Internal assessment resource Geography 1.7A v3 for Achievement Standard 91013 PAGE FOR TEACHER USE NZQA Approved Internal Assessment Resource Geography Level 1 This resource supports assessment against: Achievement Standard 91013 version 2 Describe aspects of a geographic topic at a global scale Resource title: Pushchair or Zimmer Frame? 3 credits This resource: Clarifies the requirements of the standard Supports good assessment practice Should be subjected to the school’s usual assessment quality assurance process Should be modified to make the context relevant to students in their school environment and ensure that submitted evidence is authentic Date version published by Ministry of Education February 2015 Version 3 Quality assurance status These materials have been quality assured by NZQA. To support internal assessment from 2015 NZQA Approved number A-A-02-2015-91013-02-4433 Authenticity of evidence Teachers must manage authenticity for any assessment from a public source, because students may have access to the assessment schedule or student exemplar material. Using this assessment resource without modification may mean that students’ work is not authentic. The teacher may need to change figures, measurements or data sources or set a different context or topic to be investigated or a different text to read or perform. This resource is copyright © Crown 2015 Page 1 of 8 Internal assessment resource Geography 1.7A v3 for Achievement Standard 91013 PAGE FOR TEACHER USE Internal Assessment Resource Achievement Standard Geography 91013: Describe aspects of a geographic topic at a global scale Resource reference: Geography 1.7A v3 Resource title: Pushchair or Zimmer Frame? Credits: 3 Teacher guidelines The following guidelines are supplied to enable teachers to carry out valid and consistent assessment using this internal assessment resource. Teachers need to be very familiar with the outcome being assessed by Achievement Standard Geography 91013. The achievement criteria and the explanatory notes contain information, definitions, and requirements that are crucial when interpreting the standard and assessing students against it. Context/setting This assessment activity requires students to describe the global pattern of youthful or ageing populations, the causes of the pattern, and how youthful or ageing populations are of significance to people’s lives in different parts of the world. Students will prepare this information as a computer-based slide show with supporting notes. The students are not required to present their slide shows to the class. Provide students with initial guidance on how to set up their slide shows. Conditions This assessment activity takes place over at least four hours of in-class time. Provide sufficient time for all students to complete the activity. Students may spend additional time outside of class to complete this assessment activity. Resource requirements Provide students with access to computers, atlases, blank world maps, world maps showing the global median age, population pyramids, and/or other resources (for example, newspaper and online articles) that illustrate the global patterns of youthful and ageing populations. Teacher-provided resources should be of sufficient quality to enable candidates to achieve at Excellence level. Students should be encouraged to provide additional resources. World maps showing the global median age from the CIA’s The World Fact book: http://www.globalhealthfacts.org/data/topic/map.aspx?ind=81 World maps showing life expectancy and the youthful population: http://maps.howstuffworks.com/ Population pyramids from the US Census Bureau International Data Base: http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/region.php This resource is copyright © Crown 2015 Page 2 of 8 Internal assessment resource Geography 1.7A v3 for Achievement Standard 91013 PAGE FOR TEACHER USE Additional information Before beginning this assessment activity: consider Internet safety and privacy issues ensure that students understand the nature of spatial patterns in a global context and the factors/processes that may be responsible for these patterns. These factors/processes may be physical, social, historical, political, or economic. This resource is copyright © Crown 2015 Page 3 of 8 Internal assessment resource Geography 1.7A v3 for Achievement Standard 91013 PAGE FOR STUDENT USE Internal Assessment Resource Achievement Standard Geography 91013: Describe aspects of a geographic topic at a global scale Resource reference: Geography 1.7A v3 Resource title: Pushchair or Zimmer Frame? Credits: 3 Achievement Describe aspects of a geographic topic at a global scale. Achievement with Merit Describe, in-depth, aspects of a geographic topic at a global scale. Achievement with Excellence Comprehensively describe aspects of a geographic topic at a global scale. Student instructions Introduction This assessment activity requires you to describe the global pattern of youthful or ageing populations, the causes of the pattern, and how youthful or ageing populations are of significance to people’s lives in different parts of the world. You will prepare this information as a computer-based slide show with supporting explanatory notes. Design your slide show as if you were going to present it at a global geography conference. You are not required to present your slide show. Complete this activity over four periods of class time. Your teacher will provide you with resources. You can also use time outside of class to collect further information. You will be assessed on how well you are able to describe the global pattern, the causes of the pattern, and the significance of the topic to people’s lives in regions or nations across different continents or hemispheres. Task Use the resources your teacher has provided and other information you have gathered to create slides in your computer-based slide show. Use geographic terminology and concepts throughout your answers. Identify a global pattern of either youthful or ageing populations Display the pattern by shading a world outline map to show the main areas with either youthful populations or ageing populations. Fully describe the pattern by annotating the map and writing a paragraph in the notes attached to the slide. Use appropriate geographic terminology to identify and describe the spatial pattern. Refer to regions or nations across different continents or hemispheres. This resource is copyright © Crown 2015 Page 4 of 8 Internal assessment resource Geography 1.7A v3 for Achievement Standard 91013 PAGE FOR STUDENT USE Identify causes of the pattern Teacher note: A range of suitable processes and/or factors could be provided here. Identify the factors and/or processes that caused or contributed to the pattern of youthful or ageing populations. In the notes attached to the slide/s, fully describe these factors and/or processes, supporting your answer with global evidence. Describe the significance of the topic Fully describe how the topic of youthful or ageing populations is significant to people’s lives. Consider: positive and negative impacts long- and short-term effects other significant impacts on people’s lives, including both individuals and groups. Provide evidence from regions or nations across different continents or hemispheres. This resource is copyright © Crown 2015 Page 5 of 8 Internal assessment resource Geography 1.7A v3 for Achievement Standard 91013 PAGE FOR TEACHER USE Assessment schedule: Geography 91013 Pushchair or Zimmer Frame? Evidence/Judgements for Achievement Evidence/Judgements for Achievement with Merit Evidence/Judgements for Achievement with Excellence The student describes aspects of a geographic topic at a global scale. The student: The student describes, in-depth, aspects of a geographic topic at a global scale. The student: The student comprehensively describes aspects of a geographic topic at a global scale. The student: describes the global spatial pattern and the factors and/or processes that have caused or contributed to the pattern describes, in detail, the global spatial pattern and the factors and/or processes that have caused or contributed to the pattern describes the significance to people’s lives of either youthful or ageing populations describes, in detail, the significance to people’s lives of either youthful or ageing populations fully describes a global spatial pattern and comprehensively describes the factors and/or processes that have caused or contributed to the pattern refers to regions or nations across different continents or hemispheres in all aspects of their response. fully describes the significance to people’s lives of either youthful or ageing populations incorporates geographic terminology and concepts and shows insight possibly by linking causes with effects For example [partial extract]: Pattern and causes refers to regions or nations across different continents or hemispheres in all aspects of their response “Youthful populations occur in clusters in regions around the world such as in Africa, the Middle East, and Central America. The main concentration is in central Africa around the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and in Ethiopia. The majority of these countries are located in the Tropics and are poorer countries, such as Yemen and Mexico. supports their response with detailed evidence demonstrating an understanding of all facets of the standard. For example [partial extract]: Pattern and causes For example [partial extract]: Pattern and causes “Youthful populations occur in many countries in Africa, the Middle East, and Central America. The main concentration is in central Africa around the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and in Ethiopia. One cause of this pattern is that many of these countries do not promote the use of contraception. Therefore, birth rates are high.” Significance “Countries that have ageing populations, such as Japan and Spain, have to meet the costs of health schemes and pensions for the elderly. This can result in increased taxes on individuals. However, these countries also have a much larger market for leisure and health products for elderly people to help them stay healthy. “Countries with youthful populations, such as This resource is copyright © Crown 2015 refers to regions or nations across different continents or hemispheres in all aspects of their response supports their response with specific information, facts, case studies, and names. “Youthful populations occur in places where people have limited access to education and health care. Often people want to have larger families so their children can support them when they get older as the country may have no old-age pension. “Many more economically developed countries have an ageing population, for example, countries in Europe (with a concentration in Western Europe, such as the UK, Italy, and Spain), North America, and, in the southern hemisphere, Australia and New Zealand. In the UK there is an increasing number of people over 65 but also a decline in the number of people of working age. The dependency ratio was expected to rise from Page 6 of 8 Internal assessment resource Geography 1.7A v3 for Achievement Standard 91013 PAGE FOR TEACHER USE Uganda, can struggle to provide enough food for their current and growing population, which means many people can suffer from illnesses related to poor diet.” “In countries such as Kenya, where most people live in rural places, such as Matooni village in eastern Kenya, the main activity is growing food to feed yourself and your family. The more children you have, the more people can work on the farm to grow food. In Kenya, women have on average 4.9 births (2008).” Significance “Having an ageing population can have positive impacts on society. In the UK, for example, which has an ageing population, there has been an increased demand for housing for the elderly. This is important as people have safe accommodation and many of the housing options are in retirement villages where people have easy access to medical care as well. “This has seen an increase in the building industry, which has improved the economies of some areas such as around Brighton, which has built five new retirement villages in the last five years. Builders have experienced secure jobs and incomes.” 0.35 (2000) to 0.65 (2004). The increasing dependency ratio in the UK is a result of the average age of the country increasing. The global pattern shows a dispersed pattern of countries with several clusters or concentrations. “There are a number of factors that can lead to an ageing population. One factor is the falling birth rate in countries such as New Zealand, Canada, and Australia. In New Zealand the fertility rate fell from 3 in 1945 to 1.8 in 2010. Women in New Zealand are choosing to have children later, which means that the average age of first-time mothers has increased from 23 in 1970 to 31 in 2010. A number of women are choosing to have careers rather than having any or as many children as previous generations. Since the introduction of the contraceptive pill in the 1960s, women have been able to plan their families and have chosen to have fewer children because of the economic costs involved in having children. Women in wealthier countries have improved access to health care and education, which enables them to make more decisions about how many children they want to have.” (Note: Some statistics may not be accurate. They are given as examples of how students could use data to support their ideas.) Significance “There are advantages and disadvantages for people in countries that have ageing populations. In New Zealand the dependency ratio is projected to increase from 0.53 to 0.71 in 2051. There will be fewer people working to support more people over the age of 65. This could result in people having to pay higher taxes, which could put pressure on people earning lower wages. It is predicted that one in four of the population will be over 65. An This resource is copyright © Crown 2015 Page 7 of 8 Internal assessment resource Geography 1.7A v3 for Achievement Standard 91013 PAGE FOR TEACHER USE ageing population creates a need for more specialist health care in the form of doctors’ visits and prescription medicine use. The United States is in the process of introducing new health policies to address this problem. People over the age of 80 to 85 years are most likely to require long-term residential or home-based care for illnesses. The country may have rising health-care costs with more people in these age groups. A problem that young people may experience is difficulty getting a job as older people stay at work longer. This youth unemployment may result in … “However, in many countries that have identified the ageing population issue, facilities have been developed, such as retirement villages to accommodate elderly people. Residents at retirement facilities have the benefits of security and easy access to health care. These facilities are widespread throughout Canada and Australia.” Final grades will be decided using professional judgement based on a holistic examination of the evidence provided against the criteria in the Achievement Standard. This resource is copyright © Crown 2015 Page 8 of 8