What is the most primitive group of living fishes in Wisconsin?
What is the most unique morphological aspect of these fishes?
Lamprey, Jawless
Define the following terms: lotic and lentic
Lotic – flowing water, lentic – standing water
What is the Webberian apparatus? What is its function?
4-5 modified vertebrae connecting swim bladder to inner ear, Provides a sense of water
pressure (and thus depth)
Which one of these fish are you most likely to find in a stream, a lake, or both?
(longnose dace, emerald shiner, white sucker)
What are 4 major trends in fish evolution?
loss of armor, increased cranium and jaw sophistication, air bladders, fin placement,
simplified skeleton
Quit crowding me
What are the three types of competition?
Apparent, exploitative, interference
In the most famous fish competition experiments, what centrachid species did Werner
and Hall use, and what was the habitat distinction?
Bluegill, green sunfish, pumpkinseed and weeds/no weeds
What are the 2 levels we can easily quantify competition at, and give an example of a
way to measure competition at each level?
individual and population, behavior/physiology/morphological and then
abundance/distribution
Name the four most common ways fish are introduced into the US?.
Ballast water, canals, intentional stocking, aquaculture
There are 5 general types of species interactions, name 4 of them.
competition, predation, mutualism, amensalims, commensalism
Just gotta grow
What part of the equation is missing?
Consumption =
+ Waste + Growth
Metabolism
What are the units of Bioenergetics 3.0?
grams per gram per day
What are the 3 primary ways to determine growth of fish over a season?
calcified structures/length frequency/individual tags
When is a fish's birthday and what does year class refer to?
Jan 1, year that a fish hatched.
Name 4 calcified structures that are aged from fish.
Otolith, scale, Cleithra, vertebrate, operculu, fin rays, fin spines
Before back-calculating growth, what relationship must be established?
fish length to part radius
Know yo' TA
What species introduction into Canada and the Adirondacks lakes threatens native fish
diversity and food web function?
Smallmouth bass
What species is described as an obligate planktivore in the Great Lakes, but is continually
found in inshore waters consuming benthic invertebrates? Are they native?
alewife, no
In what kind of areas of the Great Lakes are round gobies are often discovered to be
present first? And provide 2 reasons why?
Ports/Harbors, ballast water introduction/bait bucket/recreational boat traffic/that's
where scientists launch their boats and start looking
What carbon isotope ratio can be used to track energy flow through lake ecosystems?
13 12
C/ C
At what time scale can the stable isotopes of an otolith be accurately determined?
daily
The invasion of what species has helped create more favorable habitat conditions in the
Great Lakes for other invaders? Give me 2 reasons why
Zebra mussels, focus nutrients on the bottom/increase benthic invertebrates/clear water
for sight feeding zooplankton
Define the following terms and what they refer to based on Brian's research in northern
Wisconsin: autochthonous and allochthonous
Refer to carbon, and whether it is produced within the lake or originates from the land
mmmmm…
Draw the three types of functional response curves?
I, II, III
Who developed functional response, and what general organisms did they study?
C.S. "buzz" Holling, mammals (rodents) and caterpillars/worms
Why sample, pick, and quantify stream benthic invertebrates?'
To determine fish diet electivity, determine the proportions of what fish are eating
relative to what is in the stream.
Name 5 biotic factors that we determined in class, influence fish feeding?
Name 5 abiotic factors that we determined in class, influence fish feeding
What were the most common diet item, by number, in trout diets? and What was the
family and common name of the largest diet item?
Trichopter/caddisflies,Cottidae, mottled sculpin,