Name_______________________
Ch 11, 12, 6 homework (1 point each)
Due Monday 7/26/2010
Ch 11.
1. The term "gene expression" refers to the
A) fact that each individual of a species has a unique set of genes.
B) fact that individuals of the same species have different phenotypes.
C) process by which genetic information flows from genes to proteins.
D) fact that certain genes are visible as dark stripes on a chromosome.
E) flow of information from parent to offspring.
2. Outline the function of the lac operon when lactose is present.
3. What are oncogenes, proto-oncogenes, and tumor-suppressor genes?
4. Enhancers are….
A) adjacent to the gene that they regulate.
B) required to turn on gene expression when transcription factors are in short supply.
C) the site on DNA to which activators bind.
D) required to facilitate the binding of DNA polymerases.
E) the products of transcription factors.

5. Outline the 4 ways genes expression can be regulated after mRNA has been processed and transported to the cytoplasm.
6. Outline how a signal transduction pathway works to control gene expression
7. Explain reproductive and therapeutic cloning

8. Explain alternate RNA splicing. How does it enable a single gene to encode more than one kind of polypeptide?
9. A homeotic gene
A) turns on the genes necessary for synthesis of proteins.
B) serves as a master control gene that functions during embryonic development by controlling the developmental fate of groups of cells.
C) represses gene transcription and promotes mRNA translation.
D) produces a product that controls the transcription of other genes.
E) is found only in adult somatic cells.
10. _____________ are associate with the DNA to begin coiling and folding of the chromosome.
_____________________ are a complex of 8 histones and DNA. This allows the DNA to be supercoiled into a chromosome.
Ch 12.
1. When DNA from two sources is combined into one single piece of DNA, it is known as (1)
A) cloned DNA.
B) recombinant DNA.
C) a vector.
D) a plasmid.
E) a DNA library.
2. Restriction enzymes (1)
A) edit proteins.
B) cut DNA at specific sites.
C) stop transcription.
D) bind together strands of DNA.
E) bind RNA fragments together.

3. Label the positive and negative ends of the electrophoresis gel and place the DNA segments for each clone number in order from smallest to largest.
4. How can single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP’s) lead to differences in DNA fragments after being cut with restriction enzymes?
5. Outline how PCR works

6. The feature of "sticky ends" that makes them especially useful in DNA recombination is their ability to (1)
A) bind to DNA and thereby activate transcription.
B) bind to ribosomes and thereby activate translation.
C) form hydrogen-bonded base pairs with complementary single-stranded stretches of DNA.
D) allow plasmids to attach to the main bacterial chromosome.
E) insert a segment of RNA into a bacterial chromosome.
7. _________________ DNA is DNA that has been created artificially from 2 or more sources.
8. How is recombinant DNA created in a bacterium plasmid? Be sure to include how it is cut and any enzymes involved
9. _____________________ organisms have acquired DNA via artificial means.
10. How does reverse transcriptase make a single strand of DNA from a mRNA template?

Ch 6
1. Where does glycolysis occur in a eukaryotic cell? Where do the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?
2. Oxidation is the ________, and reduction is the ________. (1 point)
A) gain of electrons . . . loss of electrons
B) loss of electrons . . . gain of electrons
C) loss of oxygen . . . gain of oxygen
D) gain of oxygen . . . loss of oxygen
E) gain of protons . . . loss of protons
3. What are the start and end products of glycolysis? How many net ATP and NADH are generated?
4. In the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is a molecule of ___________
5. Which stage of cellular respiration yields the greatest amount of ATP?

6. Explain how an electron transport chain works
7. What are facultative and obligate anaerobes?

8. Outline the Kreb Cycle
9. Outline Glycolysis
10. What is the net output, in terms of ATP, NADH and FADH
2
, for each of the three pathways in cellular respiration?