TEST: HEREDITY TARGETS Name _________________________________ Hour _________________ Target 1. Explain the Discoveries which Gregor Mendel made about Heredity 1. Name the man who worked with garden peas. He discovered that traits are controlled by TWO genes. One from the father, one from the mother. He also discovered that one gene could be stronger than another. His name is… 2. Mendel’s discoveries were made in the A. 1800’s 3. B. 1700’s C. 1900’s D. 1600’s What big question about life was Gregor Mendel trying to find the answer to? A. How are traits passed on from parent to offspring. B. Why do some peas grow better than others. C. How does DNA form into genes and chromosomes. D. Are dominant traits better than recessive traits? 4. 5. Which of the following are the three conclusions that Mendel reached after experimenting with pea plants? (Circle all 3 of his conclusions ) WARNING! Most of the statements below are true. Don’t circle every true statement. Only circle the statements which are Mendel’s conclusions DNA can be taken from one species (a plant) and put in another species (like a bacteria) C. A trait is controlled by two messages. One from the Father. One message from the mother. D. One message or factor can be stronger than another message for the same trait. E. During sexual reproduction, each parent passes on only one message for each trait. F. Traits in a baby are determined more by the mother than by the father B. Recessive C. Blue B. Recessive C. Green The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called A. Heredity 8. B. Mendel called the weaker factor for a trait (the one that gets covered-up by the strong gene) A. Dominant 7. Genes are made of DNA which makes protein Mendel called the strong factor (gene) for a trait …. A. Dominant 6. A. B. dominance C. probability D. Phenotype Different forms of the same gene are called A. Heredity B. pollination C. Genotype D. alleles 9. TT …., Tt, A genotypes tt are all examples of B. phenotypes 14 . Fill in the blanks in the paragraph below… After working with Garden peas, Gregor Mendel concluded that a TRAIT is controlled by T __ ___ genes. One from the M ____ ____ and one from the D __ __ . He also discovered that One G __ __ __ can be S T R __ __ __ __ R Than another G __ __ __. Mendel also thought that each parent gave ____________ (how many?) factor(s) for for each trait to their offspring. The statements above are the basic laws of H E ____ ___ ____ ___ ____ ___ 15. The traits that you have depend on the _________________________ that you inherited from your parents. A. cells B. Genes 16. T or F 17. T or F C. personality D. eye color Genes tell you what traits you will have. Sometimes one gene is stronger than another. 18. Gregor Mendel mated a purebred tall pea-plant with a purebred short pea-plant. All of the baby pea-plants from this mating grew up to be tall. What did Mendel conclude from this data? (Circle all of his conclusions) A. B. C. D. Tall pea plants grow more often than short pea-plants short pea plants don’t reproduce very well The gene for being short is weaker than the gene for being tall None of these 19. Gregor Mendel mated a purebred round seeded pea-plants with a purebred wrinkledseeded pea-plants. All of the baby pea-plants from this mating grew up to produce Round Seeds. What did Mendel conclude from this data? (Circle all of his conclusions) A. B. C. D. Round Seeded pea plants grow faster than short pea-plants wrinkled seeded pea plants don’t reproduce very well The gene for Round seeds is weaker than the gene wrinkled seeds None of these Gregor Mendel is called “ the Father of Genetics” . Genetics is the study of 19. A. Heredity B. Ecology C. Peas D. Generation X 21. Heredity is the passing of __________________ from parent to offspring 22. Which statement below is best? a. Mendel believed that the chances of passing a trait from parent to child could be predicted using the laws of probability b. Mendel believed that the passing of traits from parent to offspring was completely random and that you could not predict the chance of appearance of traits in the offspring. TARGET TWO T = gene for tall t = gene for dwarf 1. In the space below, Use a punnett - square to show a cross between a purebred tall cactus and a purebred dwarf cactus 2. T or F This mating can produce dwarf cactus 3. What per-cent of the baby cactus will probably be tall? ________ 4. What percent of the baby cactus will probably be dwarf? ________ 5. In the space below, use a punnett square to predict possible traits in the offspring if 2 of the hybrid plants from #1 above were mated together. 6. Both of the parent cactus in this mating are A. Tall B. Dwarf 7. T or F A tall cactus can carry the gene for being short 8. T or F A tall cactus can pass on the short gene to its babies. 9. T or F Two tall parent cactus plants can possibly produce a short baby cactus ________________________________________________________________________ 10. The gene for brown eyes is dominant. The gene for blue eyes is recessive. B b What is the eye color that matches each pair of genes below? A. Jen got a B gene from her mom and a B gene from her Dad. Eye color = _______ B. Ed got a B gene from his mom and a b gene from his Dad Eye color = ________ C. Tim got a b gene from mom and a b gene from Dad His eye color is _______ 11. In pea-plants T = the gene for being tall t = the gene for being dwarf Which of the pea-plants below is purebred ( homoxygous ) tall? ___________ Which of the pea-plants below is purebred ( homozygous ) dwarf? __________ Which of the pea-plants below is Hybrid? ( heterozygous ) for the height trait ___________ 12. A Bizarre genetic strain of mice known as the “Zane Mc-strain” of mice has two main fur colors. In this highly intelligent mouse, Black fur is dominant over white fur. B = allele for Black fur b = allele for white fur In the space below, use a punnett square to show the probable traits in the offspring when Purebred white male is mated to a hybrid black female 14. T or F These two parents could produce baby mice that are white 15. T or F These two parents could produce baby mice that are black 16. Which color of baby is most likely to be born in the example above? G. White B. Black C. Equal chance of white or black. D. None of these 17. If a baby mouse inherits the black gene from his mother and the white gene from his father that baby will be…. 18. Using the same alleles A. Black B. White B = black fur b = white fur Draw a punnet square showing a cross between two hybrid black mice. Use the punnet square results to answer the questions which follow. A. . what is the expected ratio of black offspring to white offspring? ____ black offspring for every _____ white offspring B. What percent of the offspring from these parents will probably be black_________? C. What percentage of the offspring would probably be white? ______________ 19. T or F The parents in # 18 could have 24 offspring and all could be white. 20. T or F The parents in #18 could have 15 offspring, and all could be black 21. T or F It is not possible for the parents in #18 to have white offspring 22. Which statement below is best? A. Punnett squares show probability. They show what is most likely to happen. B. Punnett squares are 100% accurate predicting tools. A punnett square shows what traits offspring from 2 parents will definitely have 27. You have discovered a new type of plant called a Croonquist. The Croonquist plant was developed with money from a Grant from Con-Agra corporation. This line of flowers has proven popular with girls. Purebreds strains of Croonquist plants have distinct flower colors. Red and White. Describe an experiment which would allow you to discover if the gene for red flowers is stronger than the gene for white flowers. Use the following terms and phrases in your answer Purebred / Offspring / Pollinate / If the allele for red is dominant, then we predict to observe _____________________ ____________in the offspring If the allele for white flowers is dominant then we predict to observe ___________________________in the offspring If both alleles are dominant then the flower color we predict to observe ___________________________in the offspring 28. In mice B = gene for black fur b = gene for white fur When the sperm, shown below fertilizes the egg shown below, a new baby mouse will be formed. What color will that mouse be when he grows-up? A.. Black 29. B. White C. Grey A purebred red flower is mated with a purebred white flower. The red gene for flower color is dominant. So is the white gene. Because both genes are dominant…we would expect the babies to grow up and have pink flowers Using R = red flower gene and W = white flower gene show a punnett square cross between a purebred red flower and a purebred white flo 30. In the space below, Use a punnett square to predict the possible results of a cross between 2 of the offspring from # 29 31. In the punnett square in #30 above A. what is the expected ratio of red to pink to white offspring? (3 numbers please!!) ____________ white to B. T or F _____________ pink to __________________ Red In the example we are using …there is no gene for pink color…even though there are pink flowers. C. In #30…..what % of the offspring do we expect to be: red __________? D. In #30…..what % of the offspring do we expect to be: white __________? E. In #21…..what % of the offspring do we expect to be: pink __________? 23. Red genes and white genes combining to make pink flowers is an example of A. incomplete dominance ( co-dominance ) B. sex chromosomes C. genotypes overpowering phenotypes