1 Unit 2 – Basic Principles of Body Chemistry Test Bank 2.01 – Review the following terms & concepts (states of matter, elements, basic components of the atom [nucleus, electrons, protons, & neutrons], ions [electrolytes]) 1. The following are all states of matter EXCEPT: a. solid b. fire c. gas d. liquid 2. A/an element that has more electrons than protons is called a/an: a. anion b. cation c. isotope d. quark 3. Anything that occupies space and has mass is known as: a. an element b. an atom c. material d. matter 4. The structures within the nucleus of an atom that have a positive charge are: a. protons b. neutrons c. electrons d. freons 5. True/ False - Neutrons have a negative charge 6. True/False – An atom consists of two main parts, the nucleus and protons 7. The kind of element is determined by the number of: a. Neutrons b. Protons c. Electrons d. Orbitals 2 8. When atoms combine, they may gain or lose: a. nuclei b. neutrons c. protons d. electrons 9. Matter is any substance that has mass and occupies a. time b. distance c. space d. gravity 10. Which of the following is the largest in size? a. molecule b. proton c. atom d. electron 11. The atomic number represents the number of: a. electrons in an ion b. protons in an atom c. neutrons in an atom d. neutrons and electrons 12. All atoms with the same atomic number are grouped into: a. compounds b. isotopes c. molecules d. elements 13. The mass number of an atom indicates the number of: a. protons and neutrons in the nucleus b. protons & electrons in an atom c. protons in the nucleus d. electrons in the outer shells 14. Radioisotopes have unstable: a. electron clouds b. protons c. nuclei d. ions 15. The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by: a. the number of protons b. the mass of the atom c. the number of neutrons d. the number & arrangement of electrons. 3 16. During ionization, water molecules disrupt the ionic bonds of a solute and a mixture of ions is produced. These ions are called? a. anions b. dissociates c. electrolytes d. cations 17. Inorganic compounds that are soluble and whose ions will conduct an electrical current are called? a. covalent bonds b. hydrophobic c. hydrations spheres d. electrolytes 2.02 – Identify the four major elements in the body 18. The four most abundant elements in a living system includes: a. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & sodium b. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen & calcium c. calcium, phosphorus, nitrogen, & oxygen d. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen 19. Which of the following elements are not among the most common in living organisms? a. carbon b. sodium c. oxygen d. nitrogen 20. Which of the following is NOT one of the four most abundant elements in the body? a. C b. O c. P d. N 2.03 – Differentiate between a compound & a molecule 21. Two or more atoms of the SAME element chemically bonded together is best described as a/an: a. compound b. isotope c. molecule d. mixture 4 22. A substance that can be broken down into two or more DIFFERENT elements is known as a/an: a. mixture b. compound c. atom d. isotope 23. A substance that cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical means is called: a. an atom b. an element c. a compound d. a molecule 24. True/False – All molecules are compounds but not all compounds are molecules. 25. A substance containing atoms of different elements that are bonded together is called a/an: a. molecule b. compound d. isotope c. solution 2.04 – Differentiate between a cation and an anion. 26. Ions with a positive charge are called: a. Anions b. Radicals c. Isotopes d. cations 2.05 – Describe the characteristics of ionic, covalent, & hydrogen bonds. 27. The type of molecular bond in which there is a transfer of electrons from one element to another is called a/an: a. covalent bond b. ionic bond c. hydrogen bond d. dependent bond 28. The sharing of electrons is what type of bond? a. ionic b. covalent c. anionic d. cationic 5 29. In living cells, the weakest bond between two or more atoms is the _____ bond. a. ionic b. hydrogen c. covalent d. polar 2. 06 – Define pH 30. The concentration of hydrogen & hydroxide ions in a solution is measured by: a. pH b. oximetry c. electophoresis d. spectrometry 31. A substance that dissolves or ionizes in a solution into an anion and a cation, neither of which is a hydrogen or hydroxide ion is known as a/an: a. acid b. base c. salt d. metalloid 2. 07 – Categorize acidic, basic, or neutral solutions based on the pH of a solution. 32. A solution with a pH of 7.0 is considered: a. acidic b. basic c. alkaline d. neutral 33. The pH of stomach fluid is very acidic, which of the following best describes the pH; a. 2.7 b. 5.2 c. 9.5 d. 7.3 34. A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (0H-) than hydrogen (H+) ions is a/an: a. acidic solution b. basic solution c. neutral solution d. isotonic solution 35. A solution containing equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is: a. neutral b. basic c. acidic d. alkaline 6 36. Which of the following substances would be least acidic? a. white wine, pH – 3 b. lemon juice, pH – 2 c. urine, pH – 6 d. tomato juice, pH 4 37. If a substance has a pH that is greater than 7, it is: a. acidic b. neutral c. alkaline d. salt 2. 08 – Distinguish between “neutral” pH and the “average” pH range of blood. 38. The pH of blood is: a. slightly acidic b. slightly basic c. strongly acidic d. strongly basic 2.09 – Describe the properties of water & how it is utilized in the human body. 39. All of the following are properties of water EXCEPT: a. a good lubricant b. a good insulator c. a good source of energy d. a good solvent 40. What is the inorganic compound necessary for circulation? a. water b. carbon dioxide c. oxygen d. glucose 41. An inorganic compound necessary for circulation is: a. water b. salt c. carbon dioxide d. glucose 7 2.10 – Distinguish between inorganic and organic compounds. 42. Compounds that contain carbon, are covalently bonded, are flammable, and are usually large are: a. inorganic compounds b. organic compounds c. inert gases d. metals 43. Inorganic compounds do NOT usually contain a. oxygen b. carbon c. nitrogen d. hydrogen 44. Which of the following is NOT an organic compound? a. carbohydrate b. proteins c. water d. lipid 2.11 – Describe the structures and functions of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, & nucleic acids 45. The type of fat that is solid at room temperature: a. saturated fat b. mono unsaturated fat c. poly unsaturated fat d. glycerol 46. Amino acids are smaller sub units molecules of larger organic molecules known as: a. protein b. carbohydrates c. lipids d. alcohols 47. When a protein acts as a catalyst to speed up or alter the rate of a chemical reaction it is said to be functioning as a/an: a. myofilament b. enzyme c. hormone receptor site d. cell identity marker 8 48. The organic compound that makes up the structural unit of DNA is: a. nucleic acid b. lipids c. carbohydrates d. proteins 49. Which of the following molecules is a lipid based molecule: a. cholesterol b. RNA c. enzymes d. disaccharides 50. Which of the following nitrogen bases pairs with adenine in RNA? a. uracil b. thymine c. cytosine d. guanine 51. The element that is present in proteins but NOT in carbohydrates is: a. carbon b. hydrogen c. oxygen d. nitrogen 52. Carbohydrate molecules: a. contain the genetic information found in cells b. are composed of C, H, O, and N atoms c. form regulatory molecules known as enzymes d. are the body’s more readily available source of energy 53. The most important metabolic fuel molecule in the body is: a. vitamins b. sucrose c. protein d. glucose 56. Which of the following is NOT a function of protein? a. transport b. storage of genetic information c. metabolic regulation d. support 63. Molecules that store and process genetic information are the: a. lipids b. nucleic acids c. proteins d. carbohydrates 2.12 – Describe how the body produces energy during cellular respiration. 64. Which of the following substances is the main source of energy in the body? a. AMP c. ADP b. Ach d. ATP