HIGH SCHOOL HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CONTENT STANDARDS
TOPIC 1: HOMEOSTASIS AND THE LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY
UNIT : LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
The students will define the characteristics and needs common to all living things, and the
manner in which the human body is organized to accomplish life processes.
LEARNER OUTCOMES
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Define anatomy and physiology
and explain their relationship
Describe various levels of
structural organization within the
human body, and explain how
they are related
Define and identify the
importance of homeostasis to
health and describe an example
of a homeostatic mechanism
Use proper anatomical
terminology to describe
directional terms, body regions,
planes of reference and body
cavities
Identify correct organ systems for
each organ using a human torso
model or diagrams
Identify major body cavities and
the organs within
INDICATORS OF LEARNING
Lab 1: Scientific Method and Measurements
Lab 2: Body Organization and Terminology
TEXT/RESOURCES
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Laboratory Manual, 9th edition
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Student Study Guide (SG)
Online Learning Center (OLC) (quizzes, website
links, clinical applications, interactive activities,
labeling activities)
Marieb, Elaine N., anatomy and Physiology
Coloring Workbook (CW)
EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS
Human skeleton
Dissectible torso (manikin
HIGH SCHOOL HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CONTENT STANDARDS
TOPIC 2: CELLS
UNIT: LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
An understanding of cell structure is basic to understanding how cells support life at the
cellular and organismic levels
LEARNER OUTCOMES
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Describe the structure of the
plasma membrane and how
structure relates to function
Identify the major organelles of a
cell, their structure and their
function
Define the types of movement
through a membrane, including
osmosis, active transport,
diffusion, facilitated diffusion,
filtration, endocytosis, and
exocytosis
Identify and describe the stages
of mitosis and cytokinesis
Locate, identify and describe the
function of major parts of a
compound microscope
Demonstrate proper care and use
of a microscope by examining
cheek cells
Distinguish between hypertonic,
hypotonic and isotonic solutions
and describe their impact on cells
INDICATORS OF LEARNING
Lab 3: Care and use of the Compound
Microscope
Lab 4: Cell Structure and Function
Lab 5: Movements Through Cell Membranes
(Parts A, B, D)
Lab 6: The Cell Cycle
TEXT/RESOURCES
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Laboratory Manual, 9th edition
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Student Study Guide (SG)
Online Learning Center (OLC) (quizzes, website
links, clinical applications, interactive activities,
labeling activities)
Marieb, Elaine N., anatomy and Physiology
Coloring Workbook (CW)
EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS
Slides of 3 colored threads
Methylene blue stain or iodine-potassium-iodide
stain
Animal cell model
Slides of human tissues
Petri dishes
Potassium permanganate crystals
Thistle tube
Selectively permeable membranes (dialysis
tubing)
Glass funnel
Powdered charcoal
Glucose
Benedict’s Solution
Animal mitosis models
Microscope slides of whitefish mitosis (blastula)
Slide of human chromosomes from leukocytes in
mitosis
HIGH SCHOOL HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CONTENT STANDARDS
TOPIC 3: TISSUES
UNIT: Levels of Organization
The characteristics of a tissue remain the same regardless of where it occurs in the body.
Knowledge of these characteristics is basic to understanding how a specific tissue contributes
to the function of an organ.
LEARNER OUTCOMES
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Identify the four primary tissue
families of the body (epithelial,
connective, muscular, nervous)
and their chief subcategories.
Explain how the four major tissue
types differ structurally and
functionally.
Discuss the process of tissue
repair and the inflammatory
response
Examine and differentiate
between various kinds of tissue
using a microscope and
prepared slides including:
epithelial: squamous, stratified,
cuboidal, columnar, and
transitional
connective: adipose, blood,
cartilage, bone, dense,
areolar
nervous: neuron, neuroglia
muscular: smooth, skeletal,
cardiac
State the location of the tissue
types in the body
INDICATORS OF LEARNING
Lab 7: Epithelial Tissues
Lab 8: Connective Tissues
Lab 9: Muscle and Nervous Tissues
TEXT/RESOURCES
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Laboratory Manual, 9th edition
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Student Study Guide (SG)
Online Learning Center (OLC) (quizzes, website
links, clinical applications, interactive activities,
labeling activities)
Marieb, Elaine N., anatomy and Physiology
Coloring Workbook (CW)
EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS
Prepared slides of
-simple squamous epithelium (lung)
-simple cuboidal epithelium (kidney)
-simple columnar epithelium (small intestine)
-pseudostatified (ciliated) columnar epithelium
(trachea)
-stratified squamous epithelium (esophagus)
-transitional epithelium (bladder)
-loose (areolar) connective tissue
-dense connective tissue
-adipose tissue
-hyaline cartilage
-elastic cartilage
-fibrocartilage
-bone (compact, ground, cross-section)
-blood (human)
-skeletal muscle
-cardiac muscle
-nervous tissue (spinal cord and-or cerebellum)
HIGH SCHOOL HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CONTENT STANDARDS
TOPIC 4: SKIN AND BODY MEMBRANES
UNIT: LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
Knowledge of membranes and the integumentary system is essential to understanding how
the body controls interactions between internal and external environments.
LEARNER OUTCOMES
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List the general functions of each
membrane type-cutaneous,
mucous, serous, and synovial-and
give its location in the body
Compare the structure (tissue
makeup)of the major membrane
types
Summarize the functions of the
skin and explain how these
functions are accomplished
Describe the structure and
function of the dermis and
epidermal layers
Name the factors that determine
skin color, and describe the
function of melanin.
Name the glands of the skin, their
function, and describe the
secretions they produce
(sebaceous, sweat, apocrine,
eccrine)
Describe the accessory organs of
the skin and their function (nails,
hair)
Identify some health disorders of
the integumentary system and
their causes such as skin cancer,
burns, acne
Distinguish between the
epidermis, dermis and
subcutaneous layers of the skin
using anatomical structures and
function
Identify the layers of the skin, hair
follicles and glands in a prepared
slide and diagram
INDICATORS OF LEARNING
Lab 10: Integumentary System
TEXT/RESOURCES
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Laboratory Manual, 9th edition
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Student Study Guide (SG)
Online Learning Center (OLC) (quizzes, website
links, clinical applications, interactive activities,
labeling activities)
Marieb, Elaine N., anatomy and Physiology
Coloring Workbook (CW)
EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS
Slides of human scalp or axilla
Forceps
HIGH SCHOOL HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CONTENT STANDARDS
TOPIC 5: SKELETAL SYSTEM
UNIT: SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
The skeleton is arranged to facilitate support and movement of the body as well as protection of
vital organs. Bones also store essential nutrients.
LEARNER OUTCOMES
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List and explain the function of the
skeletal system
Differentiate between the basic
structure of compact and
cancellous bone
Identify microscopic bone
structures including Haversian
systems, osteocytes, osteoclasts,
osteoblasts, bone matrix,
periosteum
Explain the process of bone
formation, growth and repair
List and identify the bones which
make up the appendicular and
axial skeleton
Describe some disorders and
diseases affecting the skeletal
system such as osteomalacia,
rickets, osteoarthritis,
rheumatoid arthritis,
compound/simple fractures,
bursitis, osteoporosis
Distinguish between the axial
skeleton and the appendicular
skeleton
Locate and name the major bones
of the human skeleton
Distinguish by examination the
different types of vertebrae
Identify bones and their major
processes from an assembled
and disarticulated skeleton
INDICATORS OF LEARNING
Lab 12: Organization of the Skeleton
Select sections from each of the following labs:
Lab 13: The skull
Lab 14: Vertebral Column and Thoracic Cage
Lab 15: Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb
Lab 16: Pectoral Girdle and Lower Limb
TEXT/RESOURCES
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Laboratory Manual, 9th edition
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Student Study Guide (SG)
Online Learning Center (OLC) (quizzes, website
links, clinical applications, interactive activities,
labeling activities)
Marieb, Elaine N., anatomy and Physiology
Coloring Workbook (CW)
EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS
Human long bone, sectioned longitudinally
Slide of ground, compact bone
Human skeleton
Human skull
HIGH SCHOOL HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CONTENT STANDARDS
TOPIC 6: ARTICULATIONS
UNIT: SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
Movement is a characteristic of living things, and the type of joint dictates the possible motions.
LEARNER OUTCOMES
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Describe and locate the different
types of joints including synovial,
fibrous, and cartilaginous, and
compare the amount of movement
allowed by each
Distinguish between the following
movements: flexion/extension,
rotation/circumduction,
abduction/adduction, and
supination/pronation
compare major categories of
joints as to their structure and
mobility
Demonstrate or identify the
various body movements
INDICATORS OF LEARNING
Lab 17: The Joints
TEXT/RESOURCES
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Laboratory Manual, 9th edition
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Student Study Guide (SG)
Online Learning Center (OLC) (quizzes, website
links, clinical applications, interactive activities,
labeling activities)
Marieb, Elaine N., anatomy and Physiology
Coloring Workbook (CW)
EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS
Knee joint model
HIGH SCHOOL HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CONTENT STANDARDS
TOPIC 7: MUSCULAR SYSTEM
UNIT: SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
Knowledge of muscle characteristics and functions is essential to understanding movement and
posture, as well as providing a foundation for the study of other organ systems.
LEARNER OUTCOMES
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Describe similarities and
differences in the structure and
function of the three types of
muscle tissue, and indicate where
they are found in the body
Describe the gross and
microscopic anatomy of skeletal
muscle
Describe how an action potential
is initiated in a muscle cell and the
events of muscle cell contraction
Describe graded response,
tetanus, isotonic and isometric
contractions, and muscle tone as
these terms apply to a skeletal
muscle
Identify some human superficial
muscles including their name,
origin, insertion , antagonist
muscle group, and primary action
List and describe some
problems/diseases of the
muscular system such as cerebral
palsy, muscular dystrophy, and
the use of anabolic steroids
Identify and describe each type of
muscle tissue microscopically
Name and locate the major
structures of a skeletal muscle
fiber
Distinguish between the origin
and insertion of a muscle
Describe the general actions of
prime movers, synergists, and
antagonists
INDICATORS OF LEARNING
Lab 18: Skeletal Muscle Structure
Select sections from each of the following labs:
Lab 19: Muscles of the Face, Head, and Neck
Lab 20: Muscles of the Chest, shoulder, and
Upper Limb
Lab 21: Muscles of the Abdominal Wall and
Pelvic Outlet
Lab 22: Muscles of the Hip and Lower Limb
TEXT/RESOURCES
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Laboratory Manual, 9th edition
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Student Study Guide (SG)
Online Learning Center (OLC) (quizzes, website
links, clinical applications, interactive activities,
labeling activities)
Marieb, Elaine N., anatomy and Physiology
Coloring Workbook (CW)
EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS
Slide of skeletal muscle
Torso with musculature
Model of skeletal muscle fiber
Human skull
Human skeleton
Muscular models of male and female pelvis
Muscular models of lower and upper limbs
HIGH SCHOOL HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CONTENT STANDARDS
TOPIC 8: NERVOUS SYSTEM
UNIT: REGULATION AND INTEGRATION
The nervous system coordinates and integrates the functions of other body systems so that
they function normally and homeostasis is maintained.
LEARNER OUTCOMES
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Name and describe the functions
of the two major divisions of the
nervous system
Describe the structure of neurons
and the function of their
components
Explain how a nerve impulse is
conducted along a neuron as well
as from one neuron to another
(resting potential, action potential,
synaptic transmission)
List the parts of a reflex arc and
describe its function
Discuss the meningeal layers of
the central nervous system
Name the major parts of the brain
and spinal cord and state the
function of each
Discuss the formation of
cerebrospinal fluid and its
circulation
Contrast the structure and
function of the autonomic and
somatic nervous system
INDICATORS OF LEARNING
Lab 23: Nervous Tissue and Nerves
Lab 24: The Reflex Arc and Reflexes
Select sections from each of the following labs:
Lab 25: the Meninges and spinal Cord
Lab 26: The Brain and Cranial Nerves
TEXT/RESOURCES
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Laboratory Manual, 9th edition
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Student Study Guide (SG)
Online Learning Center (OLC) (quizzes, website
links, clinical applications, interactive activities,
labeling activities)
Marieb, Elaine N., anatomy and Physiology
Coloring Workbook (CW)
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Distinguish between sympathetic
and parasympathetic divisions of
the autonomic system
Identify disorders of the nervous
system and their causes such as
Parkinson’s disease, multiple
sclerosis, tetanus, Alzheimer’s,
strokes, poliomyelitis
Distinguish between neurons and
neuroglial cells on prepared slides
Identify the major parts of a
neuron on slides or diagrams
Demonstrate several reflex
actions
Identify important anatomical
areas on a spinal cord such as
nerve plexuses, connective tissue
coverings, and white/grey matter
EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS
Neuron model
Prepared slides of
-spinal cord (smear)
-dorsal root ganglion (section)
-neuroglial cells (astrocytes)
-peripheral nerve (cross section and longitudinal
section)
-spinal cord cross section with spinal nerve roots
rubber percussion hammer
spinal cord model
dissectible model of human brain
anatomical charts of human brain
[preserved sheep brain, dissecting tray and
instruments for advanced lab]
HIGH SCHOOL HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CONTENT STANDARDS
TOPIC 9: SOMATIC AND SPECIAL SENSES
UNIT: REGULATION AND INTEGRATION
The senses allow the body to assess and adjust to the environment in order to support life.
LEARNER OUTCOMES
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Distinguish between somatic
senses and special senses
Name the five kinds of receptors
and explain their functions
Explain the relationship between
the senses of smell and taste
and the mechanism for each
Name the parts of the ear and
the function of each
Name the parts of the eye and
the function of each
Identify the major ear structures
Trace the pathway of sound
vibrations from the tympanic
membrane to the hearing
receptors
Identify the major eye structures
List the structures through which
light passes as it travels from the
cornea to the retina
INDICATORS OF LEARNING
Lab 28: The Ear and Hearing
Lab 29: The Eye (Procedure A)
TEXT/RESOURCES
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Laboratory Manual, 9th edition
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Student Study Guide (SG)
Online Learning Center (OLC) (quizzes, website
links, clinical applications, interactive activities,
labeling activities)
Marieb, Elaine N., anatomy and Physiology
Coloring Workbook (CW)
EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS
Dissectible ear model
Dissectible eye model
Rubber hammer
[sheep or beef eye (preserved), dissecting tray
and instruments, snellen eye chart, astigmatism
chart, Ishikawa’s or Ishihara’s color plates for color
blindness-for advanced labs]
HIGH SCHOOL HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CONTENT STANDARDS
TOPIC 10: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
UNIT: REGULATION AND INTEGRATION
The endocrine system controls and regulates metabolic processes to maintain a relatively
constant internal environment and yet meet the changing needs of the body
LEARNER OUTCOMES

Name and locate the major
endocrine glands and tissues of
the body from a model or
diagram
 Differentiate between the effects
of steroid and non-steroid
hormones on target cells
 List hormones produced by the
endocrine glands and the
physiological effects of each
 Describe how the hypothalamus
regulates hormone secretion
from the pituitary gland
 Describe pathological
consequences of hypersecretion
and hyposecretion of various
hormones
 Describe and give an example of
a negative feedback mechanism
in hormonal production and
control
Optional: examine glandular tissue under
a microscope
INDICATORS OF LEARNING
Lab 31: Endocrine System
TEXT/RESOURCES
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Laboratory Manual, 9th edition
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Student Study Guide (SG)
Online Learning Center (OLC) (quizzes, website
links, clinical applications, interactive activities,
labeling activities)
Marieb, Elaine N., anatomy and Physiology
Coloring Workbook (CW)
EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS
Human torso model
Prepared slides of
-pituitary gland
-thyroid gland
-parathyroid gland
-adrenal gland
-pancreas
HIGH SCHOOL HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CONTENT STANDARDS
TOPIC 11: BLOOD
UNIT: TRANSPORT
The structure of blood helps meet the oxygenation needs of the cells, allows recognition and
rejection of foreign protein, and controls the coagulation of blood.
LEARNER OUTCOMES
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List the functions of blood
Describe the structure, function
and life cycle of erythrocytes
Identify the various types of
leukocytes and the role each plays
in the body
Describe the components of
plasma and give their functions
Describe the major events of
hemostasis
Explain the basis of ABO and Rh
incompatibilities
Identify various disorders of the
blood such as anemia, leukemia,
hemophilia, polycythemia
Examine blood cells, identifying
erythrocytes and the five types of
leukocytes
Perform a differential white blood
cell count and give examples of
disorders that produce abnormal
blood test values
INDICATORS OF LEARNING
Lab 32: Blood Cells (Procedure A and B)
Optional: Understanding the Genetics of Blood
Groups Using Neo/Blood (NeoSci #20-2133)
TEXT/RESOURCES
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Laboratory Manual, 9th edition
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Student Study Guide (SG)
Online Learning Center (OLC) (quizzes, website
links, clinical applications, interactive activities,
labeling activities)
Marieb, Elaine N., anatomy and Physiology
Coloring Workbook (CW)
EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS
Prepared slides of
-human blood (wright’s stain)
[slides of eosinophilia, leukocytosis, leucopenia,
lymphocytosis, leukemia, anemia for advanced
labs]
HIGH SCHOOL HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CONTENT STANDARDS
TOPIC 12: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
UNIT: TRANSPORT
In conjunction with blood and the respiratory system, the cardiovascular system transports
oxygen and nutrients to the cells, and transports wastes away from the cells.
LEARNER OUTCOMES
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Describe the structure and
function of the heart
Describe the flow of blood through
the heart, naming each chamber,
valve, and vessel through which
the blood passes
Explain the structure and function
of the conduction system of the
heart
Distinguish between systemic,
cardiac, and pulmonary circulation
Describe the intrinsic and extrinsic
regulation of the heart
Distinguish between an artery,
vein, and capillary based on
structure, location, and function
Describe the exchange of material
across the capillary membrane
Explain the mechanisms of return
of venous blood to the heart
Describe how blood pressure is
created, monitored, and controlled
INDICATORS OF LEARNING
Lab 35: Structure of the Heart (Procedure A)
Select sections from the following labs:
Lab 37: Blood Vessels
Lab 38: Pulse Rate and Blood Pressure
Lab 39: Major Arteries and Veins
TEXT/RESOURCES
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Laboratory Manual, 9th edition
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Student Study Guide (SG)
Online Learning Center (OLC) (quizzes, website
links, clinical applications, interactive activities,
labeling activities)
Marieb, Elaine N., anatomy and Physiology
Coloring Workbook (CW)
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Identify some major vessels of the
body and the areas they service
Identify various disorders such as
tachycardia, heart murmurs,
pericarditis, coronary heart
disease, heart failure, aneurysm,
hypertension, arteriosclerosis
Identify major structural features
of the heart using a model
Examine pulse, determine pulse
rates
If possible, use a stethoscope to
identify cardiac cycle sounds and
a sphygmomanometer to measure
blood pressure
Locate major arteries and veins in
the pulmonary and systemic
circuits using a chart or model
Distinguish between a cross
section of an artery and vein
microscopically
EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS
Dissectible human heart model
Prepared slides of
-artery cross section
-vein cross section
sphygmomanometer
human torso
anatomical charts of cardiovascular system
[preserved sheep or other mammalian heart,
dissecting tray and instruments, stethoscope, 70%
alcohol for advance labs]
HIGH SCHOOL HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CONTENT STANDARDS
TOPIC 13: LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
UNIT: PROTECTION
The lymphatic system transports fluid to and from the tissues to maintain fluid balance in the
body’s tissues. It plays a major role in defense against pathogens.
LEARNER OUTCOMES

Describe the structure and
principal functions of the lymph
system
 Describe how lymph is formed
and transported
 Name three lymphatic organs and
explain the functions of each
 Locate and identify the major
lymphatic pathways
 Describe the structure of a lymph
node
 Identify the major microscopic
structures of a lymph node,
thymus, and spleen
INDICATORS OF LEARNING
Lab 40: Lymphatic System
TEXT/RESOURCES
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Laboratory Manual, 9th edition
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Student Study Guide (SG)
Online Learning Center (OLC) (quizzes, website
links, clinical applications, interactive activities,
labeling activities)
Marieb, Elaine N., anatomy and Physiology
Coloring Workbook (CW)
EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS
Human torso
Anatomical chart of lymphatic system
Prepared slides of
-lymph node section
-human thymus section
-human spleen section
HIGH SCHOOL HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CONTENT STANDARDS
TOPIC 14: IMMUNE SYSTEM
UNIT: PROTECTION
In conjunction with the lymphatic system, the immune system’s mechanisms defend the body
against specific threats.
LEARNER OUTCOMES
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Distinguish between innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific)
defenses and provide examples of
each
Differentiate between antibody
and antigen
Compare the functions of the Band T-cell lymphocytes
Discuss the relationship between
the HIV virus and the immune
system
diseases, AIDS
INDICATORS OF LEARNING
SG 120-124
TEXT/RESOURCES
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Laboratory Manual, 9th edition
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Student Study Guide (SG)
Online Learning Center (OLC) (quizzes, website
links, clinical applications, interactive activities,
labeling activities)
Marieb, Elaine N., anatomy and Physiology
Coloring Workbook (CW)
EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS
None required
HIGH SCHOOL HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CONTENT STANDARDS
TOPIC 15: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
UNIT: NUTRIENT AND GAS EXCHANGE
Knowledge of the digestive systems illustrates how fuel is made available for metabolism, which
enables the cells to function, grow, and reproduce.
LEARNER OUTCOMES
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Describe the location and
functions of the organs of the
alimentary canal
Explain the difference between
mechanical and enzymatic
digestion and the organs which
perform each
Describe mastication, deglutition,
and peristalsis
Label the parts of a typical tooth
and describe the functions of the
different types of teeth
Explain the role of the accessory
organs in the digestive process,
including the salivary glands,
pancreas, gall bladder, and liver
Discuss the functions and sources
of the major enzymes including
amylase, pepsin, lipase, trypsin,
proteases
List the stomach secretions,
describe their functions, and
explain how each is regulated
INDICATORS OF LEARNING
Lab 41: Organs of the Digestive System
Lab 42: Action of a Digestive Enzyme
TEXT/RESOURCES
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Laboratory Manual, 9th edition
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Student Study Guide (SG)
Online Learning Center (OLC) (quizzes, website
links, clinical applications, interactive activities,
labeling activities)
Marieb, Elaine N., anatomy and Physiology
Coloring Workbook (CW)
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Identify the major components of
pancreatic secretion, their
functions and how they are
regulated
Describe bile, its source,
composition, function and
regulation
List the major functions of the liver
List the anatomical and
histological characteristics of the
small intestine that account for its
large surface area
List the anatomical and
histological characteristics and
functions of the large intestine
Explain the hepatic portal system
and its relation to the digestive
system
Describe the processes of
carbohydrate, lipid, and protein
digestion, absorption, and
metabolism
Describe the diseases/disorders
of the digestive system such as
heartburn, gastric/duodenal
ulcers, hepatitis, appendicitis,
jaundice, cirrhosis, constipation,
diarrhea
Locate and identify digestive and
accessory organs with a model
Describe the histology of the
gastrointestinal wall, including the
four layers, villi, and microvilli
Investigate the action of
pancreatic enzymes on
carbohydrates and/or lipids and
the effect of temperature on
enzymatic activity
EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS
Human torso
Skull with teeth
Teeth, sectioned
Tooth model, sectioned
Prepared slides of
-parotid gland (salivary gland)
-esophagus
-stomach (fundus)
-small intestine (jejunum)
-large intestine
amylase (sugar free)
distilled water
pipets-1 ml and 10 ml
pipet rubber bulbs
iodine-potassium-iodide solution
waterbath
porcelain test plate
benedict’s solution
hot plates
HIGH SCHOOL HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CONTENT STANDARDS
TOPIC 16: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
UNIT: NUTRIENT AND GAS EXCHANGE
Knowledge of how air is taken into the lungs and oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged, as
well as how this is controlled, is vital to understanding how cells produce energy to sustain life.
LEARNER OUTCOMES
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Name the structures and describe
the functions of the upper and
lower respiratory tracts
Identify respiratory air volumes
during normal and forceful
breathing efforts
Describe the mechanisms
responsible for inspiration and
expiration, including pressure
changes, muscular contractions,
and nervous control
Explain how alterations in blood
carbon dioxide levels, blood pH,
and blood oxygen levels effect
respiration
Discuss the role of partial
pressure in the exchange of
gasses in lungs and tissues
Explain the role of hemoglobin in
the transport of gases
Describe three ways in which
carbon dioxide is carried in the
blood
Identify respiratory problems and
causes of conditions such as
tuberculosis, emphysema,
asthma, pneumonia, pleurisy, lung
cancer, hyperventilation, and
cystic fibrosis
Label the major respiratory
system structures on a diagram or
model
Recognize ciliated epithelium and
lung tissue on a microscopic slide
Trace the movement of air
through the respiratory tract
INDICATORS OF LEARNING
Lab 43: Organs of the Respiratory System
TEXT/RESOURCES
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Laboratory Manual, 9th edition
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Student Study Guide (SG)
Online Learning Center (OLC) (quizzes, website
links, clinical applications, interactive activities,
labeling activities)
Marieb, Elaine N., anatomy and Physiology
Coloring Workbook (CW)
EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS
Human skull (sagittal section)
Human torso
Larynx model
Thoracic organs model
Prepared slides of
-trachea (cross section)
-lung, human
HIGH SCHOOL HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CONTENT STANDARDS
TOPIC 17: URINARY SYSTEM
UNIT: WASTE REMOVAL
The urinary system helps maintain homeostasis be excreting nitrogenous waste products and
selectively excreting or retaining water and electrolytes.
LEARNER OUTCOMES
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List the organs of the urinary system
and state a function of each
Describe the structure and location of
the nephron within the kidney and
explain the functions of its parts
Trace the path of blood through the
renal blood vessels
Explain the production and
composition of glomerular filtrate
Identify principal factors that influence
filtration pressure and explain how
they affect the rate of filtration
Trace the path of filtrate through a
renal tubule
Explain tubular reabsorption and
secretion and how they affect the
composition of urine
Explain the regulation of urine
concentration and volume dealing with
hormonal, neural, and chemical
controls
Describe the micturition reflex
Discuss disorders such as renal
failure, dialysis, kidney stones, and
cystitis
Describe the location of the kidneys
Locate and identify the gross
anatomical features of a kidney using
a model or diagram
Describe the features of a nephron
and locate them in a model
Conduct urinalysis tests and use them
to determine the substances present
in a urine specimen
INDICATORS OF LEARNING
Lab 45: Structure of the Kidney
Lab 46: Urinalysis
TEXT/RESOURCES
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Laboratory Manual, 9th edition
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Student Study Guide (SG)
Online Learning Center (OLC) (quizzes, website
links, clinical applications, interactive activities,
labeling activities)
Marieb, Elaine N., anatomy and Physiology
Coloring Workbook (CW)
EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS
Human torso
Kidney model
Urinometer cylinder and hydrometer
Reagent strips (Chemstrip or Multistix) for
presence ofg lucose, ketones, protein, bilirubin,
hemoglobin/occult blood
Centrifuge
Centrifuge tubes
Sedi-stain
Normal and abnormal simulated urine specimens
[preserved pig or sheep kidney, dissecting tray
and instruments, prepared slide of kidney section
for advanced lab]
HIGH SCHOOL HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CONTENT STANDARDS
TOPIC 18: MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
UNIT: REPRODUCTION
Reproductive systems are essential to the survival of the species, but ot to survival of the
individual. Understanding the processes of sexual function provides an enlightened
understanding of humans as sexual beings.
LEARNER OUTCOMES
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Name the parts of the male and
female reproductive system and their
functions
Describe the structure of the testes
and ovaries and the formation of
gametes
Describe the route sperm cells follow
from the site of their production to
outside the body
Describe the structure of the penis
Explain the hormonal control of male
and female reproduction
Describe the process of ovulation and
fertilization
Trace the pathway of an egg after
ovulation
List major events of the menstrual
cycle
Discuss disorders such as breast
cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease,
infertility, prostate cancer, and
sexually transmitted diseases
Examine microscopic structures of
mammalian ovary and sperm, relating
structure to function
Locate and name the structures of the
male and female reproductive
systems using a model or diagram
Describe the effects of FSH and LH
on ovarian and testicular function
INDICATORS OF LEARNING
Lab 47: Male Reproductive System
Lab 48: Female Reproductive System
TEXT/RESOURCES
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Laboratory Manual, 9th edition
Glencoe: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology Student Study Guide (SG)
Online Learning Center (OLC) (quizzes, website
links, clinical applications, interactive activities,
labeling activities)
Marieb, Elaine N., anatomy and Physiology
Coloring Workbook (CW)
EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS
Human torso
Models of male and female reproductive systems
Anatomical charts of male and female
reproductive systems
Prepared slides of
-epididymis, cross-section
-penis, cross section
-testis section
-ovary with maturing follicles
-uterine tube, cross section
-uterine wall section