged between England, Spain, and Portugal, and of those imported from Spain” (May 21? 1604) SP 14/8 f.68 “Regulations for preventing abuses in the Narrow Seas and ports of England, by hostilities committed therein between the vessels of Spain and the United Provinces, now at war with each other” (1604) SP 14/11 f.93 List of the commodities of merchandise interchanged between England, Spain, and Portugal, and of those imported from Spain SP 14/8 f.68 “Bill to enable the subjects of England and Wales to trade freely into the dominions of Spain, Portugal, and France” (March 29 1606) SP 14/19 f.175 “Sir Ferdinando Gorges to Salisbury” (May 2 1608) SP 14/32 f.54 Escape of Capt. Challoner out of Spain. Bad feeling of the Spaniards towards England. “Opinions in reference to suitable alliances for the Prince of Wales and Princess Elizabeth” (1611) SP 14/67 f.109 Bill to enable the subjects of England and Wales to trade freely into the dominions of Spain, Portugal, and France, 1606 SP 14/19 f. 175 Danger of encouraging Popery by introducing a daughter of Savoy or Spain into England. The Prince of Piedmont an unequal match for the Princess, unless the King of Spain will give him the duchy of Milan on his marriage, which is not likely, as that King is said to want her for himself She could not marry him without changing her religion, and such a marriage would be dangerous to the two that are between her and the Crown. “Petition of the Merchant Adventurers to the King” (Dec? 1618) SP 14/104 f.95 Against the proposed introduction of base or copper money, which has proved injurious in Spain and Germany, and would do so in England, by disturbing public credit, and driving way merchant strangers, &c. “Memoranda addressed to the Council of inconveniences from suffering too great quantities of corn to be carried at one time into Spain” (1620) SP 14/118 f.235 “Statement [by Sir Thos. Wilson]” ([undated] 1621?) SP 14/124 f.230 Of the advisability of printing a gazette of news in England, as already done in Germany, France, Italy, and Spain. “Reasons agreed on by the two Houses of Parliament, to fortify their advice to the King to break off all treaty with Spain” (March 5 1624) SP 14/160 f.42 95 The request made by Spain of a general connivance at Popery in England; the increase, during the treaties, of Jesuits and priests, depending on Spain as much as Rome; the advantage taken thereof to oppress Protestantism, and deprive the King's son-in-law of all his dominions, and the indignity done to the Prince in Spain, in importuning him to forsake his religion; with statement of the particulars on which is grounded the charge of insincerity against Spain. “Geo. Carleton, Bp. of Chichester, to the Carleton” (May 3? 1624) SP 14/164 f.19 Always expected a war with Spain, unless one party converted the other. The contest will become most important, and will be a war of Papists against Protestants; as the fall of Rome is prophesied in Scripture, and not that of England, hopes that England will prevail. “Discourse upon the mischievous designs of Komanists against England, the probability that Spain is now projecting a descent upon England or Ireland” (Sept? 1624) SP 14/172 f.107 “Note of jewels lately brought from Spain”(Nov 1 1624) SP 14/174 f.9 “Project to annoy Spain” ([undated]1624?) SP 14/180 f.85 By keeping a fleet of 40 vessels constantly on the coast; arguing the importance of seizing a seaport, either in Barbary or one of the Mediterranean islands, as a storehouse for victuals, provisions “Notes of foreign intelligence” ([Sept?] 1625) SP 16/521 f.317 War proclaimed in Spain, 12th May, against England, Scotland, and Ireland, yet freedom of trade to the Irish and Scottish so as they coloured not English goods. The King [of Spain] to be at Madrid, 16th May, to receive the Pope's nephew; thence to Lisbon with him to see the fleet of 200 sail. Thirty gallions to waft the West Indian fleet, which brought a double proportion. The seamen of Ireland and many English pilots and others go for Spain. “Statement of reasons in favour of the expedition against Spain, preserved amongst the Conway Papers” ([Aug]1625) SP 16/521 f.209 “The King's reply to the petition of the Commons” (1621) SP 14/124 f.55 Blames their meddling with the Spanish match, to which he now stands pledged, and also with the conduct of the war, when they were only called to advise upon supplies, and accuses them of usurping undue powers, and of reflecting on the King of Spain. “Warrant to pay to Sebastian de Riviere 60l., for carrying a packet into Spain” (Nov 16 1623) SP 14/214 f.50 “Observations on the proceedings with Spain, since the commencement of the Bohemian war” (1624) SP 14/160 f.11 “Estimate of money required to defray the charges of the Cadiz expedition and incidental expenses of the war with Spain” (1625) SP 16/521 f.316 The subsidizing of the King of Denmark and Count Mansfeldt Totals of the cost of the Cales [Cadiz] fleet and army, 313,547l. 13s. 3d.; for the second fleet, 107,306l. 7s. “Suggestions for the employment of a land army in war time [against Spain]” (May 7 1626) SP 16/523 f.186 “Règlement for ships passing or trading in the Narrow Seas or any of his Majesty's ports” (1633-4) SP 16/260 f.254 Copy of a draft of a proposed royal declaration prohibiting acts of war between ships of Spain and Holland within the ports and roads of the Narrow Seas, “commonly called the “Four English Seas.” “Notes concerning the mode in which letters are conveyed to and from England, Flanders, and Spain” ([undated] 1629?) SP 16/154 f.125 “Sec. Nicholas to Jos. Jane” (Sept 28/ Oct 8 1655) SP 18/100 f.354 Cromwell has told the merchants in England that the King of Spain has declared war against the English… All English ships and goods are seized in Spain, 32 being arrested at Malaga and Cadiz. Blake is in the river of Lisbon to victual, and then join with some Portuguese ships against Spain. “Holland's representation, or the Dutchman's looking glass, wherein he may see the inevitable ruin attending his ingratitude to the British nation, if not speedily prevented by his just satisfaction and humble.submission to the King of England.” (1666?) SP 29/187/2 f.139 A wood-cut by R. Gaywood, representing Holland in the form of a cow-fed by Charles II., mounted by the King of Spain, the King of Denmark, Bishop of Munster, Holland's representation, or the Dutchman's looking glass, wherein he may see the inevitable ruin attending his ingratitude to the British nation, if not speedily prevented by his just satisfaction SP 29/187/2 f.139 Louis XIV., &c, surrounding her.In verse, printed by T. J. for F. K., at the Prince's Arms, Chancery Lane:— Inc. “What may this emblem mean? A cow with kings? A mitred prince?—These are mysterious things.” “Certificate by S. Pepys that a pass was granted, pursuant to the Treaty marine with Spain and the United Provinces, to the Jonas of London dated 6 Sept., 1676” (1677) SP 29/396 f.83 “S. Pepys to William Blathwayt” (Nov 27 1677) SP 29/397 f.267 Trade from Italy and Portugal and the south of France and Spain is mostly in commodities which by the said Act are to be imported in English-built shipping or foreign-built shipping belonging to England S. Pepys to William Blathwayt SP 29/397 f.267 “Note of Proceedings in Regard to the War with France and Spain” (June 1702) SP 34/1 f.78 Orders issued to the Treasury, Admiralty and Warden of the Cinque Ports for laying an embargo on all ships and vessels within any of the ports of the Kingdom. “An abstract of British prisoners in Spain” (Aug 23 1710) SP 34/19 “Extract of the regulation of trade with Spain” (undated) SP 34/28 f.201 “Proclamation issued by Henry, Earl of Galway and General—in—Chief of the queen's troops in Spain and Portugal” (undated) SP 34/33 f.262 Stating the nature of rewards and incentives to be offered to dissenting Spanish soldiers leaving the service of the French to fight with the English King of Spain_______________________________________________________________ “Proclamation, with certain ordinances, to be observed by his Majesty's subjects toward the King of Spain” (1605) SP 14/73 f.63 “Petition of merchants trading to Malaga in Spain to the King” (1605) SP 14/12 f.105 To order Thos. Stanton to be sent home, to answer for his interference in inducing the King of Spain to levy an imposition upon them. “Detail [by Levinus Munck, corrected by Salisbury,]” (1605) SP 14/21 f.8 Of the secret negotiations of Guy Faukes and Rob. Winter with the King of Spain and Constable of Castile, to induce them to support the Catholic cause, on the accession of James I. States that nothing was proved, from any of the examinations, inculpating any foreign prince in the Gunpowder Plot. “The King of Spain to Julian Sanches de Ulloa” (1618) SP 14/99 f.168 “Order in Council, made on the above application of Diego de Castro Cortasar, showing that he had come over for satisfaction, on a promise thereof made by the King to the King of Spain” (1621) SP 14/123 f.33 “Chamberlain to Carleton” (1621) SP 14/120 f.160 Some say the King of Spain, on his death-bed, bequeathed his daughter to the Emperor's son, others, to our Prince. “Speech by Colonel Cecil in the House of Commons” (Feb 5 1621) SP 14/119 f.118 Danger resulting to England from the ambition of the King of Spain, who aspires to universal monarchy, pushes his arms abroad, and has the connivance of Papists at home; necessity of providing against it by raising forces for foreign service, and strengthening defences at home. “Proposition [by the Spanish Ambassadors] for a proclamation notifying the King's intention of strengthening his alliance with Spain, by the marriage of the Prince” (Aug 2? 1623) SP 14/150 f.18 “Journal, &c. of the manner of the arrival and magnificent entertainment given to the Prince of Great Britain by the King of Spain” (April? 1623) SP 14/143 f.137 Journal, &c. of the manner of the arrival and magnificent entertainment given to the Prince of Great Britain by the King of Spain SP 14/143 f.137 “Poem, by Sir Hen. Goodere” (May 17 1623) SP 14/145 f.19 On the Prince's journey to Spain, defending it against those who impugn it on the grounds of the national hatred between the countries, of the toleration to Popery likely to arise from the match, of the secrecy of the undertaking, &c., wishing a speedy and happy return to him, in company with his bride. Poem, by Sir Hen. Goodere With an epistle dedicatory to the Prince SP 14/145 f.19 “Speech of Sir Ben. Rudyard in the House of Commons” (March 1 1624) SP 14/160 f.20 The King of Spain has verified the proverb that a Kings daughters are so many ways to deceive his neighbours. The match is injurious to the State, for since the treaty began, the Palatinate and almost all Protestantism abroad are lost, and much Papistry sprung up at home. To proceed with the treaty would only subject us to more abuse, and entangle us in a net. “Names of the King of Spain's subjects prisoners in England” (Dec 13 1626) SP 16/41 f.138 “Narrative of the course of public affairs in England, from the entry into the treaties with Spain for the marriage of the present King, and the restoration of the Palatinate, until the present time” (Feb 28 1626) SP 16/21 f.127 Written with the view of disabusing the public mind of various prevalent “jealousies, rumours, and misinterpretations” respecting the conduct of the King and the Duke of Buckingham. “Francis Lord Cottington to Sir Henry Vane” (1632) SP 16/223 f.125 The Court mourns for the death of Don Carlos, the King of Spain's brother, but rejoices at the “atonement” made in France between the King and his brother “Printed bill, which announces that the Count de la Tour and Tassis, General Hereditary of the Post of the Emperor and of the King of Spain in his Low Countries, Burgundy, &c., undertakes not” (1637) SP 16/375 f.47 “Articles of peace, intercourse, and commerce, concluded between Charles I. and Philip IV., of Spain” (1630) SP 16/175 f.44 “The King to the Empress” (Dec 17 1641) SP 16/486 f.133 Letter of condolence on the untimely death of the Infante of Spain, her Majesty's brother “The King of Spain to Admiral Robt. Blake” (Nov 14/24 1650) SP 18/11 f.121 I have given orders in all my ports that you shall always find satisfaction, and wish the Parliament to receive the same from me, in all things. Printed bill, which announces that the Count de la Tour and Tassis, General Hereditary of the Post of the Emperor and of the King of Spain in his Low Countries, Burgundy, &c., undertakes not SP 16/375 f.47 “T. Ross to [Sec. Nicholas.]” (Feb 29 1655) SP 18/124 f.224 I am glad to find your firm hope of the King of Spain's shortly entertaining the King. I hope your opinion is better founded than that in England that Cromwell would come to a composition if he could, notwithstanding the bustle he makes. “Secretary Boyle to Lieut Gen [James] Stanhope” (1709) SP 34/11 f.25 He has full powers to conclude the treaty with the king of Spain giving possession of Minorca to the queen “Tho[mas] Macarty to Earl of Dartmouth, from London. On his sufferings since leaving King Philip [of Spain's] service in obedience to HM's proclamations, and praying for future employment” (1714) SP 34/18 f.119 King Charles II of Spain______________________________________________________ “The King of Spain to the King” (1691) SP 8/9 f.192 Thanks him for his letter of the 14th June, testifying his zeal for the public good, and particularly in respect of the crown of Spain, which had already been declared to the writer by Lord [Don] Francis Schomberg in King William's name. “Queen Marianne [second wife of King Charles II. of Spain] to William III” (1696) SP 8/16 f.189 I do not cease to declare myself in favour of peace; the King [of Spain] has given all possible orders and instructions to that end. “Marianne, Queen of Spain, to the King” (Feb 19/March 1 1697) SP 8/16 f.595 Ill health prevents her writing as frequently as she would. She never doubts but that the King's clear views and inalterable constancy will provide the succour of which both kingdoms now stand in need. The greatest fear, at the moment, is as regards Catalonia; the least advantage gained there by the enemy would be equally prejudicial to England and Spain. “Charles II, King of Spain to the King” (March 4/14 1697) SP 8/16 f.641 With regard to the assistance of troops promised him by England. “Charles II., King of Spain, to the King, as to the appointment of a Governor of the Low Countries” (1697) SP 8/10 f.96 Charles II, King of Spain to the King SP 8/16 f.641 “King Charles II of Spain to William III, congratulating him on the success of the Allies” (1697) SP 8/17 f.55 Spanish____________________________________________________________________ “Opinion against a Spanish match for the Princess of England as dangerous to the life of the King” (1611) SP 14/67 f.111 Also against Italian matches, either for the Prince or Princess, arguing that she should marry into Protestant Germany, and naming the Palatine house as most suitable. “List of the Priests confined in. various prisons in England, all of whom the King has consented to deliver to the Spanish Ambassador” (June 5 1618) SP 14/97 f.246 “Sec. Naunton to Lord Admiral Buckingham” (Sept 28 1621) SP 14/122 f.250 Ships of war are prepared at Dieppe, St. Malo, and other French ports, which are to be joined by Spanish vessels and to attack Ireland, in order to divert the King from sending succour to Rochelle. “Reasons conceived by Spanish instruments for liberty of “Popery in England.” (1631) SP 16/205 f.163 “[Don Alonso de Cardenas,] Spanish Ambassador, to the King” (1641) SP 16/485 f.173 Oblige me to represent to your Majesty the great grievance and prejudice I have received by the Parliament infringing the right of Ambassadors and the public faith under which, and your royal protection, I ought to enjoy all assurance, by a suspicion impeaching my upright intentions and the sincerity I have always professed and endeavoured to demonstrate in whatever concerns your royal service, and the conveniences of your kingdom. “Account of 244 bags of Spanish or Segovia cloth wools received by 3 several vessels from Weymouth” (1644) SP 16/502 f.111 “List of 10 Spanish officers and 112 soldiers who are prisoners in England, with their places of abode” (1656) SP 18/131 f.194 Trade with Spain____________________________________________________________ “Petition from the English merchants trading to Spain and Portugal to the Council for redress” (1605) SP 14/16 f.205 They complain of the injuries they receive in their trade, and of their persecutions for religion, contrary to treaty. “Statement of “the good that may ensue” by incorporation of the English merchants trading into Spain and Portugal; with suggestions for their government” (1605) SP 14/12 f.108 “Treatise by Edw. Bennett on the inconveniences of importing tobacco from Spain” ([undated]1622?) SP 14/135 f.118 It is the chief cause of the scarcity of corn and bullion in England, 60,000l. being spent yearly in its purchase, and English goods fallen 20 per cent, in the Spanish markets. “Statement of the amount of Customs on exports and imports in the trade to Spain, Portugal, and the Islands, for the past year. Total 69,898l. 2s. 4d” (Dec 25 1623) SP 14/156 f.3 “Sir Sackville Trevor to Buckingham” (June 3 1627) SP 16/62 f.87 Reports arrangement: made for stopping the contraband traffic between Hamburgh and Spain. “Propositions for defence of the kingdom by sea in the handwriting of W. Chesterman, Clerk to Secretary Conway” (1628) SP 16/529 f.107 The first squadron to lie off and on, near the Western Islands and as high as the Canaries for [the intercepting of] Brazil men-of-war, the Caracs and Plate fleet. The second at the Southern Cape and as low as the Groyne, for capture of ships going in or out of Spain or Portugal “Petition of English merchants who trade to Spain to the King” (1632) SP 16/229 f.30 Care was taken by his Majesty's Commissioners in the late treaty of peace with Spain, that commerce should be free for the King's subjects in the King of Spain's dominions. “Clause proposed for insertion in the treaty with Spain that English manufactures be not esteemed contraband; that the certificates of their ships be credited” (1665) SP 29/139 f.133 “Considerations offered to Parliament against the Bill to reduce interest from 6 to 4% per annum”(1698) SP 32/13 f.237 The natives themselves will send their money into Spain or other countries, where interest is greater, and securities less hazardous. “Commissioners for trade and plantations to Hedges” (1704) SP 34/5 f.181 Proposals offered by Hedges for making practicable a trade to and from Spain by the subjects of England, and from which so many benefits will manifestly accrue. Chart of the Western coast of Europe. before 1600 © The British Library Board. Madrid____________________________________________________________________ “Brief account of the arrival of the Prince at Madrid, and of his reception and entertainment [similar in substance to the printed relation]” (1623) SP 14/143 f.157181 “The first number of the Intelligencer,—News from Copenhagen of Count Uhlfeldt's conspiracy; from Amsterdam, Madrid, and Paris” (1663) SP 29/79 f.180 “Sir William Hodges to [?], from Winchester Street.” (1710) SP 34/13 f.56 On behalf of Francis Arther, a merchant in Madrid who desires a recommendation from Lord Dartmouth for protection, as King Philip is about to leave Madrid 1710 Sept 22 Barcelona__________________________________________________________________ “Richard Gibson to the Navy Commissioners” (1671) SP 29/299 f.149 We hear from Marlia [Marseilles ?] that six galleys and ten ships are arming there for the relief of Barcelona, and are commanded in chief by Capt. Ferere, a famous thief, that has done much mischief to our nation in burning the Talent and taking other ships, and now intends the like ruin to any of our ships. “R. Yard to the “My Lord Ambassador” Williamson” (1697) SP 32/7 f.83 I believe we must prepare ourselves to hear that Barcelona is taken, or a neutrality agreed on for Catalonia. “Another news-letter to the “Lord Ambassador” Williamson” (1697) SP 32/7 f.152 We received news from Madrid by letters of the 16th ult., old style, that the King of Spain was perfectly well again, and that the Spaniards had a very good opinion of their affairs in Catalonia, and seemed very confident of saving Barcelona. “News-letter” (1697) SP 32/8 f.7 The Spanish Alliance had that morning arrived with one mail from Corunna in four days. She brings news from Madrid that the King of Spain, in order to put a stop to the murmurs of the people occasioned by the surrender of Barcelona, had resolved in council to march in person to Sarragossa. To that end 1,500 foot and 500 horse were being raised in Madrid Seville_____________________________________________________________________ “A True Relation how the Catholic King James draws his subjects to the Knowledge of the Holy Faith,” (1606) SP 14/24 f.93 Spanish poem by Juan de Goday, with two other short “romances” on similar subjects appended. “William Purnel [a priest from Seville in Spain] to his brother Thos. Purnel” (1625) SP 16/4 f.102 A second letter of View of Seville 1595? exhortation to embrace the © The British Library Board. true Catholic faith. Reasons which induced the writer to make change of his religion. “Petition of James Stonehouse to the King:— (1626) SP 16/32 f.147 Having lost his ship, the Elizabeth Margaret, by going into Seville, not knowing of the breach of peace, he prays to be allowed to purchase the Fortune, an old Flemishbuilt prize lying at Deptford, near the Dock, on favourable terms. “Warrant to the Commissioners of Customs to permit Edw. Back-well to export Mexico, Seville, and Spanish coin, to the value of 27,658l., custom free” (1656) SP 25/77 f.385 “Certificate by the Mint officers” (1656-7) SP 18/154 f.74 Authorizing the Master of the Mint, to receive of Mr. Maynard by weight the money that came from Portugal, that there were delivered 133,642¾ pieces of 8 in Seville and Mexico money, weighing 9,601 lbs. 9 oz. “Sir W. Clarke to Williamson” (1665) SP 29/137 f.18 From Seville the account of the Tangiers fleet is that seven Dutch men-of-war met 17 English merchantmen with one galley, which engaged the Dutch till most of the vessels got into harbour “Hugh Salesbury to Williamson” (1670) SP 29/275 f.11 Capt. Kempthorne, in the Mary Rose, has parsed the Isle of Wight with Lord Howard's retinue, and convoyed several English and Dutch merchant ships, one of which, laden with oranges and lemons from Seville, has put in here, having sprung a leak. Jamaica and the West Indies__________________________________________________ “Sec. Conway to the English Colonels with Mansfeldt” (Jan 26 1625) SP 14/214 f.97 Sends the declaration touching Mansfeldt's passage; they are in no other way to attempt anything against the King of Spain's dominions. “The King to Attorney General Heath” (April 17 1627) SP 16/60 f.61 Warrant to prepare such an enlargement of the commission granted to the Earl of Warwick, as would authorize him to invade and possess any of the dominions of the King of Spain Map of Central America and West Indies. before 1600 © The British Library Board. “Petition of English merchants who trade to Spain to the King” ([undated]1632?) SP 16/229 f.30 Care was taken by his Majesty's Commissioners in the late treaty of peace with Spain, that commerce should be free for the King's subjects in the King of Spain's dominions. Petitioners set forth a variety of cases of exaction and interference contrary to the agreed freedom of traffic. They complain that the Government takes all goods belonging to any person dying in Spain “Declaration of the Protector” (Nov 29 1655) SP 18/101 f.370 The King of Spain has lately seized English ships and goods, without the 6 months notice agreed upon by the treaty of peace in 1630 to be given in case of war, having not only exercised for many years great cruelties to the English in Barbadoes, but now made preparations for war, and ordered the seizure of English ships; therefore an universal embargo, seizure, and reprisals have been issued against the said King and his subjects, and his Highness entreats all Princes in amity with him to restrain their subjects from sending, lending, or selling to the said King any arms or instruments of war. As the law of nations allows all such to be treated as contraband, they will be seized after due notice, and forfeited on proof that they were intended for Spain. “—— to his brother, Tho. Everard, Norwich” (March 19 1661) SP 29/32 f.203 All Papists are to be turned out of employment. Hears that the King will keep Jamaica and Dunkirk, which will be a great check to the Popish party. There is fear of war with Spain. “[H. Muddiman] to Thos. Bond, haberdasher” (June 9 1670) SP 29/276 f.123 It is reported that a vessel from London, not finding any trade at Jamaica, went to South Cams near Mantanella for trade; finding a Spanish man-of-war, the master sent his mate aboard to inform him that he had merely come to trade, and meant nothing hostile; but the Spanish commander kept the mate, and the next morning fell upon the English ship, and after a close fight, took her, killing the master and most of his men; the Spaniard had 36 killed, and 30 wounded “News-letter to Mr. John Davies at Hertford” (July 1 1671) SP 29/291 f.143 Jamaica letters of 15 April, advise that the fleet of “pirateers,” under the command of General Morgan, sailed in December from the Isle of Vaca in High Spaniola (Hispaniola), with 34 sail of small vessels and above 2,000 men “P. Bowles to William Blathwait, Secretary of War” (Dec 27 1689) SP 32/2 f.136 A list of the ships that make up the squadron for the Leeward Islands, Barbadoes, and Jamaica. “Remarks and queries by the South Sea Company on a certain contract, and the king of Spain's licences for two ships to go to the northern ports of the Spanish West Indies” ([July 17]1713?) SP 34/21 f.154 Gibraltar___________________________________________________________________ “Instructions for management of the ship and crew”(May 29 1621) SP 14/121 f.126 They are to proceed, in company with the Dreadnought, to join Sir Robt. Mansell's Fleet at Gibraltar “Commanders of 14 merchant vessels off Gibraltar to Capt. Teddeman” (Aug 7 1660) SP 29/10 f.92 “Petition of Peter Skinner to queen [Anne]” (undated) SP 34/35 f.35 As secretary to the Prince of Hesse, he was sent to Gibraltar to report on the garrison, but was arrested by one Pickering for a debt, and so prays for release Anne “Copy of the instructions to Col Joseph Bennet, engineer, for the fortification of Gibraltar” (1710 June 19) SP 34/12 f.137 Claire Napoli for Julia de Mowbray, Publisher, June 2010 Please contact Julia de Mowbray with any questions (julia.demowbray@cengage.com)