NAME:
Global History and Geography I
Major Topics Review – Units I – IX
Topic – Event - Concept Describe the topic – event – concept… What were the effects of the event?
Neolithic Revolution
Rise of Judaism, Christianity,
and Islam
People learned how to domesticate animals and
farm
People stopped being hunters and gatherers
and stayed in one place – led to the rise of
civilizations
Movement away from polytheism and creation of
new belief systems
People began to believe in One God – the rise of
these belief systems is the rise of Monotheism
It was a harsh set of laws in ancient Babylon
It was the first set of laws that established legal
standards
All of them were river valley civilizations
Showed that people generally live where
geography is favorable – rivers provided water,
fertile soil, irrigation, and transportation
All of them were ancient African civilizations
Each civilization grew extremely wealthy
because of its location on vital trade routes; all
three of them were involved in trading gold and
salt
The Emperor of Mali, Mansa Musa completed the
Hajj
This was an example of cultural diffusion
because Islam was brought from the Middle
East and spread throughout Africa
Empire in Ancient India
This was an example of a Golden Age, which is
a period of extended peace and prosperity with
achievements in literature, math, and science
Code of Hammurabi
Egypt, Mesopotamia, Ancient
India, and Ancient China
Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
Islam in Africa
Gupta Golden Age
Topic – Event - Concept Describe the topic – event – concept… What were the effects of the event?
A belief system that grew in Ancient India
Followers of this belief system believed that
Dharma and Karma would guide their cycle of
reincarnation and their future location in the
Caste System
Peninsula located between China and Japan
Served as a cultural bridge between China and
Japan, which promoted cultural diffusion
Civilization grows along the Yellow River in the
Southeastern part of the country; isolated by
mountains and deserts
Civilization was isolated and the people
developed a belief in ethnocentrism which was
the belief that their civilization was the best
Confucianism
Most important belief system in Ancient China and
used the Five Relationships and Filial Piety
Provided a set of rules that when followed
provided the Chinese with order and stability
Growth of civilization in
Ancient Japan
Civilization develops despite geographic
limitations, like mountains and a lack of natural
resources
Had to adapt to geographic features by
developing terrace farming and taking or
trading natural resources
Feudalism in Europe and Japan
during the Middle Ages
Land was exchanged for loyalty and military
service, and all people knew their role in a rigid
social structure
This system of government provided order and
stability and was dominated by a military class
that had its own code of conduct
Belief System that developed in Ancient India and
shared some beliefs with Hinduism
Was brought to China through cultural
diffusion; believed in Dharma, Karma, and
reincarnation, but did not believe in the Caste
System
Shared a belief that all things in nature possessed a
spirit
Since these Belief Systems existed in traditional
early civilizations, they reinforced polytheistic
beliefs
Rise of Hinduism
Ancient Korea
Growth of civilization in
Ancient China
Buddhism
Animism and Shinto
Topic – Event - Concept Describe the topic – event – concept… What were the effects of the event?
Growth of civilization in
Ancient Greece
Alexander the Great and
Hellenistic Culture
The Roman Empire
The Byzantine Empire
The Manor System
The Crusades
The Black Plague
English Monarchy
Civilization grows in city-states that were separated
by Greece’s geography
He conquered most of what was known of the
world at the time and spread Greek culture
throughout his Empire
Each city-state developed a unique culture
because of being separated by geographic
characteristics (Athens and Sparta)
Promoted cultural diffusion because the ideas
of Hellenistic Civilization were spread around
the world
Empire grows over time and develops long-lasting
contributions in the area of law and government;
experiences a Golden Age; and, its fall was a
gradual process caused by many factors
Formed the basis of the legal systems of many
future civilizations and spreads its influence
throughout Europe
Eastern-Half of the Roman Empire that adopted
many Roman customs; preserved Greek and Roman
learning; its capital Constantinople was the center
of Eastern Orthodox Church and an important
trading center
Saved Christianity and Greek and Roman
learning while Europe was in the Dark Ages;
long-lasting contributions in the area of law
(Justinian’s Code); influenced early Russia
through cultural diffusion
Most serfs worked in the fields on a medieval
manor growing crops for their feudal lord; went
along with the Feudal System of government
The manor was self-sufficient and most serfs
never left throughout the entirety of their lives
Christians wanted to regain control of the Holy
Land from the Muslims
Were a successful failure; trade between Europe
and the Middle East increased; and, feudalism
was weakened in Europe
Epidemic that began in Asia and was spread
around Europe through trade
The European economy was devastated because
of the massive depopulation of the continent
The Magna Carta, Parliament, and Common Law
all limited the power of the Monarchy
This was the first time that the power of a
Monarch was limited, and more power was put
in the hands of the people
Topic – Event - Concept Describe the topic – event – concept… What were the effects of the event?
Renaissance
Protestant Reformation
Scientific Revolution
European Exploration
It was the rebirth and Golden Age of arts, literature,
and education in Europe where Humanism
developed and people questioned traditional
teachings; it began in Italy due to its geographic
location
A tremendous amount of new art, literature,
and music were created; and, traditional
institutions like the RCC began to lose a great
deal of power
Martin Luther sets out to reform the RCC with his
95 Theses that exposed the RCC’s corrupt practices,
especially the sale of indulgences; Luther is
excommunicated for questioning the RCC
Religious Unity shattered in Europe as new
Christian denominations emerged; many Kings
and Queens gained power as the RCC lost it;
forces the RCC to look at its practices during
the Counter-Reformation
Thinkers began to ask questions and examine the
natural laws governing the universe; new theories
were developed using the Scientific Method
People began to rely on human reason instead
of traditional teachings; the Scientific Method
used experimentation and observation to
prove/disprove hypotheses; the RCC lost
power
Europeans are motivated by “Gold, God, and
Glory;” they wanted to make money and spread
Christianity throughout the world
Signals the beginning of European Imperialism
and the domination of native peoples by
superior European technology
The exchange of goods between the Americas and
Europe, Africa, and Asia
Introduction of European diseases depopulated
many Native American cultures and Europeans
were introduced to new foods from the
Americas
Europeans began to bring Native Africans to their
colonies in the Americas to work on their
plantations because European diseases had
devastated the Native American Population
Large-scale destruction of African cultures and
the creation of a system of forced labor that was
inhumane and was based on African heritage
Columbian Exchange
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
Topic – Event - Concept Describe the topic – event – concept… What were the effects of the event?
The Mesoamerican Civilizations
Spanish Colonial System
Mercantilism
European Imperialism
Peter the Great and Catherine
the Great
Absolute Monarchy
Mayas, Incas, and Aztecs were located in Central
and South America; all three civilizations were
advanced long before European Colonization. The
Aztecs developed an advanced city at Tenochtitlan
and the Incas used terrace farming in the Andes
Mountains
All were examples of advanced civilizations;
and, all of them were destroyed because the
Europeans had better weapons and technology
and transferred diseases to the natives for
which they had no immunity
The colonists set up plantations in the New World
to make money. They used native and slave labor
to work the plantations, and set up a rigid social
structure to maintain control over their colonies
The cultures of the Native Americans and the
imported African slaves were destroyed and the
colonists made their colonies ship natural
resources to Europe and made them entirely
dependent on Europe for everything
Raw materials are shipped from a colony to a
mother country where they are turned into a
finished good and sold back to the colony at a
higher price; colonies were not allowed to trade
with anyone except for the mother country
Colonies became economically dependent on
the European mother countries because they
only shipped cash crops and were not allowed
to produce their own goods
Europeans began taking on colonies to make
money, spread Christianity, gain land and increase
their feelings of Nationalism
Native cultures were destroyed by Europeans
and colonies become dependent on Europe,
while European countries gained power
Both were Absolute leaders of Russia that
westernized and modernized Russia – she also
gained warm-water ports
Increased power of Czar/Czarina and brought
in Western European ideas while increasing the
amount of territory held by Russia
King or Queen claims the Divine Right to Rule and
holds complete power in governing his/country;
similar to Mandate of Heaven in China
Monarchs like Peter the Great of Russia and
Louis XIV of France centralize power and rule
their nations with unlimited power
Topic – Event - Concept Describe the topic – event – concept… What were the effects of the event?
Limited Monarchy
Enlightenment Thinkers
French Revolution
Napoleon Bonaparte
England is the best example because The Magna
Carta, Parliament, and Common Law all limited the
power of the Monarchy
John Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau all
questioned the source of power for Kings and
Queens, and they wanted to apply human
reasoning to matters of government
The power of a Monarch was limited, and more
power was put in the hands of the people
The people were dissatisfied with the Absolute
Monarch not meeting their needs, being taxed too
much, and were inspired by the thinkers of the
Enlightenment and the success of the American
Revolution to overthrow the King – the Third Estate
leads it
The Monarch is overthrown and it goes through
many different stages – it was the first time that
this happened to an Absolute Monarch – while
democracy is established, it does not last. At
the end Napoleon gains power because he
provided stability for the people
Provides order and stability in France after the
Revolution by establishing schools, setting up the
Napoleonic Code of Law, fixing the economy, and
creating a strong military; then, he began his
conquests of Europe
He took over much of Europe during his
conquests; many places adopted the Napoleonic
Code; also, his conquests fostered nationalism
in many European countries because they
wanted to be independent; finally, he fell from
power when his invasion of Russia failed due to
Russia’s cold climate
Kings and Queens began to lose power because
of the questioning spirit of the thinkers; also,
they inspired the American and French
Revolutions and provided the basis for modern
democratic government