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() Tj
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(2) Tj
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(and fire on the basis of religion, we do not comment on that
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(U.S.C. §) Tj
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( ) Tj
.36 Tw
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1.88 Tw
(Vision qualifies for the exemption. ) Tj
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -13.3 Td
.86 Tw
(Salem) Tj
(, 320 F.3d 968, 973 \(9th Cir. 2003\) \() Tj
(ªViewing the evi-) Tj
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1.96 Tw
(dence in the light most favorable to the plaintiffs, we must) Tj
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2.17 Tw
(determine whether there are any genuine issues of material) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
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(fact and whether the [district court] correctly applied the rele-) Tj
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(vant substantive law.) Tj
(º\).) Tj
4.9 Ts
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(3) Tj
0 Ts
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145.668 -26.4 Td
1.2 Tw
(A) Tj
-133.668 -26.3 Td
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(Typically, the question of whether an organization is reli-) Tj
-12 -13.3 Td
.62 Tw
(gious for purposes of section 2000e-1 warrants little analysis.) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
3.71 Tw
(In most cases, the organization seeking the exemption is) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
4.32 Tw
(ªclearlyº religious, and the result is straightforward. ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(See) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
.69 Tw
(EEOC v. Townley ) Tj
(Eng'g & Mfg. Co.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 859 F.2d 610, 618 \(9th) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
3.73 Tw
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0 -13.3 Td
2.84 Tw
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0 -13.3 Td
1.58 Tw
(organization. ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(See, e.g.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Corp. of the Presiding Bishop of the) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
2.62 Tw
(Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints v. Amos) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 483) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
1.2 Tw
(U.S. 327 \(1987\).) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -26.3 Td
.33 Tw
([2]) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
() Tj
3 Tw
( ) Tj
.33 Tw
(We have twice addressed this question where the result) Tj
-12 -13.3 Td
2.53 Tw
(was less than obvious. In ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Townley) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, we decided that a for-) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.5 Tw
(profit manufacturer of mining equipment did not qualify for) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
.44 Tw
(the exemption. 859 F.2d at 619. We characterized our inquiry) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
.01 Tw
(as an effort ) Tj
(ªto determine whether the `general picture' of [an]) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.7 Tw
(institution is ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(primarily religious) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( or secular.) Tj
(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Id. ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(at 618 n.14) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.57 Tw
(\(emphasis added\). In making that determination, we empha-) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.27 Tw
(sized that ) Tj
(ªeach case must turn on its own facts. All signifi-) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.16 Tw
(cant religious and secular characteristics must be weighed to) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
2.9 Tw
(determine whether the corporation's purpose and character) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
10 -26 Td
4.1 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
1.71 Tw
(3) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(The nature of the Employees' duties is irrelevant to our analysis. If)
Tj
-10 -11.2 Td
3.19 Tw
(World Vision qualifies for the exemption, it is entitled to terminate)
Tj
0 -11.2 Td
.67 Tw
(employees for exclusively religious reasons, without respect to the
nature) Tj
0 -11.2 Td
1 Tw
(of their duties. ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(See ) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(42 U.S.C. §) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
1 Tw
(2000e-1\(a\). ) Tj
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(ISION) Tj
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(Id.) Tj
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( at) Tj
0 -13 Td
.8 Tw
(618. We also analyzed the ) Tj
(ªfar from comprehensive) Tj
(º legisla-) Tj
0 -13 Td
4.12 Tw
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2.57 Tw
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2.32 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
.62 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
.77 Tw
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(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Id.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( at 617-18 \() Tj
(ª[T]he central function of) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.11 Tw
(section 702 has been to exempt churches, synagogues, and the) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.28 Tw
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(º\).) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.66 Tw
(Institutions ) Tj
(ªmerely `affiliated' with a religious organization) Tj
(º) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Id.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( at 617.) Tj
12 -26 Td
.95 Tw
(In ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Kamehameha) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, we reaffirmed ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Townley) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( while concluding) Tj
-12 -13.1 Td
.17 Tw
(that two private educational institutions did not qualify for the) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
4.28 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
1.38 Tw
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(ªnarrow-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.1 Tw
(ly,º and the institution seeking the benefit of the statute would) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
3 Tw
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(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Id.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( Applying) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -13.1 Td
1.32 Tw
(Townley) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
('s ) Tj
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(º test, we weighed the secular) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.77 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
2.66 Tw
(encing their \(1\) ownership and affiliation, \(2\) purpose, \(3\)) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.3 Tw
(faculty, \(4\) student body, \(5\) student activities, and \(6\) curric) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(ulum. ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Id.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( at 461-63.) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -26 Td
.67 Tw
([3]) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
() Tj
3 Tw
( ) Tj
.67 Tw
(Ours has not been the only circuit to consider scope of) Tj
-12 -13.1 Td
1.16 Tw
(the section 2000e-1 exemption. In ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(LeBoon) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, the Third Circuit) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.58 Tw
(concluded that a Jewish community center was a religious) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.71 Tw
(organization within the meaning of section 2000e-1. In doing) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.96 Tw
(so, it agreed with ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Townley ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
0 Tw
(weighing of ) Tj
(ª) Tj
( ) Tj
(`[a]ll significant religious and secular character-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
3.66 Tw
(istics.') Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
3.66 Tw
(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(LeBoon) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 503 F.3d at 226 \(alteration in original\)) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.77 Tw
(\(quoting ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Townley) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 859 F.2d at 618\). The court then consid-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.33 Tw
(ered nine factors other ) Tj
(ªcourts have looked at) Tj
(º in determining) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(whether an entity qualified for section 2000e-1:) Tj
22 -26 Td
4.28 Tw
(\(1\) whether the entity operates for a profit, \(2\)) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.1 Tw
(whether it produces a secular product, \(3\) whether) Tj
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/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
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/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
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.79 Tw
(ISION) Tj
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0 -13.1 Td
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0 -13.1 Td
2.44 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
1.05 Tw
(educational institution, and \(9\) whether its member-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
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(ship is made up by coreligionists.) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
-22 -26 Td
.14 Tw
(Id. ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(\(citing ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Kamehameha) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 990 F.2d 458 and ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 859 F.2d) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.7 Tw
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(ªnot all) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.24 Tw
(factors will be relevant in all cases, and the weight given each) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.53 Tw
(factor may vary from case to case.) Tj
(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Id.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( at 227. The court also) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
4.25 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
.63 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
.9 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(faith, or do not hire only coreligionists. ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Id.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( at 229-30.) Tj
147 -26 Td
(1) Tj
-135 -26 Td
.18 Tw
(The Employees' first contend that by applying the nine fac-) Tj
-12 -13.1 Td
.58 Tw
(tors set forth in ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(LeBoon) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, rather than the six factors laid out in) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -13.1 Td
1.14 Tw
(Kamehameha) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, the district court violated Ninth Circuit prece-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.81 Tw
(dent. The Employees argue that ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(LeBoon ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(ªexplicitly rejected) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
3.05 Tw
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0 Tw
( ) Tj
3.05 Tw
(2000e-1) Tj
(ºÐa) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1 Tw
(narrow interpretation the Employees assert limits the exemp-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.71 Tw
(tion to ) Tj
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(º or ) Tj
(ª[c]hurches,) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.5 Tw
(and entities similar to churches.) Tj
(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Townley) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(n.14) Tj
12 -26 Td
2 Tw
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-12 -13.1 Td
1.81 Tw
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(º as they) Tj
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0 -13 Td
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( See id.) Tj
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2.61 Tw
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0 -13 Td
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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1.11 Tw
(See id.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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(ªIn any) Tj
0 -13 Td
1.03 Tw
(event, the test the court adopted in ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Townley ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(does not depend) Tj
0 -13 Td
1.56 Tw
(on an analysis of the legislative history.) Tj
(º\).) Tj
4.9 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
(4) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( At the least, the) Tj
0 -13 Td
1.57 Tw
(comment seems more appropriately characterized as a ) Tj
(ªsug-) Tj
0 -13 Td
1.2 Tw
(gestionº rather than a strict rule. ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(LeBoon) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 503 F.3d at 230.) Tj
12 -25.9 Td
.96 Tw
(Second, the reading of section 2000e-1 propounded by the) Tj
-12 -13.1 Td
3.77 Tw
(Employees is belied by the text of the statute. Congress) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.67 Tw
(extended the exemption to any ) Tj
(ªreligious corporation, associ-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2 Tw
(ation, . . . or society.) Tj
(º 42 U.S.C. §) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
2 Tw
(2000e-1\(a\). If Congress) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.96 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
2.07 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
2.05 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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1.2 Tw
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4.9 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
.5 Tw
(5) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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4.1 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
1.01 Tw
(4) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(Similarly unavailing is any reliance on Townley) Tj
('s statement that ) Tj
(ªthe) Tj
-10 -11.1 Td
.61 Tw
(central function of section 702 has been to exempt churches,
synagogues,) Tj
0 -11.1 Td
.83 Tw
(and the like, and organizations closely affiliated with those entities.)
Tj
(º 859) Tj
0 -11.1 Td
1.08 Tw
(F.2d at 618. The statement was merely descriptive in nature: it
followed) Tj
0 -11.1 Td
.78 Tw
(a string citation and summarized the manner in which the exemption had)
Tj
0 -11.1 Td
1 Tw
(been applied. ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(See id.) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
( ) Tj
10 -13.9 Td
4.1 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
.22 Tw
(5) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(Our dissenting colleague would also embrace such a narrow interpreta-)
Tj
-10 -11.1 Td
.33 Tw
(tion. She contends that the terms ) Tj
(ªreligious association,) Tj
(º ) Tj
(ªreligious corpo-) Tj
0 -11.1 Td
.78 Tw
(ration,º and ) Tj
(ªreligious society) Tj
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(ªchurch.) Tj
(º Dissent at) Tj
0 -11.1 Td
1.07 Tw
(12579-84. This interpretation ) Tj
(ªis . . . at odds with one of the most basic) Tj
0 -11.1 Td
.65 Tw
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0 -11.1 Td
.76 Tw
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0 -11.1 Td
1.99 Tw
(ous, void or insignificant.') Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
1.99 Tw
(º ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(Corley v. United States) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(, 129 S. Ct. 1558,) Tj
0 -11.1 Td
1.39 Tw
(1566 \(2009\) \(second alteration in original\) \(quoting ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(Hibbs v. Winn) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(, 542) Tj
0 -11.1 Td
1 Tw
(U.S. 88, 101 \(2004\)\). ) Tj
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0 -13.5 Td
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.5 Td
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.5 Td
1.33 Tw
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0 -13.5 Td
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0 -13.5 Td
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Larson v. Valente) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.4 Td
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(\(1982\) \() Tj
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.55 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
.11 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
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.22 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(See ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.4 Td
.11 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
2.86 Tw
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.4 Td
1.52 Tw
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(º) Tj
0 -13.4 Td
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.4 Td
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0 -13.4 Td
2.06 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
.62 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
.92 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.4 Td
.05 Tw
(also ) Tj
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.4 Td
.2 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
5.55 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
2.71 Tw
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(º\). Thus,) Tj
0 -13.4 Td
4.47 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
.58 Tw
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( ) Tj
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(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Id. ) Tj
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(\(emphasis added\).) Tj
12 -26 Td
3.66 Tw
(In sum, when confronted with a section 2000e-1 case,) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
-12 -13.1 Td
1.48 Tw
(Townley ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(and ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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.5 Tw
(6) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
147 -26 Td
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(2) Tj
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-12 -13.1 Td
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1.41 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
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(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Townley) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
.94 Tw
(6) Tj
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/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -11.2 Td
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/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -11.2 Td
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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147.336 -26 Td
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4.66 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
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0 -13.1 Td
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0 -13.1 Td
1.67 Tw
(case to case.) Tj
(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(LeBoon) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Kamehameha ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Townley) Tj
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(. ) Tj
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2.81 Tw
(F.2d at 619, ) Tj
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Kamehameha ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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1.93 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Townley ) Tj
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -26 Td
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(LeBoon) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( factors is also unwarranted,) Tj
-12 -13.1 Td
2.66 Tw
(though for several additional reasons. As an initial matter,) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.93 Tw
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.25 Tw
(take just one example, ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(LeBoon) Tj
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0 -13.5 Td
2.4 Tw
(linger v. Samford Univ.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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(1997\) \() Tj
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(º\).) Tj
147 -26.7 Td
(b) Tj
-135 -26.7 Td
.03 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(LeBoon) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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-12 -13.5 Td
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(º or ) Tj
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.5 Td
2.1 Tw
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0 -13.5 Td
1.2 Tw
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12 -26.7 Td
.76 Tw
(In ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Amos) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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-12 -13.5 Td
2.91 Tw
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.83 Tw
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0 -13.5 Td
.87 Tw
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(ªbuilding engineer) Tj
(º at a church gymna-) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
3.74 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
.37 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
.2 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
3.32 Tw
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(ªsignificant burden) Tj
(º and) Tj
0 -13.4 Td
3.07 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
.83 Tw
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(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Id.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.4 Td
1.2 Tw
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22 -26.7 Td
.81 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
1.83 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
2.6 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
1.55 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
2.32 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
.16 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
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12 -26.5 Td
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(New York v. Cathedral Academy) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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-12 -13.4 Td
2.14 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
.57 Tw
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(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Id.) Tj
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0 -13.4 Td
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.66 Tw
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0 -13.3 Td
.47 Tw
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3.14 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Id.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.3 Td
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4.9 Ts
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.5 Tw
(7) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
1.2 Tw
( ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Id.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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12 -26.4 Td
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-12 -13.3 Td
.27 Tw
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2.91 Tw
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(º For example, World) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
10 -26.2 Td
4.1 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
1.01 Tw
(7) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(It is true that courts sometimes must decide whether a statute has the)
Tj
-10 -11.3 Td
.33 Tw
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/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(See, e.g.) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(,) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
( Zelman v. Simmons-) Tj
0 -11.3 Td
2.27 Tw
(Harris) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(, 536 U.S. 639, 648-49 \(2002\); ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(Stone v. Graham) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(, 449 U.S. 39,) Tj
0 -11.3 Td
.22 Tw
(40-41 \(1980\). This inquiry, however, only asks courts to interpret )
Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(statutes) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(,) Tj
0 -11.3 Td
.83 Tw
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0 -11.3 Td
.4 Tw
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beliefs) Tj
0 -11.3 Td
.86 Tw
(are sincerely held. ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(See Hernandez v. Comm'r) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(, 490 U.S. 680, 693 \(1989\).) Tj
0 -11.3 Td
.05 Tw
(This determination focuses on the credibility of the individual's
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0 -11.3 Td
.31 Tw
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0 -11.3 Td
3.12 Tw
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0 -11.3 Td
.55 Tw
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(ªdistinguish[) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
.55 Tw
(] between the reli-) Tj
0 -11.3 Td
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(º ) Tj
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
.27 Tw
(added\)\); ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(cf. ) Tj
(Mitchell v. Helms) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
.94 Tw
(rality opinion\) \() Tj
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.57 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
1.52 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
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(º\).) Tj
12 -26 Td
.25 Tw
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-12 -13.1 Td
.92 Tw
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1.53 Tw
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1.16 Tw
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(See ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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1.75 Tw
(352, §) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
1.75 Tw
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1.18 Tw
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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(\(emphasis added\)\). Congress amended the statute, however, to) Tj
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(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(See) Tj
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.47 Tw
(Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972, Pub. L. No. 92-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(261, §) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
1.2 Tw
(3, 86 Stat. 103, 104.) Tj
12 -26 Td
.57 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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-12 -13.1 Td
3.67 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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1.15 Tw
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -13 Td
.73 Tw
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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1.6 Tw
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5.04 Tw
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1.47 Tw
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12 -25.9 Td
.85 Tw
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4.9 Ts
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(9) Tj
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3.78 Tw
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10 -25.8 Td
4.1 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
.55 Tw
(8) Tj
0 Ts
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(º or ) Tj
(ªworship) Tj
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0 -11.1 Td
1.42 Tw
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0 -11.1 Td
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(Widmar) Tj
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0 -11.1 Td
.83 Tw
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0 -11.1 Td
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(º\). ) Tj
10 -13.9 Td
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/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
.4 Tw
(9) Tj
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0 -8.4 Td
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0 Tc
(Vision the protection of section 2000e-1\(a\) also could raise) Tj
0 -13 Td
1.18 Tw
(serious constitutional questions by discriminating in favor of) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
4.4 Tw
(houses of worship and against independent, `parachurch') Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.53 Tw
(groups like World Vision, which are organized for religious) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.81 Tw
(purposes and have religious tenets, but are not affiliated with) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.66 Tw
(any particular congregation or sect.) Tj
(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(See also ) Tj
(Larson) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 456) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.89 Tw
(U.S. at 244;) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
( Colo. Christian) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 534 F.3d at 1259 \(refusing to) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1 Tw
(discriminate between ) Tj
(ªtypes) Tj
(º of religious institutions\);) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
( Great) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(Falls) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 278 F.3d at 1346 \(same\).) Tj
147 -26 Td
(d) Tj
-135 -26 Td
1.45 Tw
(The Supreme Court's decision in ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Larson) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( is instructive. In) Tj
-12 -13.1 Td
4.08 Tw
(that case, the Court struck down ) Tj
(ªa Minnesota[) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
4.08 Tw
(] statute) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.33 Tw
(imposing certain registration and reporting requirements upon) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.16 Tw
(only those religious organizations that solicit more than fifty) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.81 Tw
(percent of their funds from nonmembers.) Tj
(º 456 U.S. at 230.) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.47 Tw
(The Court observed that such law made ) Tj
(ªexplicit and deliber-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.55 Tw
(ate distinctions between different religious organizations.) Tj
(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Id.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(at 246 n.23. It) Tj
22 -26 Td
1.9 Tw
(effectively distinguishe[d] between well-established) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
3.85 Tw
(churches that have achieved strong but not total) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.95 Tw
(financial support from their members, on the one) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.26 Tw
(hand, and churches which are new and lacking in a) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.03 Tw
(constituency, or which, as a matter of policy, may) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
3.78 Tw
(favor public solicitation over general reliance on) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(financial support from members, on the other hand.) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
-22 -26 Td
.62 Tw
(Id. ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(\(internal quotation marks omitted\). Such preferences were) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.26 Tw
(unconstitutional unless justified by compelling governmental) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(interests. ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Id.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( at 246-47.) Tj
12 -26 Td
1.28 Tw
(Thus, weighing the religious or irreligious nature of fund-) Tj
-12 -13.1 Td
4.66 Tw
(ing sources could pose similarly troublesome difficulties) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.94 Tw
(involving ) Tj
(ªdistinctions between different religious organiza-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.86 Tw
(tions.º As was the case in ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Larson) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, looking to whether an) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.41 Tw
(entity is ) Tj
(ªfinancially supported) Tj
(º by a formally religious entity) Tj
1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
156 -136.5 Td
1.1 Tw
0 Tc
(12542) Tj
91.9132 0 Td
(S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(PENCER) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( v. W) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(ORLD) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( V) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(ISION) Tj
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0 -13.6 Td
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0 -13.6 Td
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4.9 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
.5 Tw
(10) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -27 Td
3.32 Tw
(In spite of these attendant constitutional concerns, both) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
-12 -13.6 Td
4.55 Tw
(Townley ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(and ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Kamehameha) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( relied on characterizations of) Tj
0 -13.6 Td
2.17 Tw
(whether certain attributes of a organization were secular or) Tj
0 -13.6 Td
2.53 Tw
(religious in nature. ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(See Kamehameha) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 990 F.2d at 461-63;) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -13.6 Td
1.14 Tw
(Townley) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 859 F.2d at 619. Those characterizations, however,) Tj
0 -13.6 Td
.63 Tw
(were not our own. In ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Townley) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, the secular nature of the com-) Tj
0 -13.6 Td
.71 Tw
(pany's product was ) Tj
(ªadmitted[) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
.71 Tw
(].) Tj
(º 859 F.2d at 619. Likewise,) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -13.6 Td
0 Tw
(Kamehameha ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(contains no indication that the religious or secu-) Tj
0 -13.6 Td
-.23 Tw
(lar nature of any particular activity or purpose was in dispute.) Tj
4.9 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
(11) Tj
0 Ts
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -13.6 Td
.7 Tw
(See) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( 990 F.2d at 461-64. Obviously, if there is no controversy) Tj
0 -13.6 Td
2.67 Tw
(regarding a religious or secular classification, the constitu-) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
4.52 Tw
(tional concerns detailed above are not implicated. Thus,) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
.87 Tw
(where there is no dispute that a particular activity or purpose) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
1.37 Tw
(is religious in nature, we may rely on the parties' character-) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
.94 Tw
(ization. In a case such as this, where the matter is hotly con-) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
5 Tw
(tested, however, we should stay our hand and rely on) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
.03 Tw
(considerations that do not require us to engage in constitution-) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
.96 Tw
(ally precarious inquires. ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(See LeBoon) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 503 F.3d at 230 \(citing) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
10 -26.7 Td
4.1 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
.77 Tw
(10) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(Making a finding of religiosity contingent on receipt of support from)
Tj
-10 -11.5 Td
.61 Tw
(coreligionists could also raise constitutional issues in that it might
burden) Tj
0 -11.5 Td
.78 Tw
(a religious institution's ability to raise revenue. For example, an
entity in) Tj
0 -11.5 Td
.93 Tw
(need of funds might be hesitant to solicit donations from secular
sources) Tj
0 -11.5 Td
1 Tw
(if such solicitation would deny it section 2000e-1 eligibility. ) Tj
10 -14.3 Td
4.1 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
.5 Tw
(11) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(We did remark that the ) Tj
(ª[s]chools' purpose and character is primarily) Tj
-10 -11.5 Td
2.83 Tw
(secular, not primarily religious.) Tj
(º ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(Kamehameha) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(, 990 F.2d at 464. We) Tj
0 -11.5 Td
1.26 Tw
(reached this conclusion by assessing whether the quantum of ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(admittedly) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
0 -11.5 Td
2.33 Tw
(religious activity at the schools was sufficient to demonstrate that
the) Tj
0 -11.5 Td
1.58 Tw
(schools' purpose was primarily secular. We did not assess whether any)
Tj
0 -11.5 Td
1 Tw
(particular activity was religious in nature. ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(See ) Tj
(id.) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
( at 461-63. ) Tj
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1.1 Tw
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/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
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(entanglement concerns as a reason for declining to decide) Tj
0 -13.4 Td
1.2 Tw
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147.336 -26.5 Td
(e) Tj
-135.336 -26.5 Td
1.57 Tw
(As for the affiliation factor, to the extent we are required) Tj
-12 -13.4 Td
1.09 Tw
(to consider it, we are disinclined to afford it much weight in) Tj
0 -13.4 Td
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0 -13.4 Td
.03 Tw
(gious institutions.) Tj
4.9 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
(12) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( The fact that prior organizations found eli-) Tj
0 -13.4 Td
1.33 Tw
(gible for section 2000e-1 relief have generally been ) Tj
(ªwholly) Tj
0 -13.4 Td
1.7 Tw
(or partially owned by a church,) Tj
(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Kamehameha) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 990 F.2d at) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
.93 Tw
(461 n.7, does not mean that we should deny relief to equally) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
1.2 Tw
(religious organizations that are not similarly affiliated.) Tj
144.006 -26.4 Td
(III) Tj
1.662 -26.4 Td
(A) Tj
-133.668 -26.4 Td
.41 Tw
(Although Judge Kleinfeld and I agree on the forgoing prin-) Tj
-12 -13.3 Td
2.25 Tw
(ciples and on the result in this case, we disagree as to the) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
1.16 Tw
(proper test for distinguishing religious entities entitled to the) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
1 Tw
(section 2000e-1 exemption from those entities not entitled to) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
1.2 Tw
(the exemption.) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -26.4 Td
.78 Tw
([4]) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
() Tj
3 Tw
( ) Tj
.78 Tw
(In my view, where the religious or nonreligious nature) Tj
-12 -13.3 Td
.48 Tw
(of a particular activity or purpose is in dispute, we should not) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
1.21 Tw
(rely exclusively on ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(LeBoon) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
('s hodgepodge of constitutionally) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
1.95 Tw
(questionable inquiries. Rather, I believe the better approach) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
1.83 Tw
(can be summarized as follows: a nonprofit entity) Tj
4.9 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
(13) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( qualifies) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
.5 Tw
(for the section 2000e-1 exemption if it establishes that it 1\) is) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
.34 Tw
(organized for a self-identified religious purpose \(as evidenced) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
10 -26.1 Td
4.1 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
0 Tw
(12) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(Again, neither ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(Townley) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(, ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(Kamehameha) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(, nor ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(LeBoon) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
( give any advice on) Tj
-10 -11.2 Td
1.02 Tw
(how we are to weigh the various factors, except to say that their
signifi-) Tj
0 -11.2 Td
1 Tw
(cance could vary from case to case. ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(See LeBoon) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(, 503 F.3d at 227. ) Tj
10 -14.1 Td
4.1 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
2.97 Tw
(13) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(In ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(Amos) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(, the Supreme Court expressly left open the question of) Tj
-10 -11.2 Td
1.31 Tw
(whether a for-profit entity could ever qualify for a Title VII
exemption.) Tj
0 -11.2 Td
1 Tw
(483 U.S. at 349 \(O'Connor, J., concurring\). ) Tj
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.79 Tw
(PENCER) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( v. W) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(ORLD) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( V) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(ISION) Tj
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0 -8.4 Td
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(by Articles of Incorporation or similar foundational docu-) Tj
0 -13 Td
1.4 Tw
(ments\), 2\) is engaged in activity consistent with, and in fur-) Tj
0 -13 Td
1.52 Tw
(therance of, those religious purposes, and 3\) holds itself out) Tj
0 -13 Td
.9 Tw
(to the public as religious. ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(See Great Falls) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 278 F.3d at 1343;) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -13 Td
4.12 Tw
(Universidad Cent. de Bayamon v. NLRB) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 793 F.2d 383,) Tj
0 -13 Td
1.2 Tw
(399-400, 403 \(1st Cir. 1985\) \(en banc\) \(Breyer, J.\)) Tj
(.) Tj
12 -26 Td
6.32 Tw
(This analysis minimizes any untoward differentiation) Tj
-12 -13 Td
4.33 Tw
(among religious organizations and any unseemly judicial) Tj
0 -13 Td
3.36 Tw
(inquiry into whether an activity is religious or secular in) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.63 Tw
(nature. First and foremost, it centers on neutral factors \(i.e.,) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.32 Tw
(whether an entity is a nonprofit and whether it holds itself out) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.16 Tw
(as religious\). Rather than forcing courts to ) Tj
(ªtroll[) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
2.16 Tw
(] through) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.85 Tw
(the beliefs of [an organization], making determinations about) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.39 Tw
(its religious mission,) Tj
(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Great Falls) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 278 F.3d at 1342, it per-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.53 Tw
(mits an institution to acknowledge its own religiosity. The) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
4.88 Tw
(furtherance prong likewise avoids any untoward judicial) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.53 Tw
(inquiry; all we must do is evaluate the purpose provided by) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(the organization against the organization's practice.) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -26 Td
1.71 Tw
([5]) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
() Tj
3 Tw
( ) Tj
1.71 Tw
(The initial consideration, whether the entity is a non-) Tj
-12 -13.1 Td
2.81 Tw
(profit, is especially significant. Because ) Tj
(ªpersons having a) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.22 Tw
(personal and private interest in the activities of [a nonprofit]) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.58 Tw
(organization) Tj
(º may not receive any portion of its net earnings,) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
3.28 Tw
(26 C.F.R. §) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
3.28 Tw
(1.501\(a\)-1\(c\); ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(see id.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( §) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
3.28 Tw
(1.501\(c\)\(3\)-1\(c\)\(2\), an) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.03 Tw
(organization's status as a nonprofit bolsters a claim that its) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.81 Tw
(purpose is nonpecuniary. It is true that a ) Tj
(ªnonprofit) Tj
(º may) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.66 Tw
(make a ) Tj
(ªprofit) Tj
(ºÐ at least in the sense that it may have net) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.33 Tw
(earnings because its revenues exceed its costs. But, a non-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.22 Tw
(profit entity is distinguished from a for-profit entity by what) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.83 Tw
(it does with its net earnings. A nonprofit entity must spend) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.81 Tw
(any net earnings to advance its tax-exempt purpose, and may) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2 Tw
(not distribute its net earnings to its principals as dividends,) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
7.24 Tw
(bonuses, or excessively high salaries.) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
( See) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( 26 U.S.C.) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.21 Tw
(§) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
2.21 Tw
(501\(c\)\(3\) \(stating that an organization qualifies as a non-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.73 Tw
(profit if ) Tj
(ªno part of the net earnings of [the organization]) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.74 Tw
(inures to the benefit of any private shareholder or individu-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.58 Tw
(alº\); ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(see also) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( 26 C.F.R. §) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
1.58 Tw
(1.501\(c\)\(3\)-1\(b\)\(4\). This is not to) Tj
1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
428.5 -136.5 Td
1.1 Tw
0 Tc
(12545) Tj
-180.5868 0 Td
(S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(PENCER) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( v. W) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(ORLD) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( V) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(ISION) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
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([6]) Tj
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(,) Tj
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.92 Tw
([7]) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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3 Tw
( ) Tj
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0 Tw
( ) Tj
.42 Tw
(].) Tj
(º ) Tj
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(º ) Tj
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( ) Tj
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(entity. ) Tj
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([9]) Tj
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( ) Tj
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(º ) Tj
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([11]) Tj
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( ) Tj
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( state) Tj
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(amended in 1980, the Articles read:) Tj
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/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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(15) Tj
0 Ts
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(For the reasons detailed above, I do not consider the Employees' argu-)
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(in nature. ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(See supra ) Tj
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(Part II.A.2.b. ) Tj
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(Spirit. ) Tj
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0 -13.3 Td
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0 -13.3 Td
1.2 Tw
(sonal return.) Tj
-22 -26.4 Td
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(ªCore) Tj
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(Values,) Tj
(º) Tj
4.9 Ts
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(16) Tj
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1.2 Tw
( mission statement,) Tj
4.9 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
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(17) Tj
0 Ts
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1.2 Tw
( and ) Tj
(ªCore Characteristics.) Tj
(º) Tj
4.9 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
.5 Tw
(18) Tj
0 Ts
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10 -26.1 Td
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(16) Tj
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(Some relevant selections include the following: ) Tj
8 -16.2 Td
(We are Christian[:] ) Tj
0 -16.2 Td
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0 -11.3 Td
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0 -11.3 Td
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(we find our call to ministry. ) Tj
0 -16.2 Td
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(ªJesus lived, died and rose again. Jesus is) Tj
0 -11.2 Td
.91 Tw
(Lord.) Tj
(º We desire him to be central in our individual and corpo-) Tj
0 -11.2 Td
1 Tw
(rate lives. ) Tj
0 -16.2 Td
1.2 Tw
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0 -11.2 Td
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0 -11.2 Td
1.3 Tw
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0 -11.2 Td
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(women equally with men; in his challenge to unjust attitudes and) Tj
0 -11.2 Td
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/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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(1991\). ) Tj
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(1992\). ) Tj
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12 -26.4 Td
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(public office.) Tj
(º\). ) Tj
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(ited July 27, 2010\). ) Tj
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1.11 Tw
(17) Tj
0 Ts
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1.09 Tw
(HE) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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1.11 Tw
( J) Tj
/F2 7 Tf 101.4 Tz
1.09 Tw
(EWS IN) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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1.11 Tw
( A) Tj
/F2 7 Tf 101.4 Tz
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(MERICA) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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1.11 Tw
( 234 \(2d ed. 1997\); Laura E.) Tj
-10 -10.7 Td
.91 Tw
(Weber, ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(ªGentiles Preferred) Tj
(º: Minneapolis Jews and Employment, 1920-) Tj
0 -10.7 Td
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(1950) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -10.7 Td
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/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(, Forward, June 27, 2008,) Tj
0 -10.7 Td
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(available at ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(; Dr. Barron H. Ler-) Tj
0 -10.7 Td
.45 Tw
(ner, ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(, N.Y. Times, May 26,) Tj
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12 -26 Td
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(19) Tj
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(18) Tj
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( Yutaka Yamada, ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
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-10 -11.3 Td
1.07 Tw
(Experience of a Japanese Warbride in North Carolina) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(, ) Tj
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(in) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
( D) Tj
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(IVERSITIES OF) Tj
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(OUTHERN) Tj
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(19) Tj
0 Ts
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(their children.) Tj
4.9 Ts
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(20) Tj
0 Ts
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( Religious schools are how they do it, but they) Tj
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(º) Tj
4.9 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
.5 Tw
(21) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -27.2 Td
.61 Tw
(Accordingly, I would reformulate Judge O'Scannlain's test) Tj
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.87 Tw
(as this: To determine whether an entity is a ) Tj
(ªreligious corpo-) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
0 -26.9 Td
2.1 Tw
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Tj
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(º ) Tj
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(Kamehameha Sch.) Tj
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(, 990 F.2d at 460.) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
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(III.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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(The first principle established by ) Tj
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(Townley) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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12 -26 Td
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(The majority acknowledges that ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Kamehameha ) Tj
(Schools ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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(ªcontain[) Tj
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( ) Tj
.22 Tw
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(º Maj. Op. at 12543. This) Tj
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(Schools) Tj
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(Schools) Tj
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(º Brief of Defendant-Appellee) Tj
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(at 25, ) Tj
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(Sch.) Tj
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(Id.) Tj
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(462. ) Tj
12 -26 Td
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2.24 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
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0 -13.1 Td
1.33 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
1.14 Tw
(gious instruction program was a graduation requirement. ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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(Brief of Defendant-Appellee at 26, 29. We found that despite) Tj
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0 -13.1 Td
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Kamehameha ) Tj
(Sch.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 990 F.2d at 463.) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
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(Characterizing the curriculum as containing ) Tj
(ªminimal, largely) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
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(º and noting that ) Tj
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12 -26.4 Td
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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(invoking the exemption.) Tj
4.9 Ts
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(3) Tj
0 Ts
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( The variable nature of the inquiry,) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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1.02 Tw
(2) Tj
0 Ts
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(The majority characterizes this inquiry as assessing the ) Tj
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-10 -11.2 Td
1.64 Tw
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(º Maj. Op. 12543 n.11. The) Tj
0 -11.2 Td
.4 Tw
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2.01 Tw
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/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
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(3) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
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-10 -11.2 Td
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/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -11.2 Td
1.94 Tw
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/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -11.2 Td
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(explain ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(infra ) Tj
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(,) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
( e.g.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(,) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
( United States v. Hernandez-Castro) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 473) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
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(F.3d 1004, 1008 \(9th Cir. 2007\).) Tj
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(IV.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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2.71 Tw
(The second principle firmly established by ) Tj
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0 -13.4 Td
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0 -13.4 Td
.28 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Townley) Tj
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4.9 Ts
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(4) Tj
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.08 Tw
(4) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(Townley) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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-10 -11.4 Td
1.22 Tw
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3.33 Tw
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1.44 Tw
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.78 Tw
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(Townley) Tj
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0 -11.4 Td
1.83 Tw
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0 -11.4 Td
.78 Tw
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0 -11.4 Td
1.19 Tw
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0 -13.9 Td
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0 -13.9 Td
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-22 -27.4 Td
.92 Tw
(42 U.S.C. §) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
.92 Tw
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0 -13.9 Td
.47 Tw
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0 -13.8 Td
1.1 Tw
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0 -13.8 Td
3.25 Tw
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0 -13.8 Td
1.93 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -13.8 Td
.3 Tw
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
( e.g.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.8 Td
2.4 Tw
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0 -13.8 Td
2.37 Tw
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0 -13.8 Td
1.83 Tw
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0 -13.8 Td
.88 Tw
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0 -13.8 Td
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.8 Td
2.82 Tw
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.8 Td
1.78 Tw
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0 -13.8 Td
2.11 Tw
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0 -13.8 Td
3.33 Tw
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13 Td
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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.55 Tw
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/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
1.84 Tw
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.98 Tw
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0 -11.1 Td
.58 Tw
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Christians) Tj
0 -11.1 Td
.78 Tw
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/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
( M) Tj
/F2 7 Tf 101.4 Tz
.76 Tw
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/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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.78 Tw
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/F2 7 Tf 101.4 Tz
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/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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.78 Tw
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/F2 7 Tf 101.4 Tz
.76 Tw
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/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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.78 Tw
( D) Tj
/F2 7 Tf 101.4 Tz
.76 Tw
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/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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.78 Tw
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0 -11.1 Td
2.18 Tw
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0 -11.1 Td
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0 -11.1 Td
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0 -11.1 Td
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0 -11.1 Td
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0 -11.1 Td
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/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -11.1 Td
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0 -11.1 Td
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0 -11.1 Td
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0 -11.1 Td
1 Tw
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/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(See ) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13 Td
2.82 Tw
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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.91 Tw
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.36 Tw
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
.06 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
2.7 Tw
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
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2.93 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(meaning.º \(quotation omitted\)\).) Tj
4.9 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
.5 Tw
(6) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -26 Td
.41 Tw
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(º and ) Tj
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-12 -13.1 Td
.37 Tw
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1.48 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
2 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
.23 Tw
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2.08 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
.46 Tw
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1.93 Tw
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1.93 Tw
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/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
(7) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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4.1 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
1.72 Tw
(6) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(Because World Vision does not claim to be an ) Tj
(ªeducational institu-) Tj
-10 -11.2 Td
.65 Tw
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0 -11.2 Td
.2 Tw
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0 -11.2 Td
.72 Tw
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0 -11.2 Td
3.14 Tw
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/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
0 -11.2 Td
1 Tw
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/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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10 -13.9 Td
4.1 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
1.75 Tw
(7) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(The very existence of treatises on the law of religious corporations,)
Tj
-10 -11.2 Td
1.83 Tw
(published long before Title VII's enactment, demonstrates the pedigree)
Tj
0 -11.2 Td
1 Tw
(and settled meaning of the term. ) Tj
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0 -13 Td
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12 -26 Td
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1.28 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
1.14 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
.47 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
.44 Tw
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
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0 -13.1 Td
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(assure ) Tj
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0 -13.1 Td
1.04 Tw
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(º Liam S) Tj
(‚amus) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.47 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Neither Contract nor Concession: The Public Per-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.69 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.6 Td
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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1.2 Tw
(affiliated university\). ) Tj
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10 -26.7 Td
4.1 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
1.45 Tw
(9) Tj
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(This subsection also contains a clause permitting educational institu-)
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-12 -13.5 Td
.52 Tw
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0 -13.5 Td
.47 Tw
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0 -13.5 Td
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0 Tw
( ) Tj
1.08 Tw
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2.42 Tw
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0 -13.5 Td
3.28 Tw
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.41 Tw
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0 -13.5 Td
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0 -13.5 Td
.54 Tw
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0 -13.5 Td
1 Tw
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0 Tw
( ) Tj
1 Tw
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0 -13.5 Td
1.06 Tw
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(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.5 Td
3.84 Tw
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 483 U.S. 327, 342) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
2.42 Tw
(\(1987\) \(Brennan, J., concurring\). The language and overall) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
2.75 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
1.46 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
3.07 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
5.22 Tw
(daily activities, stand in need of this organization-wide) Tj
0 -13.4 Td
1.2 Tw
(exemption.) Tj
12 -26.7 Td
.81 Tw
(Identifying the interaction of these exemptions responds to) Tj
-12 -13.4 Td
1 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
1.4 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
2.16 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
3.76 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
2.18 Tw
(§) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
2.18 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
2.71 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
.46 Tw
(confines of §) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
.46 Tw
(2000e-1\(a\) might still argue that religious affili-) Tj
0 -13.4 Td
.87 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -26.6 Td
1.66 Tw
(Townley) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
('s statement, reaffirmed in ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Kamehameha Schools) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(,) Tj
-12 -13.4 Td
1.14 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
3.65 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
.57 Tw
(meaning of the terms in the provision and the structure of the) Tj
0 -13.4 Td
.13 Tw
(statute as a whole. To stretch the exemption, as my colleagues) Tj
0 -13.4 Td
.21 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
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/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
145.5 -26 Td
(1.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
-133.5 -26.1 Td
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-12 -13.1 Td
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0 -13.1 Td
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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(controlling in this case. All the parties in ) Tj
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(Amos) Tj
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0 -13.1 Td
.62 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
5.51 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
1.54 Tw
(exemption. ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Amos) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
.42 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
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4.9 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
.5 Tw
(10) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
1.2 Tw
( ) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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4.1 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
1.98 Tw
(10) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(Indeed, Justice Brennan's repeated reference to ) Tj
(ªchurches) Tj
(º demon-) Tj
-10 -11.2 Td
.5 Tw
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0 -11.2 Td
1.75 Tw
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0 -11.2 Td
.18 Tw
(churches and their subsidiaries. ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(,) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
( Amos) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -11.2 Td
1.21 Tw
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(ªWhile a ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(church) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -11.2 Td
2.28 Tw
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(º\) \(emphasis) Tj
0 -11.2 Td
.76 Tw
(added\); ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(see also id.) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
( at 342-45 \(seven other references to ) Tj
(ªchurch) Tj
(º in Jus-) Tj
0 -11.2 Td
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(tice Brennan's concurring opinion\). ) Tj
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
.44 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
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0 -13.1 Td
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0 -13.1 Td
.81 Tw
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(nal action. ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Id.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
2.22 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
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0 -13.1 Td
.24 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
2.21 Tw
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2.21 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -13.1 Td
1.47 Tw
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(pretation we face.) Tj
12 -26 Td
.62 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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-12 -13.1 Td
.73 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
1.66 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
.11 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -12.7 Td
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0 -12.7 Td
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0 -12.7 Td
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0 -12.7 Td
.84 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -12.7 Td
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -12.7 Td
2.08 Tw
(1295, 1301 \(9th Cir. 1991\) \() Tj
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0 -12.7 Td
1.95 Tw
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0 -12.7 Td
1.96 Tw
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(º \(citation omitted\)\). And, in con-) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
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( ) Tj
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0 -12.7 Td
8.06 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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( ) Tj
.26 Tw
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(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -12.7 Td
3.08 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -12.7 Td
1.28 Tw
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0 -12.8 Td
1.16 Tw
(42 U.S.C. §) Tj
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( ) Tj
1.16 Tw
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0 -12.8 Td
.66 Tw
(As I have explained, the text of that exemption reveals that it)
0 -12.8 Td
1.33 Tw
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0 -12.8 Td
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0 -12.8 Td
1.1 Tw
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(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Townley) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -12.8 Td
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0 -12.8 Td
.44 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -12.8 Td
2.41 Tw
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Tj
Tj
Tj
Tj
0 -12.8 Td
1.2 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
( ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -25.3 Td
2.57 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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-12 -12.8 Td
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(. ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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(Larson ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.2 Td
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0 -13.2 Td
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12 -26.2 Td
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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-12 -13.2 Td
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(on ) Tj
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(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Lynch) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
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(v. Donnelly) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.2 Td
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0 -13.2 Td
1.43 Tw
(at 461; ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(see also Townley) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.2 Td
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0 -13.2 Td
.03 Tw
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0 -13.2 Td
1.22 Tw
(owned or financially supported by a single church and those) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.82 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -13.2 Td
.85 Tw
(Larson) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(\), or between any other religions or types of religions.) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
.96 Tw
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0 -13.2 Td
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0 -13.2 Td
2.32 Tw
(gious than an entity that has none at all.) Tj
4.9 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
(11) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(See Killinger v.) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
.44 Tw
(Samford Univ.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 113 F.3d 196, 199 \(11th Cir. 1997\) \(consider-) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
3.53 Tw
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0 -13.2 Td
.25 Tw
(under §) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
.25 Tw
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0 -13.2 Td
.33 Tw
(cially to the Alabama Baptist State Board of Missions and the) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1 Tw
(Alabama Baptist State Convention\). And, despite the majori-) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
10 -26 Td
4.1 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
.12 Tw
(11) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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-10 -11.2 Td
.5 Tw
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(ªpartners.) Tj
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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-12 -13.2 Td
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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4.9 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
(12) Tj
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.2 Td
2.41 Tw
(mon) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.2 Td
.57 Tw
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0 -13.2 Td
.07 Tw
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0 -13.2 Td
3.33 Tw
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0 -13.2 Td
2.45 Tw
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0 -13.2 Td
.33 Tw
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6.32 Tw
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/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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4.1 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
1.61 Tw
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/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
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12 -26 Td
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(2.) Tj
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
( Zelman v. Simmons-Harris) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
3.53 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
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(º\); ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
3.16 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
1.94 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
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0 -13.1 Td
3.38 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
.38 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
.58 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
2.96 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
2.36 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
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0 -13.1 Td
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13 Td
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13 Td
2.03 Tw
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
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0 -13.1 Td
.92 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
1.18 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
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(º\). ) Tj
12 -26 Td
.38 Tw
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-12 -13.1 Td
6.88 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
.96 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(See) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(,) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
( e.g.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(May v. Baldwin) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
2.32 Tw
(557, 562-63 \(9th Cir. 1997\) \(discussing the significance of) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.81 Tw
(dreadlocks within the Rastafarian religion\); ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Ford v. McGin-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
3.36 Tw
(nis) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
.66 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
2.78 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
1.88 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
.75 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
.26 Tw
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(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
1.5 Tw
(lic Diocese of Peoria) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 442 F.3d 1036, 1039 \(7th Cir. 2006\).) Tj
12 -26 Td
1.38 Tw
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-12 -13.1 Td
.03 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
.75 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
.63 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
2.63 Tw
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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0 -13.1 Td
.93 Tw
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0 Tw
( ) Tj
.93 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
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0 -13.1 Td
.91 Tw
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0 -13.1 Td
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
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1.1 Tw
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/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
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(deed and example.) Tj
(º ) Tj
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(Id) Tj
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(. at 1389 \(quotations omitted\). We held) Tj
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(entanglement. ) Tj
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(Id.) Tj
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/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
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(v. NLRB) Tj
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(º ) Tj
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(a ) Tj
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(tains. ) Tj
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2.24 Tw
(gious liberty of prospective and current employees.) Tj
(º ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Amos) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(,) Tj
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(483 U.S. at 340 \(Brennan, J., concurring\). Section 2000e-1\(a\)) Tj
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3.91 Tw
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0 -13.4 Td
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0 -13.4 Td
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( v. W) Tj
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(ISION) Tj
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-12 -13.2 Td
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12 -26.2 Td
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0 -13.2 Td
1.2 Tw
(dissent.) Tj
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trailer
<<
/Size 267
/Root 2 0 R
/Info 266 0 R
>>
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%%EOF
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