TEST:
HEREDITY TARGETS
Name _________________________________
Hour _________________
Target 1. Explain the Discoveries which Gregor Mendel made about Heredity
1.
Name the man who worked with garden peas. He discovered that traits are controlled by TWO genes. One from the
father, one from the mother. He also discovered that one gene could be stronger than another. His name is…
2.
Mendel’s discoveries were made in the
A. 1800’s
3.
B. 1700’s
C. 1900’s
D. 1600’s
What big question about life was Gregor Mendel trying to find the answer to?
A. How are traits passed on from parent to offspring.
B. Why do some peas grow better than others.
C. How does DNA form into genes and chromosomes.
D. Are dominant traits better than recessive traits?
4.
5.
Which of the following are the three conclusions that Mendel reached after experimenting with pea plants?
(Circle all 3 of his conclusions ) WARNING! Most of the statements below are true. Don’t circle every true statement.
Only circle the statements which are Mendel’s conclusions
DNA can be taken from one species (a plant) and put in another species (like a bacteria)
C.
A trait is controlled by two messages. One from the Father. One message from the mother.
D.
One message or factor can be stronger than another message for the same trait.
E.
During sexual reproduction, each parent passes on only one message for each trait.
F.
Traits in a baby are determined more by the mother than by the father
B. Recessive
C. Blue
B. Recessive
C.
Green
The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called
A. Heredity
8.
B.
Mendel called the weaker factor for a trait (the one that gets covered-up by the strong gene)
A. Dominant
7.
Genes are made of DNA which makes protein
Mendel called the strong factor (gene) for a trait ….
A. Dominant
6.
A.
B. dominance
C. probability
D. Phenotype
Different forms of the same gene are called
A. Heredity
B. pollination
C. Genotype
D. alleles
9.
TT …., Tt,
A genotypes
tt
are all examples of
B. phenotypes
14 . Fill in the blanks in the paragraph below…
After working with Garden peas, Gregor Mendel concluded that a TRAIT is controlled
by
T __ ___ genes.
One from the M ____ ____ and one from the D __ __ . He also discovered that
One G __ __ __
can be S T R __ __ __ __ R
Than another G __ __ __.
Mendel also thought that each parent gave ____________ (how many?)
factor(s) for
for each trait to their offspring.
The statements above are the basic laws of
H E ____ ___ ____ ___ ____ ___
15. The traits that you have depend on the _________________________ that you inherited from your parents.
A. cells
B. Genes
16. T or F
17. T or F
C. personality
D. eye color
Genes tell you what traits you will have.
Sometimes one gene is stronger than another.
18. Gregor Mendel mated a purebred tall pea-plant with a purebred short pea-plant.
All of the baby pea-plants from this mating grew up to be tall. What did Mendel
conclude from this data? (Circle all of his conclusions)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Tall pea plants grow more often than short pea-plants
short pea plants don’t reproduce very well
The gene for being short is weaker than the gene for being tall
None of these
19. Gregor Mendel mated a purebred round seeded pea-plants with a purebred wrinkledseeded pea-plants.
All of the baby pea-plants from this mating grew up to produce
Round Seeds. What did Mendel conclude from this data? (Circle all of his conclusions)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Round Seeded pea plants grow faster than short pea-plants
wrinkled seeded pea plants don’t reproduce very well
The gene for Round seeds is weaker than the gene wrinkled seeds
None of these
Gregor Mendel is called “ the Father of Genetics” . Genetics is the study of
19.
A. Heredity
B. Ecology
C. Peas
D. Generation X
21. Heredity is the passing of __________________ from parent to offspring
22.
Which statement below is best?
a.
Mendel believed that the chances of passing a trait from parent to child could be predicted using the laws of
probability
b.
Mendel believed that the passing of traits from parent to offspring was completely random and that you could
not predict the chance of appearance of traits in the offspring.
TARGET TWO
T = gene for tall
t = gene for dwarf
1. In the space below, Use a punnett - square to show a cross between a purebred tall cactus and a purebred dwarf cactus
2. T or F This mating can produce dwarf cactus
3. What per-cent of the baby cactus will probably be tall? ________
4. What percent of the baby cactus will probably be dwarf? ________
5. In the space below, use a punnett square to predict possible traits in the offspring if 2 of the hybrid plants from #1 above were
mated together.
6. Both of the parent cactus in this mating are
A. Tall
B. Dwarf
7. T or F A tall cactus can carry the gene for being short
8. T or F
A tall cactus can pass on the short gene to its babies.
9. T or F Two tall parent cactus plants can possibly produce a short baby cactus
________________________________________________________________________
10. The gene for brown eyes is dominant.
The gene for blue eyes is recessive.
B
b
What is the eye color that matches each pair of genes below?
A. Jen got a B gene from her mom and a B gene from her Dad. Eye color = _______
B. Ed got a B gene from his mom and a b gene from his Dad Eye color = ________
C. Tim got a b gene from mom and a b gene from Dad
His eye color is _______
11. In pea-plants T = the gene for being tall
t = the gene for being dwarf
Which of the pea-plants below is purebred ( homoxygous ) tall? ___________
Which of the pea-plants below is purebred ( homozygous ) dwarf? __________
Which of the pea-plants below is Hybrid? ( heterozygous ) for the height trait ___________
12. A Bizarre genetic strain of mice known as the “Zane Mc-strain” of mice has two main fur colors. In this highly intelligent
mouse, Black fur is dominant over white fur.
B = allele for Black fur
b = allele for white fur
In the space below, use a punnett square to show the probable traits in the offspring when
Purebred white male is mated to a hybrid black female
14. T or F
These two parents could produce baby mice that are white
15. T or F
These two parents could produce baby mice that are black
16. Which color of baby is most likely to be born in the example above?
G.
White
B. Black
C. Equal chance of white or black.
D. None of these
17. If a baby mouse inherits the black gene from his mother and the white gene from
his father that baby will be….
18. Using the same alleles
A. Black
B. White
B = black fur
b = white fur
Draw a punnet square showing a cross between two hybrid black mice.
Use the punnet square results to answer the questions which follow.
A.
. what is the expected ratio of black offspring to white offspring?
____ black offspring
for every
_____ white offspring
B.
What percent of the offspring from these parents will probably be black_________?
C.
What percentage of the offspring would probably be white? ______________
19.
T or F
The parents in # 18 could have 24 offspring and all could be white.
20.
T or F
The parents in #18 could have 15 offspring, and all could be black
21.
T or F
It is not possible for the parents in #18 to have white offspring
22.
Which statement below is best?
A.
Punnett squares show probability. They show what is most likely to happen.
B. Punnett squares are 100% accurate predicting tools. A punnett square shows what traits offspring from 2
parents will definitely have
27. You have discovered a new type of plant called a Croonquist. The Croonquist plant was developed with money from a Grant
from Con-Agra corporation. This line of flowers has proven popular with girls. Purebreds strains of Croonquist plants have distinct
flower colors. Red and White.
Describe an experiment which would allow you to discover if the gene for red flowers is stronger than the gene for white flowers.
Use the following terms and phrases in your answer
Purebred / Offspring
/ Pollinate /
If the allele for red is dominant, then we predict to observe
_____________________ ____________in the offspring
If the allele for white flowers is dominant then we predict to observe ___________________________in the offspring
If both alleles are dominant then the flower color we predict to observe ___________________________in the offspring
28. In mice B = gene for black fur
b = gene for white fur
When the sperm, shown below fertilizes the egg shown below, a new baby mouse will be formed. What color will that mouse be
when he grows-up?
A.. Black
29.
B. White
C. Grey
A purebred red flower is mated with a purebred white flower. The red gene for flower color is dominant. So is the white
gene. Because both genes are dominant…we would expect the babies to grow up and have pink flowers
Using
R = red flower gene and
W = white flower gene
show a punnett square cross between a purebred red flower and a purebred white flo
30.
In the space below, Use a punnett square to predict the possible results of a cross between 2 of the offspring from # 29
31. In the punnett square in #30 above
A. what is the expected ratio of red to pink to white offspring? (3 numbers please!!)
____________ white to
B.
T or F
_____________ pink to __________________ Red
In the example we are using …there is no gene for pink color…even though there are pink flowers.
C. In #30…..what % of the offspring do we expect to be:
red __________?
D. In #30…..what % of the offspring do we expect to be:
white __________?
E. In #21…..what % of the offspring do we expect to be:
pink __________?
23. Red genes and white genes combining to make pink flowers is an example of
A.
incomplete dominance ( co-dominance )
B.
sex chromosomes
C.
genotypes overpowering phenotypes