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Biology 413 (Zoogeography) Mid-term Exam PRACTICE
Winter Term 2 - 2014
Answer the questions in the space provided. For written questions, use 1 – 2 sentences (point form
is OK). These questions should take ~ 5 minutes each.
Question 1 (2 points):
Define the following terms as they relate to mechanisms that explain disjunct distributions of species:
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Question 2 (4 points):
In the space below, draw two phylogenies for species A, B and C, where species A is the outgroup and
species B and C are sister species. Give the two phylogenies an x-axis of time (2 points).
Suppose that species B and C have disjunct geographical distributions due to an event that created a
barrier (i.e., a larger river). In phylogeny 1, draw a vertical bar on the phylogeny for the timing of that
event that would be consistent with speciation forming species B and C via dispersal. In phylogeny 2,
draw a vertical bar for the timing of that event that would be consistent with speciation forming species
B and C via vicariance.
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Answer the following question using complete sentences (point form is not OK).
Question 3 (8 points):
Sympatric speciation is one of several models of speciation based on geography. What is sympatric
speciation and what are three criteria that must be met to conclude that a speciation event occurred
under the sympatric model?
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