Science scheme of work
for the State of Qatar
Grades 10 to 12
foundation
Developed for the Education Institute by CfBT
2 | Qatar science scheme of work | Grades 10 to 12 foundation
© Education Institute 2005
Contents
Background to this document
1
Introduction
5
2
Outline of the units for each grade
7
3
Units of work: Grades 10 to 12 foundation
35
Grade 10 foundation
41
Grade 10 foundation biology
45
Grade 10 foundation chemistry
89
Grade 10 foundation physics
133
Grade 11 foundation
179
Grade 11 foundation biology
183
Grade 11 foundation chemistry
227
Grade 11 foundation physics
263
Grade 12 foundation
309
Grade 12 foundation biology
313
Grade 12 foundation chemistry
355
Grade 12 foundation physics
385
3 | Qatar science scheme of work | Grades 10 to 12 foundation
The new Curriculum Standards for Arabic, English, mathematics and science lie at the
heart of Qatar’s education reforms. The standards draw on international expectations
for what students should know, understand and be able to do at each stage of their
schooling.
The new standards were introduced into Qatar’s Independent Schools in September
2004.
This optional scheme of work for science is a long-term teaching plan. It consists of
units of work for each grade showing how the standards can be taught. It has been
developed by the Centre for British Teachers (CfBT), who also developed the
standards, guided by the staff of the Education Institute.
Local curriculum specialists and teachers have helped to ensure that the scheme of
work reflects Qatari values and culture and is relevant to the needs and interests of
Qatari students.
The complete scheme of work covers Grades 1 to 12. This document contains the
materials for Grades 10 to 12 foundation. Similar documents contain the science
scheme of work for other grades.
© Education Institute 2005
Acknowledgements
Conventions used
The questions on the assessment pages include some that are based on, or are
adapted from, released items used in the international tests TIMSS (1993) or TIMSS-R
(1998), or example items for TIMSS 2003, all published by the International
Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement, The Hague, Belgium;
some have their origins in the General Certificate of Education Advanced Level
examinations administered by Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations (OCR). The
activities in the science scheme of work for Grades 10 to 12 include some drawn from
materials published by the Department for Education and Skills, England. We are
grateful to the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority for England, OCR and the
Department for Education and Skills for agreeing that these examples may be used.
Some of the activities and assessment questions include diagrams and questions from
other sources. The sources of such diagrams and questions are acknowledged on the
pages where they appear. We are grateful to those individuals, companies and
institutions who have agreed that their diagrams and questions may be used in this
publication.
The spelling conventions used in the scheme of work are based on standard British
English.
The units of measurement and abbreviations used in the scheme of work are the
Système Internationale (SI) units. They are written in their internationally recognised
form: for example, the word centimetre and its abbreviation cm are used. Thin spaces,
not commas, are used to separate groups of three digits in numbers with more than
four digits: for example, 48 746, not 48,746.
Numbers and symbols are written using Roman or Greek script. Equations and
formulae are presented from left to right.
Schools will need to make their own decisions about spelling conventions and how
numbers, symbols, equations and formulae are presented to students in lessons and
learning resources, taking account of the language of instruction and the age of the
students.
Disclaimer
We are not responsible for the actual content of any materials suggested as
information sources in this document, whether they be printed publications or on a
website. We have checked all the website references at the time of writing but the
constantly changing nature of the Internet means that some sites may alter at a later
date.
We have made every effort to trace all copyright holders. We apologise for any
acknowledgement omissions and welcome any additions or amendments for inclusion
in any reprint.
4 | Qatar science scheme of work | Grades 10 to 12 foundation
© Education Institute 2005
1
into coherent, manageable teaching units: in Grades 10 to 12 foundation,
typically about 5–15 hours of work.
Introduction
The scheme shows how the units can be distributed within each grade and
across grades in a sequence that promotes continuity and progression in
students’ learning. The units then act as a guide to teachers when they create
their lesson plans.
This introductory section is intended to give some guidance about how
schools might use the scheme of work.
Modifying the scheme of work
Decisions about how best to teach the curriculum standards are left to
schools. Each school can develop its own policies for lesson planning,
teaching and learning, and assessment, so that as many students as possible
achieve the standards expected for their grade.
Adding further material
There is no requirement for Independent Schools to use the scheme of
work. Schools may use as little or as much of it as they find helpful,
supplementing the materials or adapting them where appropriate to
meet their students’ needs and the teaching time that they have
available.
Schools that choose to use the scheme of work may decide to add further
details to it, such as:
A scheme of work
The cycle of planning, teaching and assessment is a continuous one. Good
teaching is based on good planning, and good planning is informed by
effective assessment.
Planning
There is no right or wrong way to present a scheme of work: it can be set out
in any way that is useful to teachers.
•
extra notes to help teachers to interpret the scheme of work: for example,
teaching points, references to ICT, common misunderstandings,
suggestions for extension activities and for homework;
•
more ideas for differentiated activities to cater for students who are very
able or who need extra support;
•
further assessment activities to help teachers to judge students’ progress;
•
suggestions for links that can be made across subjects such as Arabic and
English, or science and mathematics;
•
out-of-school activities that can enhance learning in school.
Changing parts of the scheme of work
Assessment
Teaching
The Qatar scheme of work for Grades 1 to 12 is a long-term plan to help
schools to achieve the aims for science, stated in the Introduction to the
standards. It interprets the new curriculum standards and translates them
5 | Qatar science scheme of work | Grades 10 to 12 foundation
Some schools may decide to modify the whole scheme of work, the units for
one or more grades, or particular units. Some possible modifications are to:
•
emphasise or expand particular parts of the scheme;
•
vary contexts, resources or activities to take account of the different
interests of boys and girls;
© Education Institute 2005
•
add to one or more units some objectives based on standards for a higher
grade in order to give students opportunities to progress more rapidly;
•
Does the scheme provide opportunities to develop ICT skills and, where
appropriate, links with other subjects, such as mathematics?
•
identify the essential supporting standards that need to be taught before
the grade-specific standards;
•
Are the resources needed to teach the scheme identified? Are these
resources appropriate to the age and ability of the students?
•
give students more time for particular aspects of the scheme, or
opportunities to revisit knowledge and skills in different contexts;
•
Does the scheme indicate the time needed to teach each unit, consistent
with your school’s timetable for science?
•
adapt activities to provide greater support for students with difficulties in
language or literacy, or for students who are being taught in English.
•
Is there enough detail in the scheme to help teachers when they plan
lessons?
•
Does the scheme allow for some flexibility when it is used?
The support provided for students with difficulties in language and literacy or
who are being taught in English could include:
•
reducing the amount of written work and reading;
•
giving students the opportunity to clarify their ideas through discussion, the
use of diagrams and other visual aids, and the use of scientific apparatus,
rather than relying on written materials.
There is more advice on teaching science in the medium of English later in
this document (see page 39).
Reviewing an existing scheme of work
Some schools may already have a scheme of work that they have developed.
These schools may want to review their scheme of work and supplement it
with parts of the scheme of work in this document.
Some questions to ask when reviewing an existing scheme of work are as
follows.
•
How firmly is the scheme linked to the standards?
•
Does it build up concepts in an organised, systematic and rigorous way?
•
Does it identify what students are expected to learn, and how students’
learning may be assessed?
•
Does it describe appropriate teaching and learning activities? Are the
activities linked to the learning that they are intended to promote?
6 | Qatar science scheme of work | Grades 10 to 12 foundation
© Education Institute 2005
2
Science scheme of work: Grade 10 foundation units
Biology: 28 hours
Outline of the units for each grade
Content of the scheme of work
The Qatar scheme of work for science:
•
draws the standards together into coherent, manageable teaching units;
•
indicates the approximate number of teaching hours for each unit;
•
orders the units across two semesters of the school year so that they build
on preceding work, link with other units and prepare students for the next
grade;
•
178 hours
1st semester
83 teaching hours
Unit 10FC.0: Revision unit
Revision of key ideas from Grade 9.
1 hour
Unit 10FP.0: Revision unit
Revision of key ideas from Grade 9.
1 hour
Unit 10FB.1: Biologically important molecules
Structure of some biological molecules. Chemical
tests for proteins, sugars and starch.
Chromatography and electrophoresis.
12 hours
Unit 10FC.1: Structure and bonding in matter
Structures of atoms. Atomic and molecular masses.
Chemical bonding. States of matter.
11 hours
Unit 10FP.1: Using physical quantities
SI units. Precision and accuracy. Assumptions in
problem solving. Vectors and scalars.
7 hours
Unit 10FB.2: Cell ultrastructure
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Cell organelles and
their functions.
9 hours
Unit 10FC.2: Water and oil
Purification techniques. Properties and fractionation
of air. Fractionation of petroleum. Hardness and
distillation of water.
6 hours
Unit 10FB.3: Enzyme action
Mechanism of enzyme action. Competitive and noncompetitive inhibition. Factors affecting enzyme
action.
7 hours
Unit 10FC.3: Obtaining chemicals
Electrolysis. Halogens. Metal extraction.
Environmental issues and recycling.
7 hours
Biology: 30 hours
The example diagram on the right shows how units of work are organised and
sequenced in the scheme of work for Grade 10.
7 | Qatar science scheme of work | Grades 10 to 12 foundation
Unit 10FB.0: Revision unit
Revision of key ideas from Grade 9.
1 hour
Unit 10FP.2: Kinematics and mechanics
Displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration. Effect
of forces on an object. Combination and resolution of
forces. Frictional and viscous forces.
10 hours
Unit 10FP.3: Behaviour of matter
Kinetic particle model. Changes of state. Thermal
expansion. Density and pressure. Hydraulics.
Flotation.
12 hours
178 hours
2nd semester
95 teaching hours
The flow of the units reflects continuity and progression in students’ learning
throughout the school year. The sequence provides one or more opportunities
to revisit particular standards or groups of standards throughout the course of
the year. This gives students the chance to consolidate their learning in a
range of contexts and to make connections between different aspects of the
subject.
The diagrams summarising the units also indicate the break between the first
and second semesters. This is a rough guide only. Schools should carry on
teaching the units regardless of when the break occurs.
Physics: 30 hours
Science scheme of work: Grade 10 foundation units
develops sufficient detail in each unit about what to teach and how to teach
it for teachers to be able to create a series of lesson plans from it.
The diagrams sequence units within the three content strands of the science
standards in Grades 10 to 12 (biology, chemistry and physics). It is anticipated
that students will follow teaching programmes in biology, chemistry and
physics concurrently.
Chemistry: 25 hours
Chemistry: 35 hours
Unit 10FB.4: DNA and protein synthesis
DNA structure and replication. The genetic code.
Protein synthesis, mRNA and tRNA.
6 hours
Unit 10FC.4: Chemical patterns
Periodicity. Trends in the periodic table (period 3,
groups I, II, VII, VIII). Transition metals.
8 hours
Unit 10FB.5: Variation in populations
Chromosomes in diploid and haploid cells. Gametes
and sexual reproduction. Environmental and genetic
variation.
9 hours
Unit 10FC.5: Acids and salts
Strong and weak acids and alkalis, pH.
Neutralisation, indicators, salts, buffers.
9 hours
Unit 10FB.6: Human health and disease
Classification of diseases and illnesses. Endemic,
epidemic and pandemic diseases. Diet, lifestyle and
health.
9 hours
Unit 10FC6: Chemistry in the environment
Carbon, nitrogen and water cycles. Atmospheric and
water pollution. Controlling and reduction of
pollutants. Global warming and climate change.
10 hours
Unit 10FB.7: Ecosystems: energy flow and
micro-organisms
Energy flow in food chains and food webs. Microorganisms and recycling. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
and mutualism.
6 hours
Unit 10FC.7: Reaction rates
Factors affecting the rate of chemical reactions.
Reaction rate and kinetic modelling. Catalysis.
Equilibria and dynamic reactions.
8 hours
Physics: 30 hours
Unit 10FP.4: Sound and waves
Pulses and travelling waves. Longitudinal and
transverse waves. Production and nature of sound
waves. Standing waves and resonance. Musical
instruments.
11 hours
Unit 10FP.5: Magnetism and electrostatics
Magnetic fields of permanent magnets. Ferromagnetic
materials. Forces between electric charges. Electric
fields.
9 hours
Unit 10FP.6: Electromagnetism
Current and charge. Conductors, semiconductors and
insulators. Electromagnetic force. DC motor. Hall
effect.
10 hours
The diagrams illustrate only one way of grouping the standards and ordering
the teaching units for the grades. Schools can decide:
•
to use this model in full;
•
not to use the model; or
•
to customise individual units or vary the order to suit their own
circumstances.
© Education Institute 2005
8 | Qatar science scheme of work | Grades 10 to 12 foundation
© Education Institute 2005