Internal assessment resource Geography 1.7A v3 for Achievement Standard 91013
PAGE FOR TEACHER USE
NZQA
Approved
Internal Assessment Resource
Geography Level 1
This resource supports assessment against:
Achievement Standard 91013 version 2
Describe aspects of a geographic topic at a global scale
Resource title: Pushchair or Zimmer Frame?
3 credits
This resource:

Clarifies the requirements of the standard

Supports good assessment practice

Should be subjected to the school’s usual assessment quality assurance
process

Should be modified to make the context relevant to students in their school
environment and ensure that submitted evidence is authentic
Date version published by
Ministry of Education
February 2015 Version 3
Quality assurance status
These materials have been quality assured by NZQA.
To support internal assessment from 2015
NZQA Approved number A-A-02-2015-91013-02-4433
Authenticity of evidence
Teachers must manage authenticity for any assessment
from a public source, because students may have
access to the assessment schedule or student exemplar
material.
Using this assessment resource without modification
may mean that students’ work is not authentic. The
teacher may need to change figures, measurements or
data sources or set a different context or topic to be
investigated or a different text to read or perform.
This resource is copyright © Crown 2015
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Internal assessment resource Geography 1.7A v3 for Achievement Standard 91013
PAGE FOR TEACHER USE
Internal Assessment Resource
Achievement Standard Geography 91013: Describe aspects of a
geographic topic at a global scale
Resource reference: Geography 1.7A v3
Resource title: Pushchair or Zimmer Frame?
Credits: 3
Teacher guidelines
The following guidelines are supplied to enable teachers to carry out valid and
consistent assessment using this internal assessment resource.
Teachers need to be very familiar with the outcome being assessed by Achievement
Standard Geography 91013. The achievement criteria and the explanatory notes
contain information, definitions, and requirements that are crucial when interpreting
the standard and assessing students against it.
Context/setting
This assessment activity requires students to describe the global pattern of youthful
or ageing populations, the causes of the pattern, and how youthful or ageing
populations are of significance to people’s lives in different parts of the world.
Students will prepare this information as a computer-based slide show with
supporting notes. The students are not required to present their slide shows to the
class. Provide students with initial guidance on how to set up their slide shows.
Conditions
This assessment activity takes place over at least four hours of in-class time. Provide
sufficient time for all students to complete the activity. Students may spend additional
time outside of class to complete this assessment activity.
Resource requirements
Provide students with access to computers, atlases, blank world maps, world maps
showing the global median age, population pyramids, and/or other resources (for
example, newspaper and online articles) that illustrate the global patterns of youthful
and ageing populations. Teacher-provided resources should be of sufficient quality to
enable candidates to achieve at Excellence level. Students should be encouraged to
provide additional resources.
World maps showing the global median age from the CIA’s The World Fact book:
http://www.globalhealthfacts.org/data/topic/map.aspx?ind=81
World maps showing life expectancy and the youthful population:
http://maps.howstuffworks.com/
Population pyramids from the US Census Bureau International Data Base:
http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb
http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/region.php
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Internal assessment resource Geography 1.7A v3 for Achievement Standard 91013
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Additional information
Before beginning this assessment activity:

consider Internet safety and privacy issues

ensure that students understand the nature of spatial patterns in a global context
and the factors/processes that may be responsible for these patterns. These
factors/processes may be physical, social, historical, political, or economic.
This resource is copyright © Crown 2015
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Internal assessment resource Geography 1.7A v3 for Achievement Standard 91013
PAGE FOR STUDENT USE
Internal Assessment Resource
Achievement Standard Geography 91013: Describe aspects of
a geographic topic at a global scale
Resource reference: Geography 1.7A v3
Resource title: Pushchair or Zimmer Frame?
Credits: 3
Achievement
Describe aspects of a
geographic topic at a global
scale.
Achievement with Merit
Describe, in-depth, aspects
of a geographic topic at a
global scale.
Achievement with
Excellence
Comprehensively describe
aspects of a geographic topic
at a global scale.
Student instructions
Introduction
This assessment activity requires you to describe the global pattern of youthful or
ageing populations, the causes of the pattern, and how youthful or ageing
populations are of significance to people’s lives in different parts of the world.
You will prepare this information as a computer-based slide show with supporting
explanatory notes.
Design your slide show as if you were going to present it at a global geography
conference. You are not required to present your slide show.
Complete this activity over four periods of class time.
Your teacher will provide you with resources. You can also use time outside of class
to collect further information.
You will be assessed on how well you are able to describe the global pattern, the
causes of the pattern, and the significance of the topic to people’s lives in regions or
nations across different continents or hemispheres.
Task
Use the resources your teacher has provided and other information you have
gathered to create slides in your computer-based slide show.
Use geographic terminology and concepts throughout your answers.
Identify a global pattern of either youthful or ageing populations

Display the pattern by shading a world outline map to show the main areas with
either youthful populations or ageing populations.

Fully describe the pattern by annotating the map and writing a paragraph in the
notes attached to the slide. Use appropriate geographic terminology to identify
and describe the spatial pattern.

Refer to regions or nations across different continents or hemispheres.
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Internal assessment resource Geography 1.7A v3 for Achievement Standard 91013
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Identify causes of the pattern
Teacher note: A range of suitable processes and/or factors could be provided
here.
Identify the factors and/or processes that caused or contributed to the pattern of
youthful or ageing populations.
In the notes attached to the slide/s, fully describe these factors and/or processes,
supporting your answer with global evidence.
Describe the significance of the topic
Fully describe how the topic of youthful or ageing populations is significant to
people’s lives. Consider:

positive and negative impacts

long- and short-term effects

other significant impacts on people’s lives, including both individuals and groups.
Provide evidence from regions or nations across different continents or hemispheres.
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Internal assessment resource Geography 1.7A v3 for Achievement Standard 91013
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Assessment schedule: Geography 91013 Pushchair or Zimmer Frame?
Evidence/Judgements for Achievement
Evidence/Judgements for Achievement with
Merit
Evidence/Judgements for Achievement with
Excellence
The student describes aspects of a geographic
topic at a global scale.
The student:
The student describes, in-depth, aspects of a
geographic topic at a global scale.
The student:
The student comprehensively describes aspects of
a geographic topic at a global scale.
The student:

describes the global spatial pattern and the
factors and/or processes that have caused or
contributed to the pattern

describes, in detail, the global spatial pattern
and the factors and/or processes that have
caused or contributed to the pattern


describes the significance to people’s lives of
either youthful or ageing populations

describes, in detail, the significance to people’s
lives of either youthful or ageing populations
fully describes a global spatial pattern and
comprehensively describes the factors and/or
processes that have caused or contributed to
the pattern

refers to regions or nations across different
continents or hemispheres in all aspects of their
response.

fully describes the significance to people’s lives
of either youthful or ageing populations

incorporates geographic terminology and
concepts and shows insight possibly by linking
causes with effects

For example [partial extract]:
Pattern and causes
refers to regions or nations across different
continents or hemispheres in all aspects of their
response

“Youthful populations occur in clusters in regions
around the world such as in Africa, the Middle
East, and Central America. The main
concentration is in central Africa around the
Democratic Republic of the Congo, and in
Ethiopia. The majority of these countries are
located in the Tropics and are poorer countries,
such as Yemen and Mexico.
supports their response with detailed evidence
demonstrating an understanding of all facets of
the standard.
For example [partial extract]:
Pattern and causes


For example [partial extract]:
Pattern and causes
“Youthful populations occur in many countries in
Africa, the Middle East, and Central America. The
main concentration is in central Africa around the
Democratic Republic of the Congo, and in
Ethiopia. One cause of this pattern is that many of
these countries do not promote the use of
contraception. Therefore, birth rates are high.”
Significance
“Countries that have ageing populations, such as
Japan and Spain, have to meet the costs of health
schemes and pensions for the elderly. This can
result in increased taxes on individuals. However,
these countries also have a much larger market for
leisure and health products for elderly people to
help them stay healthy.
“Countries with youthful populations, such as
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refers to regions or nations across different
continents or hemispheres in all aspects of their
response
supports their response with specific
information, facts, case studies, and names.
“Youthful populations occur in places where
people have limited access to education and
health care. Often people want to have larger
families so their children can support them when
they get older as the country may have no old-age
pension.
“Many more economically developed countries
have an ageing population, for example, countries
in Europe (with a concentration in Western
Europe, such as the UK, Italy, and Spain), North
America, and, in the southern hemisphere,
Australia and New Zealand. In the UK there is an
increasing number of people over 65 but also a
decline in the number of people of working age.
The dependency ratio was expected to rise from
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Internal assessment resource Geography 1.7A v3 for Achievement Standard 91013
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Uganda, can struggle to provide enough food for
their current and growing population, which means
many people can suffer from illnesses related to
poor diet.”
“In countries such as Kenya, where most people
live in rural places, such as Matooni village in
eastern Kenya, the main activity is growing food to
feed yourself and your family. The more children
you have, the more people can work on the farm
to grow food. In Kenya, women have on average
4.9 births (2008).”
Significance
“Having an ageing population can have positive
impacts on society. In the UK, for example, which
has an ageing population, there has been an
increased demand for housing for the elderly. This
is important as people have safe accommodation
and many of the housing options are in retirement
villages where people have easy access to
medical care as well.
“This has seen an increase in the building industry,
which has improved the economies of some areas
such as around Brighton, which has built five new
retirement villages in the last five years. Builders
have experienced secure jobs and incomes.”
0.35 (2000) to 0.65 (2004). The increasing
dependency ratio in the UK is a result of the
average age of the country increasing. The global
pattern shows a dispersed pattern of countries
with several clusters or concentrations.
“There are a number of factors that can lead to an
ageing population. One factor is the falling birth
rate in countries such as New Zealand, Canada,
and Australia. In New Zealand the fertility rate fell
from 3 in 1945 to 1.8 in 2010. Women in New
Zealand are choosing to have children later, which
means that the average age of first-time mothers
has increased from 23 in 1970 to 31 in 2010. A
number of women are choosing to have careers
rather than having any or as many children as
previous generations. Since the introduction of the
contraceptive pill in the 1960s, women have been
able to plan their families and have chosen to have
fewer children because of the economic costs
involved in having children. Women in wealthier
countries have improved access to health care
and education, which enables them to make more
decisions about how many children they want to
have.”
(Note: Some statistics may not be accurate. They
are given as examples of how students could use
data to support their ideas.)
Significance
“There are advantages and disadvantages for
people in countries that have ageing populations.
In New Zealand the dependency ratio is projected
to increase from 0.53 to 0.71 in 2051. There will be
fewer people working to support more people over
the age of 65. This could result in people having to
pay higher taxes, which could put pressure on
people earning lower wages. It is predicted that
one in four of the population will be over 65. An
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Internal assessment resource Geography 1.7A v3 for Achievement Standard 91013
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ageing population creates a need for more
specialist health care in the form of doctors’ visits
and prescription medicine use. The United States
is in the process of introducing new health policies
to address this problem. People over the age of 80
to 85 years are most likely to require long-term
residential or home-based care for illnesses. The
country may have rising health-care costs with
more people in these age groups. A problem that
young people may experience is difficulty getting a
job as older people stay at work longer. This youth
unemployment may result in …
“However, in many countries that have identified
the ageing population issue, facilities have been
developed, such as retirement villages to
accommodate elderly people. Residents at
retirement facilities have the benefits of security
and easy access to health care. These facilities
are widespread throughout Canada and Australia.”
Final grades will be decided using professional judgement based on a holistic examination of the evidence provided against the criteria in the
Achievement Standard.
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