BIOLOGY 1
STANDARD 4.0
LESSON 4.5B
PRINT OUT THIS LESSON BEFORE CONTINUING IN ORDER TO
FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS AND COMPLETE THE ASSIGNMENT.
KEEP THESE PAGES IN YOUR NOTEBOOK
Genetics and Biotechnology Unit
The student will investigate the concepts of genetics and
heredity, different methods of reproduction, patterns of
inheritance, and genetic disorders; as well as, explore and
evaluate the DNA technologies from both a scientific and
ethical perspective.
Lesson 2b - Structure and function of DNA and RNA
A. Notes DNA structure and DNA replication
B. Notes DNA structure/ DNA replication / RNA structure
Complete the worksheet while reading though the above note links
Name ____________________________ Date completed _____
1. What does DNA stand for:
____________________________________
2. _________________ Are the basic building blocks of all nucleic
Acids.
3. A nucleotide contains what 3 parts:
_____________________, ___________________,
__________________
4. DNA contains the bases: __________________,
___________________, ________________________, and
_____________________.
5. _________________________ is the sugar found in all DNA
molecules
6. The shape of a DNA molecule is called the
__________________________.
7. The base thymine always pairs with ___________________
8. The base cytosine always pairs with ___________________
9. _______________________ is the term used to refer to DNA
when it makes an exact duplicate of itself.
10. Give the base sequence of the complementary DNA strand.
Original strand: T T A C G G T C A C C A
---Complementary strand :
Use this link to view a video on DNA before continuing with the
lesson
(Click on the double helix)
Use this link to build a DNA Model
Nucleic Acids Continued
Nucleic Acids contain __________ and ___________ as their
examples. DNA is responsible for the code of every
______________ in an organism body. The monomers of DNA are
called _______________. Each of these ________________
contains a sugar, one of 5 different bases and a phosphate.
This is an example of a simple nucleotide.
S
-B
|
P
There are 2 types of sugars: ___________________ and
__________________.
There are 5 types of bases: DNA contains: Adenine, Guanine,
Cytosine, and Thymine.
While RNA contains: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and
____________
Draw the 4 different types of nucleotides for DNA in the space
below: Use D for the sugar and the underlined letters for the bases.
The P is the same in all nucleotides.
The nucleotides can only combine in the following order: A - T and
C - G. The bases never touch the P.
Let us produce a DNA molecule using the following sequence of
DNA bases:
A C TC A GG T A T
T T T T T T T T T T
This DNA will twist several times forming the unique corkscrew
shape called the __________________.
Do this activity before continuing with the lesson
C. Activity: A handful of DNA - great visuals!
RNA is a bit different in structure, since it has the base Uracil
replacing the base _________________. The sugar is different
since ____________ replaces the Deoxyribose in the nucleotide.
Most of RNA has a linear structure and not that of a ladder. RNA's
functions vary from taking the code for a protein to the ribosome
(m-RNA) to bringing in the correct amino acids to produce the
protein (t-RNA).
DNA Replication: This is the process by which DNA produces an
exact copy of itself. There are 4 basic steps to this procedure.
1. DNA unwinds. 2. The double helix will unzip. 3. The
complementary bases will be added to each side of the old
molecule. and 4. The DNA's will rewind or twist.
Each of the 2 DNA molecules will contain 1/2 new material and 1/2
of the original molecule.
Here is another great site with animation to learn about DNA