UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PRORAMME
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY
PROPOSAL FOR FUNDING
PREPARATION OF NATIONAL ADAPTATION PROGRAM OF ACTION
COUNTRY NAME:
Bangladesh
PROJECT TITLE:
Formulation of the Bangladesh Program of
Action for Adaptation to Climate Change
GEF IMPLEMENTING AGENCY:
United Nations Development Programme
GEF OPERATIONAL FOCAL POINT:
Secretary, Ministry of Environment and
Forests (MOEF)
CLIMATE CHANGE FOCAL POINT:
Secretary, Ministry of Environment and
Forests (MOEF)
NATIONAL EXECUTING AGENCY:
Ministry of Environment and Forests
(MOEF)
COUNTRY ELIGIBILITY:
(i) LDC STATUS
Bangladesh is classified as a LDC
(ii) DATE OF UNFCCC RATIFICATION
15 April 1994
GEF FINANCING:
US$ 200,000
GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTION:
US$ 50,000 (in-kind)
ESTIMATED TOTAL BUDGET:
US$ 250,000
ESTIMATED STARTING DATE:
May 2003
DURATION:
18 months
1
1. BACKGROUND
Bangladesh is a country situated on the northeastern side of South Asia bounded by India on the
west and the north, by India and Myanmar on the east and by the Bay of Bengal on the South
(see Map). The country has an area of 147,570 km2 and bounded by 4,685 kms of land, river and
sea lines. It is divided into 3 broad categories of physiographic regions: tertiary hills, pleistocene
uplands and recent alluvial plains. The land surface in most part of the country is very flat
because of its deltaic location with most elevations less than 10 m above sea level.
Numerous rivers, small channels and backwaters intersect the country’s plain lands. Much of the
present plain was originally an estuary, which was filled up by the combined drainage system of
the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers (total length of drainage channel is estimated at
more than 200,000 kms). These rivers continuously enrich the alluvial soil of the plains with
heavy silt deposits. Thus, the rivers are of utmost importance in developing the country’s vast
flat alluvial land and in directly and indirectly influencing the economic activities through their
impact on agriculture.
The country has a typical monsoon climate as the monsoon wind, to a large extent, determines
the country’s rainfall and temperature. There are 3 distinct seasons: winter (November to
February), which is relatively cool, sunny and dry; summer (March to May), which is very hot
and sunny with occasional showers; and, rainy season (June to October), which warm, cloudy
and wet. The humidity is generally high throughout the year, as even in the winter months it
varies from about 70 to 85%. Average annual temperature ranges from 19oC to 29oC. In summer
months, the maximum temperature ranges from 30oC to 36oC. April is the hottest month. Annual
rainfall varies from 1,429 to 4,338 mm. On average, the country receives about 2,500 mm of
rainfall per year.
Geographically, the country is located in one of the most hazard-prone areas of the world.
Several types of natural calamities such as tropical cyclones, storm surges, monsoon floods and
river erosions occur frequently and often affect the country adversely. The country is a land of
water, with its 230 rivers extending to a total length of 24,140 kms. Flood (i.e., flash, monsoon,
rain and coastal floods) affects 80% of the land area.
The latest population census reveals a population of 123.1 million in the country in 2001, with
the average annual population growth rate at 1.47% (1991-2001). Population density is very high
at 834 persons/km2. Over 76% of the population lives in rural areas. However, urbanization is
growing fast at 6-7% per year. The country is one of the poorest and least developed countries in
the world with a 1999 GNP/capita of US$370 (compared to US$ 581 in South Asia).
Agriculture, which accounts for 25.3% of GDP, is particularly vulnerable to climate change.
Several studies have been made in the late 80s and during the 90s to assess the country’s
vulnerability to climate change and climate variability, and proposed measures to adapt to such
phenomena. These findings include the following:
2

Temperature – The observed temperature in the country has so far shown a small but
discernable downward trend in the past 4 decades. Predictions of average warming of 1.5 oC
by 2070 will be of great significance. Except for the northwest, in all regions in the country
the warming will take
the mean temperature back to the level of the 50s. Highest maximum temperature will also
exceed the 30-year maximum of 41oC by nearly 2.5oC.

Rainfall – Annual rainfall appears to be increasing at a rate of <1% per year, a trend, which if
it persists will raise the average rainfall by 4% by 2010 and by 16% by 2070. Two
implications of such increases will be shifting of rainfall distribution and increase run-off.
The first impact will increase the probabilities of extremely wet years but will lower that of
drought.

Water resources – These are expected to be augmented due to increased monsoon rainfall in
South Asia. It will however, aggravate the problems of flood and drainage congestion. In
general, a 10% increase in rainfall will increase the run-off depth by 18% and 22%
depending on the region. The increased run-off depths will aggravate existing drainage
problems and create new ones. As a result, the land classification by flood depth will also
change, and unless ameliorative measures are taken, will change the cropping patterns by the
farmers.

Agriculture – Climate change in Bangladesh will influence plant behaviors and productivity,
particularly the staple crop – rice. Its growth rate will be affected, i.e., its capacity to
assimilate carbon, water availability in the soil, temperature and light intensity will be
affected. On the whole, it is difficult to speculate at the present state of knowledge as to the
direction and magnitude in which rice yield will be affected as a result of climate change.
With a doubling of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere, a 5% increase in agronomic
potential yield is possible. But agriculture may face much of its problems due to the changes
in coastal zone, particularly the potential of sea level rise.

Cost Zone and Sea Level Rise – Predictions have been made of a 9 cm rise along the
Bangladesh coast by 2010 and a 45 cm rise by 2070. While a 9 cm rise by 2010 can be
absorbed within seasonal variations, a 45 cm rise by 2070 will affect about 11% of the
coastal areas and 5% of the population. Sea level rise is expected to create several second
round impacts. People will move out of the affected coastal zones and urbanization will
become more rapid than the present 6-7% per annum. This will create severe upward
pressure on the demand for food, energy and housing. There would also be loss of
agricultural land due to permanent inundation, leading to loss of output, income and
employment. It will also lead to aggravation of the present biomass crisis as mangroves in
coastal areas will be partially or totally lost, and loss of biodiversity will be immeasurable.

Economic Development – If only direct influences are considered, economic impacts at this
time may not seem too large. Only about 5% of GDP maybe lost while output losses in rice
3
production due to sea level rise may not be perceptible before 2010. By 2030, losses can
become substantial in the order of 14-24% of output of affected districts. The social costs of
such output losses will be very significant.
Based on the vulnerability and adaptation (V&A) assessments that have been conducted, the
country is now seriously considering anticipatory measures that will prevent or at least lessen the
impacts of climate change. Climate change and its direct and indirect effects are amongst the key
environmental and development issues that the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) is seriously
addressing. The GoB is very much aware and concerned about environmental degradation and
global warming and their detrimental effects particularly on least developed countries (LDCs)
like Bangladesh. Sea level rise, which is among the real threats of climate change, is among the
country’s immediate concerns. The country has endeavored to plan its development in a
sustainable manner, ensuring that sound environmental assessment is an integral part of national,
regional and sectoral planning exercises, and that development activities are subject to sound
environmental management regimes and practices.
As part of its efforts to address climate change and related issues, the country has implemented
and completed a number of activities, and has become party to many multilateral environmental
agreements (MEAs). Among these is the UNFCCC, which represented one of the country’s first
steps forward in terms of commitment to addressing climate change and related issues.
Bangladesh is also a Party to many other UN conventions, including: (1) United Nations
Convention to Combat Desertification; 2) Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety; (3) Kyoto Protocol
to the Framework Convention; and, (4) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.
In addition, a number of national environmental and related policies have been prepared and
adopted by the government, to guide the implementation of initiatives that address environmental
issues, including climate variability and change.
The various projects/studies in the 80s and 90s funded by the World Bank, Asian Development
Bank, the Governments of US, Netherlands, etc., have brought to light the vulnerability of the
country to various impacts of climate change, and have presented various measures to adapt to
climate change. The government is assessing the idea of improving the resilience and
preparedness through adaptive regimes.
The Initial National Communication (INC) to UNFCCC of Bangladesh has identified various
sectors that are vulnerable to climate change. The INC also suggested sectoral adaptation
measures, most of which constituted “no regrets” strategies. Bangladesh’s NAPA will build on
these and other findings (including those in previous V&A studies) to identify and implement
those adaptation activities requiring immediate and urgent action. These activities will be
integrated within national and local economic and social development goals, plans and
frameworks, especially in relation to rural citizens, the urban poor and other more vulnerable
members and other facets of the community.
2. INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT
4
Various institutions (Annex 1) in the country are potential players/actors in the formulation and
implementation of the country’s National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA). Although their
participation in the preparation and promotion of the NAPA will be valuable, their specific levels
of involvement will depend on the priority sectors and adaptation activities that will be covered
in the NAPA.
The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) is the government agency that is responsible
for the planning and execution of all activities on environmental protection, preservation, and
management. It is both the GEF and UNFCCC National Focal Point.
The MOEF is mandated to regulate activities affecting the conservation of the environment. This
is based on a coordinated role with a wide range of other ministries whose activities are
concerning the environment. It plays an advisory role in national environmental policy
formulation and coordination of environment management activities, ensuring that all
development projects incorporate environmental protection. The DOE plays the key role in
providing technical support, undertaking relevant research in appropriate disciplines necessary
for policymaking. It aims to develop and strengthen national capacity to undertake
environmental research and apply relevant data and information in environment management.
All climate change issues and activities in the country are coordinated by MOEF through the
DOE, in close collaboration with other relevant agencies. Implementation of adaptation activities
under the NAPA will be through the MOEF, where the focal point for the UNFCCC and GEF is
based. However, where technical assistance is required, DOE relies on the cooperation and
support from other relevant institutions (Annex 1). In addition to other relevant government
agencies, DOE also takes advantage of the growing involvement of non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) and the private sector in its effort to spearhead all related activities of
environmental concern. Among these are the Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies (BCAS),
BUET, Bangladesh Institute for Development Studies (BIDS) and the Bangladesh Unnayan
Parishad (BUP). These NGOs with an environment focus continue to be involved in the
implementation of government-led environment activities. Their role lies in advocacy for
environmental management in areas of education and public awareness, and highlighting local
environmental issues.
The NAPA formulation is part of a much-needed coordinated institutional response to climate
change across the GOB. Coordination is needed for the: (1) analysis of climate data; (2)
forecasting climate change; (3) assessing vulnerability to climate change; (4) developing
coordinated research agendas and policies; and (5) development of guidelines for considering
climate change impacts in resource and project planning. Such coordination is necessary to avoid
potential duplication of effort and formulation of inconsistent or contradictory policies. A closely
coordinated planning and implementation of adaptation measures in agriculture and decisions in
the water and coastal resources sectors is one clear example. It is also important that the public,
civil society, and the donor community remain involved in coordinated climate change planning
activities. Aside from natural resource and/or environmental agencies, agencies such as the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs should be involved, so that Bangladesh’ negotiating positions for the
UNFCCC is strengthened.
5
Among the possible avenues for coordinating adaptation activities/programs in the country
through NAPA are the following:

National Council on Water Resources (NWRC) – This body coordinates all water
management activities and oversees the preparation and implementation of the national
planning efforts, including the National Water Management Plan (NWMP). The Prime
Minister heads it. To date, it has initiated putting climate change issues on its agenda.

National Environment Council (NEC) – This council coordinates all environmental activities
and supervises the preparation and implementation of the national planning efforts, including
the National Environmental Management Action Plan (NEMAP). The Prime Minister also
heads it.

CCC has been involved in several other climate change projects, including the US Climate
Change Country Study Project and the Asia Least-cost Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategy
(ALGAS). The CCC is chaired by the Minister of Environment and reports to the NEC. The
members of this committee can form the core of the NAPA Team that will be established for
the NAPA formulation and implementation.

Inter Ministerial Disaster Management Co-ordination Committee (IMDMCC) – This is the
apex coordinating body for disaster management programs. The Minister for Disaster
Management and Relief heads this committee.
The relevant members above committees will be consulted during the course of the NAPA
formulation and implementation, and where possible become part of the NAPA Team.
3. OBJECTIVES, AND LINKAGES TO ONGOING ACTIVITIES
The UNFCCC COP 7 has resolved to support the work program for LDCs to prepare and
implement national adaptation programs of action (NAPAs), including meeting the agreed full
cost of preparation. The NAPAs will communicate priority activities addressing the urgent and
immediate needs and concerns of LDCs relating to the adverse effects of climate change. The
rationale for developing NAPAs rests on the low adaptive capacity of LDCs, which renders them
in need of immediate and urgent support to start adapting to current and projected adverse effects
of climate change.
3.1. Objectives
The purpose of the proposed NAPA formulation project for Bangladesh is the development of a
countrywide program that encompasses the immediate and urgent adaptation activities that
address the current and anticipated adverse effects of climate change, including extreme events.
The goal of the NAPA formulation for Bangladesh is the provision of a framework to guide the
coordination and implementation of adaptation initiatives in the country, through a participatory
6
approach and building synergies with other relevant environmental and related programs. At the
same time it will develop a specific priority program of action for adaptation to climate change.
The proposed project is basically the formulation of Bangladesh’s program of action on
adaptation to climate change. It will involve the conduct of various assessments/analyses of
previous work on the subject, as well as some additional data collection (mainly updating and
verification) and supplementary desk research. In general, it will address the need to develop a
realistically achievable country-driven program of action made up of priority activities
addressing the urgent and immediate needs and concerns of Bangladesh, relating to the adverse
effects of climate change.
Similar to other LDCs, because of the low adaptive capacity of Bangladesh, it is very important
that the country receives immediate and urgent support to start adapting to current and
anticipated adverse effects of climate change. Delay of such support to action-oriented
adaptation options could further increase the country’s already severe vulnerability or lead to
higher intervention costs at a later state. In conjunction with this, the countries 5th Five Year
National Development Plan specifies as one of its policy goals the improvement of human
resources and technological capacity to facilitate the strengthening of cooperation with the
international community in eliminating/mitigating threats to sustainable development, such as
the adverse effects of climate change. In addition to addressing major issues in the area of
environment protection, the NDP points out the shortage of adequate human and financial
resources as two major issues that need to be addressed.
3.2. Linkages to Ongoing Activities
Bangladesh implemented its GEF funded climate change enabling activities project (CCEAP) in
1998 under the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Among the outputs of the
project is the country’s Initial National Communication Report (INC), which was submitted to
the to the UNFCCC on 12 November 2002. The INC outlined possible options that the country
could consider in mitigating, and adapting to adverse effects of, climate change. It also mentions
limitations in financial and technical capabilities to implement these options, which include: (1)
human resource development; (2) institutional strengthening; (3) research and systematic
observation; (4) lack of primary data and, (5) public awareness and education. This proposal is
based on the INC, which sets adaptation priorities to be addressed by the NAPA as follows.
The UNEP-sponsored CCEAP included, among others, some vulnerability and adaptation
(V&A) assessments. These assessments, which are of direct relevance to the proposed
NAPA exercise, covered the following sectors: (a) fresh water resources, (b) coastal zone
and coastal resources, (c) agriculture, (d) forests and biodiversity, (e) fisheries, (f) human
health, (g) livelihood and socio-economy and (h) physical infrastructure. The findings of
the V&A assessments in the INC note some progress but there is scope for the
identification of more appropriate adaptation measures that needs to be given priority
during NAPA implementation.
7
All the CCEAP outputs, particularly the V&A assessments mentioned in the INC, will be
used during the NAPA formulation, and where possible, persons / institutions who
contributed to the finalization of the INC and UNEP experts who worked on the CCEAP
will be consulted. Given that UNEP was the IA for preparing the INC, all activities related
to NAPA project formulation and implementation will be closely coordinated with UNEP.
Furthermore, comments from UNEP will be solicited on the first draft of the NAPA.
During implementation of the NAPA, periodic progress reports will also be shared with
UNEP for their comments and advice.
Linkages to previous and ongoing initiatives in the area of climate change will facilitate
synergies and complementarities between the NAPA preparation and implementation process
and other activities being carried out in Bangladesh. Since the late 80s, there have been various
projects and studies undertaken that deal with different aspects of climate change including
adaptation and GHG reduction. In addition to the INC (report will be finalized this year), some
of these project/studies are:












Effect of Climate Change and Sea Level Rise on Bangladesh (1989)
Bangladesh: Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change (1993)
Vulnerability of Bangladesh to Climate Change and Sea Level Rise: Concepts and Tools for
Calculating Risks in Integrated Coastal Zone Management (1994)
Asia Least Cost Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategy Project (1994-1998)
Bangladesh Country Study on Climate Change (1993-1997)
Assessment of the Vulnerability of Coastal areas to Climate Change and Sea Level Rise – A
Pilot Study of Bangladesh (1994)
Climate Change in Asia: Bangladesh (1992-1994)
Improve the Observational Basis for Studies of the Impact of Tropospheric Ozone on
Climate in Developing Countries and Build up of Capacity
Bangladesh: Climate Change and Sustainable Development (1998-2000)
Third National Gas Development Project (1994-1999)
Climate Change in Asia: Regional Study on Global Environmental Issues (1992-1994)
National Policies for Energy: Implication of, and Opportunities from, the Climate Change
Convention (1993)
Bangladesh is currently planning and implementing a number of projects/studies that will
address climate change (adaptation and mitigation), while also contributing to the country’s
wider sustainable development. Annex 2 presents some of these projects/studies, which include:



Sustainable Environmental Management Programme (UNDP) Ongoing Implementation
Bangladesh: Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development (WB/GEF) Ongoing
Implementation
Regional Climate Predictions for National Vulnerability Assessments (DFID) Ongoing
Implementation
8








Impact of Climate and Sea Level Change in part of the Indian Sub-continent (DFID)
Ongoing Implementation
Dialogue on Water and Climate (Netherlands Government, IUCN) Ongoing Implementation
Promotion of Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Abatement –
(ADB, BCAS) Ongoing implementation
National Water Management Plan Project (GoB, GoN, WARPO) Ongoing Implementation.
Integrated Coastal Zone Management Programme (GoN, DFID) Ongoing Implementation
Offshore Islands Renewable Energy Development (UNDP-GEF) Ongoing project design
Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (DFID-UNDP) Ongoing Implementation
Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change Project (Canada Climate Change Development
Fund) Ongoing project design
The NAPA formulation will also take into consideration all existing policies and programs of the
Government as they relate to sectors that will be covered under the NAPA. Among these are the
National Water Policy, National Water Management Plan, National Environmental Management
Plan and PRSP. The NAPA formulation will also take into consideration the DFID-UNDP
supported Programme on Climate Change in Bangladesh under the Comprehensive
Disaster Management Programme (CDMP) with the Ministry of Disaster Management and
Relief. In this context CDMP will focus on prediction (PRECIS/CLASSIC of Hadley
Centre), adaptation (GOB/NGO/CBOs/Local Disaster Action Plan/Community to reduce
local risk) and establishment of a Climate Cell at the Department of Environment. The
ongoing Sustainable Environment Management Programme will facilitate the capacity
building for climate change negotiation, follow-up of Global Conventions such as
UNFCCC, UNCCD, UNCBD, and Montreal Protocol, amongst others.
As a party to the Convention on Biodiversity, Bangladesh has been executing the NBSAP
Country Report Project through which it recently produced the country report and NBSAP
report. The draft National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) has for one of its goal
the building of capacity through governance strengthening and by improving knowledge and
understanding. The NBASP calls for the integration of biodiversity conservation into the national
development process.
In conjunction with the climate change adaptation activities that were carried out and planned for
implementation by the country, the NAPA formulation exercise will involve thorough
assessments and analyses of the capacity needs and constraints facing Bangladesh in
environmental management, in a coordinated and cross-sectoral manner at the institutional level.
This will, through strategic partnerships and coordination among the relevant stakeholder groups,
do away with compartmentalized efforts of capacity building in meeting global environmental
management obligations as set forth by the UN Environmental Conventions and related
international instruments.
Lessons learnt from the enabling activities on climate change and biodiversity will provide very
useful guidance to the implementation of the NAPA activities. This is because the framework
used to guide coordination and implementation of the aforementioned projects is similar to the
9
one proposed for the NAPA. Furthermore, information already collected and synthesized as part
of these two projects will provide a useful foundation on which the NAPA can build.
In preparation for the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), Bangladesh
produced a report on Citizen’s Perspective on Sustainable Development. Stakeholders, including
civil society organizations, contributed to preparation of the report and made very valuable
inputs through a participatory process. This was carried out through the conduct of the Dhaka
Meet on Sustainable Development in Bangladesh: Achievements, Opportunities and Challenges
as Rio+10. The decision to submit a NAPA project proposal was based on the priority issues
identified in the Bangladesh’s WSSD Report, which notes that vulnerability and adaptation to
climate change are amongst the key priorities. The WSSD report recognizes the need to fully
integrate adaptation to climate change and sea-level rise into all national policies. In this regard,
the NAPA is envisaged to play a fundamental role in addressing a number of vulnerability and
adaptation issues, particularly in relation to the strengthening of relevant national policies and
plans, as well as raising awareness on adaptation issues nation wide.
4. PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND OUTPUTS
In order to ensure close coordination among the project’s key stakeholders, the establishment of
the coordination mechanisms essential to guide the project will be first carried out. The required
multi-level support mechanisms that will ensure broad ownership of the project outputs,
including consultations across the country will then be engaged. This is embodied in the
establishment of a NAPA Team headed by a designated lead agency and representatives of
stakeholders including government agencies and civil society. A specific methodology for doing
detailed assessment of the country’s adaptation to climate change and vulnerability to climate
variability assessments, which is tailor-made for Bangladesh, will be developed, and will be used
in the necessary studies and research work that will be carried out to support the NAPA
formulation work. Multi-disciplinary teams will be established to conduct first broad
assessments, and facilitate selection of priority sectors. They will carry out the in-depth analyses
(following the analysis methodology), the results and recommendations of which will be used in
the NAPA formulation. These steps will be carried out in a consultative and participatory
manner.
The results of the assessments will be synthesized into a report that will be used as the basis to
prepare a national strategy and action plan for climate change adaptation, i.e., the NAPA. The
action plan will be presented to national and international stakeholders. It will be submitted to
the concerned government authorities for endorsement to become the basis for all climate change
adaptation programs that will be developed and implemented in the country by the relevant
stakeholders. It will also be distributed to private investors and various international bilateral and
multilateral donor agencies that would be interested in implementing climate change adaptation
projects in Bangladesh. The activities for developing and establishing the NAPA will be
implemented fully in line with the approach and principles set out by the GEF for this funding
window for adaptation to climate change in LDCs.
MODULE NO. 1: NAPA FORMULATION INCEPTION ACTIVITIES
10
As a pre-cursor to NAPA formulation, several pre-project activities will have to be carried out.
These would include the following:
(1) Establishment of a Project Management Office (PMO);
(2) Creation of the NAPA Team and Project Steering Committee (PSC);
(3) Promotion of the NAPA project to the key players/actors in the area of environment and
climate change, and to the Bangladeshi citizenry at large;
(4) Assembly of Multi-disciplinary Teams; and,
(5) Capacity building and information sharing.
As part of UNDP-GEF’s regular monitoring and backstopping function, UNDP-GEF will be
involved at all key stages of project implementation.
Activity 1.1: NAPA Formulation Project Management Arrangements
The national climate change focal point will establish a Project Management Office (PMO)
within MOEF and the Secretary of the MOEF will be the National Project Director (NPD). The
NPD will supervise activities, ensure the timely provision of government inputs and be
responsible to the Government for the achievement of results and outputs. A National Project
Coordinator (NPC) will be recruited to work full time in the coordination and the implementation
of the prescribed work plan. Sectoral Advisors will also be appointed to provide expert advice to
the NPD and the NAPA Team. At least one advisor will be from the government, and another
will be from an NGO/Civil Society. Advisors will have relevant background and experience in
the general area of adaptation to climate change.
The PMO will carry out initial coordination work with UNDP, DOE and relevant institutions
(such as those listed in Annex 1) on the preparations for the establishment of the NAPA Team,
which will carry out the tasks of formulating the NAPA of Bangladesh.


Activities
Establishment of a Project Management Office
(PMO) inside the MEF, and appointment of a
National Project Director (NPD), a National
Project Coordinator (NPC), and 1 or 2 Senior
Advisors.
Coordination work with relevant organisaiton
for the establishment of the NAPA Team


Outputs
PMO, with the following staff
members: NPD, NPC and Senior
Advisors.
Preliminary discussions and
arrangements on the setting up of
NAPA Team
Activity 1.2: NAPA Process Initiation and Management
11
As required by the NAPA Guidelines, a team will be created to formulate the NAPA. This will
involve an open and flexible process that is inclusive and transparent, and will result in the
formation of the Bangladesh NAPA Team, comprising representatives/experts of the lead agency
and other key players, including stakeholders such as members of relevant government agencies,
regional and local authorities, the production, consumption and service sectors and civil society
organizations. The national climate change focal point will endorse this team (hereinafter
referred to as the NAPA Team). Core members of the climate change enabling activity project
(CCEAP), particularly those who were directly involved in the V&A assessments, will be
considered during the formation of the NAPA Team. At the very least, they will be consulted
and/or utilized, as resource persons in the preparation of the NAPA. The NAPA Team will be
composed of the following agencies: DOE, Forest Dept, Dept. of Fisheries, SAPARRSO,
WARPO, BWDB, Disaster Management Bureau, BMDA, BARC, DAE, NIPSOM, BIDS,
BUET, Dhaka University, BCAS, BUP, IUCN, FEJB. There will be provision for co-opting
additional members, if required. A Team Leader will be chosen from amongst the team
members.
Based on the recommendation of the country’s climate change focal point (MOEF), the NAPA
Team will be headed by the MOEF. Inclusion of PC in NAPA Team will ensure greater
understanding of the relationship between national planning processes and NAPA and facilitate
better coordination. Moreover, the Planning Ministry’s inclusion in the NAPA Team enhances
awareness and “buy in” by the central planning agencies regarding the broad implications of
climate change for development, and in order to mainstream the NAPA more effectively into
development plans of the country.
The civil society will also be represented in the NAPA Team, noting that civil-society
participation will be a key factor in determining the NAPA. The civil-society representatives will
be selected on the basis of their prior and current involvement in environment and climate
change-related issues and programs in the country, e.g., an NGO representative working at the
local level on water resource management. Their inclusion will ensure a broader
multidisciplinary knowledge and skills necessary to conduct the tasks in the preparation of the
NAPA.
MOEF- Focal Point will select the members of the NAPA Team, as well as the lead agency. On
the basis of respective mandates and present activities, as these relate to environmental concerns
and climate change, the NAPA Team could be comprised of representatives from, but not limited
to the government and non-government institutions listed in Annex 1, with the Team Leader
coming from MOEF/DOE. Officially nominated senior officers from these institutions will be
considered for NAPA team membership based on an open and flexible process that is inclusive
and transparent.
A Project Initiation Meeting will be conducted to be attended by government institutions, NGO,
and private sector institutions concerned with environmental and climate change issues. The
meeting will present and promote the NAPA formulation project, solicit comments and
recommendations particularly on the sectors that would be covered under the NAPA, and the
establishment of linkages with ongoing and planned related initiatives in the country.
12
Consultations will be made with key stakeholders including members of relevant government
agencies, and representatives of donor institutions, regional and local authorities, and civil
society organizations regarding matters such as the prioritization of the sectors that will be
covered in the NAPA. Based on inputs from the Initiation Meeting and the consultations, the
NAPA formulation project work plan will be finalized. The TORs for all other necessary project
inputs will be prepared, with inputs from the UNDP-GEF Regional Service Unit (Asia and the
Pacific) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (UNDP-GEF/KL).




Activities
Development of an initial work plan based on
the objectives and expected outputs of the
NAPA formulation project.
Conduct of an Initiation Meeting attended by
government institutions, NGO, and private
sector institutions concerned with
environmental and climate change issues, to
present and promote the NAPA formulation
project, and solicit comments and
recommendations particularly on the sectors
that would be covered under the NAPA and the
establishment of linkages with ongoing and
planned related initiatives in the country, and
possibly in the region.
Initial work on the establishment of a broad and
informal high-level supporting network for the
project
Finalization of the project work plan, and
prepare the TORs for all other necessary
project inputs based on inputs from the
Initiation Meeting.



Outputs
Proceedings of Project Initiation
Meeting (including all relevant
recommendations)
NAPA Formulation Project work
plan
TORs for all necessary project
inputs
.
Activity 1.3: Advocating Support from Government Authorities
A Project Steering Committee (PSC) composed of senior level officials of the government agencies
and stakeholder groups that were involved in the CC process in Bangladesh CCEAP will be
established. The PSC will provide guidance and support to the implementation of the NAPA project
activities and ensure the delivery of the required outputs. As per advice of the national climate
change focal point, the Secretary of MOEF shall chair the PSC. The make up of the PSC will largely
be based on the institutions listed in Annex 1.





Ministry of Environment and Forests – Chairman
Member, Planning Commission – Co-Chairman
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology
Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies
Ministry of Water Resources
13











Ministry of Agriculture
BMDA
Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief
Ministry of Land
Ministry of LGRD
Ministry of Fisheries and Livestocks
Ministry of Health
Ministry of Finance
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Department for International Development (UK-DFID) and other donors (CIDA)
Non-Government Organizations (e.g., BCAS, BUP, IUCN, FEJB))
The proposed broad and informal high-level supporting network during the Initiation Meeting will be
finalized. This network will be consulted, when necessary, in all aspects of the project
implementation either for advice or support. In engaging individuals of high profile and from key
government institutions in the process of preparing the NAPA, the NAPA Team will see to it that
these individuals are aware of the goal/purpose of the NAPA formulation work, as well as the
opportunity that they represent.
The PSC would meet at least three times during the project. At least twice during the project
implementation, heads (or their designated representatives) of the core agencies represented in the
PSC will be briefed on project aims and status. These heads of agencies will be expected to formally
endorse the project outputs. If appropriate, some project outputs may be submitted to the Prime
Minister’s office for government approval.



Activities
Establishment of the Project Steering
Committee (PSC).
Establishment of an informal broad network
across government agencies at Department
Head level.
Conduct of departmental/ministerial level
briefings on the NAPA formulation project.



Outputs
Established PSC
Established high-level support
network for the project
Minutes of departmental/ministerial
level briefings
Activity 1.4: Stakeholders’ Consultation
In order to address the concerns of Bangladeshi citizens regarding climate change, a number of
consultations will be held with multi-stakeholder involvement. These consultations will serve the
purpose of introducing and promoting the project (objectives, activities and outputs), getting
guidance and feedback from the regions, and identifying participants in future project activities.
The consultations will also establish relationships that may be critical in ensuring the future success
of the implementation of adaptation efforts. Part of this consultation work will be making the various
individuals across sectors, departments and government levels understand the rationale for adapting
to climate change, and particularly for government agencies (central, local and grassroots) to have a
clear view of adaptation to climate change as being an important issue.
14
As most of the practical adaptation activities will be carried out at the local level, particular attention
will be given to including the voices of those who are most vulnerable (women, vulnerable groups,
ethnic group and so on) to the impacts of climate change due to their heavier reliance on a country’s
natural resource base, during the stakeholder consultations. Usually, these are the groups, particularly
the poor, who often have considerable knowledge of adaptation strategies used in the past that may
be incorporated into the country’s NAPA. Their participation in NAPA consultations will be useful
in supporting the broader development objective of empowering these groups.
See T. L. Malua ‘Public Consultation in the NAPA Process’, LEG workshop, (Dhaka, Bangladesh,
18-21 September 2002). For further information on stakeholders and stakeholder processes, see
Technical Paper 2 of the Adaptation Policy Framework (http://www.undp.org/cc/apf_outline.htm).




Activities
Identification and evaluation of relevant target
groups, players/actors and stakeholders of the
NAPA project
Organization of several sub-national
consultations with multi-stakeholder
involvement based on the stakeholders’
evaluation results. These will be a combination
of seminar-workshops and community meetings
in selected areas.
Conduct of the consultation meetings,
presenting and promoting the NAPA
formulation project, and obtaining relevant
inputs from the meeting participants.
Preparation of a synthesis report of the
proceedings of the consultation meetings that
were carried out.
Outputs
 Stakeholders Analysis report
 Minutes of sub-national
consultation meetings
 Synthesis report on all consultation
meetings
Activity 1.5: Assembly of Multi-Disciplinary Teams
The NAPA team has to be multi-disciplinary, composed of expert/individuals from a variety of
sectors and government agencies, private sector, civil society in order to ensure that the final
NAPA document will be comprehensive and covers the social, economic and environmental
aspects of sustainable development. This will also, among others, ensure that the NAPA Team
has sufficiently high profile to be able to work closely with policy makers in relevant sectors and
in government planning agencies; and that at least one senior-level member in the team comes
from the country’s main planning agency.
A participatory approach will be applied in the NAPA formulation process through the formation
of multi-disciplinary teams, hereinafter referred to as sectoral working groups (SWGs). This
process will broaden the knowledge capacity of the NAPA Team that will carry out the NAPA
formulation tasks. Depending on the sectors that will be covered in the NAPA, the SWGs will be
made up of individuals of relevant disciplines such as water, agriculture, livestock, forestry,
15
health, land use planning, gender issues, etc., who will work under the guidance of the NAPA
Team.
There would be Sectoral Working Groups (SWGs) not limited to following five: Agriculture,
Fisheries and Livestock (coordinator: BARC), Forestry, Biodiversity and Land-use (coordinator:
IUCN), Water, Coastal Areas, Natural Disaster and Health (coordinator: WARPO), Livelihood,
Gender, Local Governance and Food Security (coordinator: BIDS), Industry and Infrastructure
(coordinator: DOE).
Based on consultations with some of the stakeholders and the advice of the country’s
UNFCCC and GEF focal point, it would be necessary to include in the NAPA an action
plan for enhancing the capacity of the government, private sectors and the civil society, in
order to ensure that key players and stakeholders can play an appropriate, meaningful and
productive role in the development and ultimate implementation of the NAPA. To enable
an effective participatory process, it is necessary to ensure that the key people who will be
involved in the NAPA implementation have proper understanding of the fundamentals of
adaptation analysis, planning and execution. This will definitely contribute to the effective
formulation and ultimately the successful implementation of the NAPA, as the emphasis
will be on:









Engaging stakeholders, especially those representing local communities, in the
participatory process of formulating the NAPA;
Making available appropriate technical information in a form that facilitates quality
and timely decision making;
Complementary approaches that builds on existing plans and programs
Participatory approaches in establishing priorities and decisions;
Building capacity in ways that result in synergies among MEAs;
Mainstreaming of climate change adaptation policies and plans;
Employment of principles of sound environmental management for sustainable
development;
Enhancement of roles of women and the poor in the sustainable development planning;
and,
Cost effective, country-driven approach with large multiplier effects.
Training activities will be carried out to build the technical knowledge and skills of
relevant individuals in government, the private sector and community-based organizations,
including project design, implementation and monitoring. Targeted awareness raising
materials will be prepared in Bangla, taking into account the capacities, needs and
concerns of the stakeholders in the urgent and immediate adaptation activities. These
materials will be disseminated through conventional information pathways, including
targeted media campaigns.
The number of SWGs to be established will be based on the findings from the previous GEFfunded climate change enabling activities project (CCEAP) in the country. Consultations with
various government agencies and NGOs that are currently working in the area of environment
16
and climate change revealed that water is the overarching sector that has to be addressed by the
NAPA. Multi-tiered consultations will take place during the proposed NAPA preparation and
sector priorities may eventually vary. Water issues encompass climate change impacts on the
following sectors:






Agriculture and food security
Terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems
Coastal zone and marine ecosystems
Disaster control (floods and droughts)
Human health
Human settlements and infrastructure (as a result of urbanization)
The final set of sectors that will be covered in the NAPA will be determined in Activity 2.3 of
the NAPA formulation project. Furthermore, importance will be given to the Guideline for
NAPA preparation prepared by UNFCCC. Each SWG will consist of three experts: one expert in
the technical field, one capacity building expert, and one government official.
In line with the general idea of taking advantage of synergies that exists between NAPA
activities and those of other multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs), the NAPA
formulation will consider the planning process of the programs and/or projects under other
MEAs. The NAPA team will also review the country’s existing commitments under international
and regional environmental agreements. This would help in identifying the individuals to include
as part of the SWGs, aside from those with whom to consult during the preparation of the
NAPA.
The SWGs will review and synthesize available literature on adverse effects of climate change
and adaptation strategies, which would be collated and reviewed, including the national
strategies for sustainable development, and poverty reduction strategy. These groups will review
the pertinent literature and data particularly grassroots adaptation strategies; results from
assessments of adverse impacts of climate change; national development goals and strategies;
and those from the draft INC Report to the UNFCCC. Annex 3 shows the general TOR of the
SWGs.





Activities
Identification and evaluation of individuals
who could become members of the SWGs
Review of design and implementation of other
locally driven planning exercises.
Consultation of networks and stakeholder
groups of previous regional and national
planning processes
Capacity building activities for key
stakeholders that will be involved in the
NAPA formulation
Development of a set of criteria for selecting
17




Outputs
List of SWGs (multidisciplinary
teams under the NAPA Team) and
their composition (names of group
members)
Individual SWG work plan
Key players and stakeholders
better able to play appropriate,
meaningful and productive roles in
development and ultimate
implementation of the NAPA
Personnel who have enhanced
Activities




SWG members
Selection of the members of the SWGs.
Finalization of the SWG composition and
establishment.
Preparation of individual SWG work plan
Establishment of respective processes for
determining priority measures and areas for
action, based on the required tasks at hand.
Outputs
technical- and policy-relevant
knowledge and skills related to
adaptation
MODULE NO. 2: ADAPTATION ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
This module will involve the design and development of the methodology that will be utilized in
the assessment of adaptation to climate change; the conduct of the assessments/reviews; and, the
prioritization of the sectors that will be covered in the NAPA of Bangladesh.
Activity 2.1: Adaptation Assessment Methodology Development
This activity will come up with the procedures that will be used in the assessments. It will also
include the design of a systematic way of data collation, processing, verification and review.
Lastly, under this activity, a process for reviewing the assessments made will also be devised.
A national V&A expert will support and guide the SWGs in carrying out V&A assessments. This
national expert (ideally someone who was involved in previous V&A work in the country, and/or
the CCEAP) will devise and propose an assessment methodology most suited to Bangladesh
based on the objectives of the NAPA, the envisioned outputs, and the available literature and
data on the impacts of climate change and climate variability in the country. He/She will ensure
that participatory approaches will be built into the assessment methodology.
A group made up of the SWG technical experts will finalize the assessment methodology drafted
by the V&A expert who will also guide the work of the group. The methodology will be
reviewed and critiqued by the rest of the NAPA Team. By consensus among the NAPA Team
members, the proposed methodology will be approved for use in the assessments that will be
carried out in conjunction with the NAPA formulation. A PSC meeting will be convened to make
it official.
A 2-day training workshop for stakeholders, and participated in by all members of the SWGs,
will be conducted to introduce the approved methodology for assessment. The national V&A
expert will facilitate this workshop.
While the necessity for methodologies tailored for Bangladesh is fully recognized,
development of such approaches will draw upon existing techniques to avoid duplication of
effort. This activity will be enhanced through the sharing of work plans, success stories,
lessons learned, and “best” practices with other LDCs that are engaged in the preparation
18
of NAPAs. The focus will be on sharing and exchanging information, experience and
methodologies with LDCs from the Asia-Pacific region. Coordination and cooperation of
many of these activities can best be fostered through LDC dialogues that may lead to joint
implementation of specific project activities. UNDP/NCSU will assist in the dissemination
of information to facilitate this activity.



General information is provided in the NAPA primer (paul.desanker@virginia.edu). This
publication contains many resources for preparing a NAPA. Copies are free for LDCs.
In addition, Bangladesh may also find useful and relevant information in the Technical Papers
of the Adaptation Policy Framework (APF) (http://www.undp.org/cc/apf_outline.htm). Outputs
of this NAPA will also contribute to the further development of the APF. For further
information on stakeholders and stakeholder processes, see Technical Paper 2. Technical
Papers 4 and 5 contain useful information on how to assess current and future climate risks.
Technical Paper 6 provides guidance on assessing socio-economic trends. Technical Papers 7,
8, and 9 are more focused on adaptation.
UNDP-GEF/KL and UNDP-GEF/NCSU will provide technical assistance and support during
project implementation, as requested by the Government. UNDP will also provide
independent review comments to help improve the final NAPA document, including the
adaptation profiles.






Activities
Review of related international and national
documentation (in particular all NAPA-related
documentations prepared by UNFCCC and
GEF) with regards to V&A assessments.
Drafting of a proposed assessment methodology
most suited to Bangladesh.
Elaboration of the assessment technology by the
SWG technical experts.
Review/critiquing of the proposed assessment
methodology.
Approval and endorsement of the assessment
methodology.
Training workshop on the assessment
methodology





Outputs
Working draft of assessment
methodology
Final draft of assessment
methodology prepared by SWG
technical experts
Approved and officially endorsed
assessment methodology
Proceedings of training workshop
Enhanced project outputs due to
cooperation and coordination with
other LDCs formulating their
NAPAs.
Activity 2.2: Review of Initial V&A Assessments
This major activity will involve a comprehensive review of previous studies that were done in the
country that among others, looked into how the country can think about adaptation to climate change;
the key threats (critical impacts) to the greater goal of sustainable development; the socio-economic
causes of vulnerability to climate change (e.g., level of development); and, how different
development paths may affect the country’s ability to cope with climate change.
It will verify the viability of the previously suggested strategic adaptations to climate change for
policy makers and to give a practical demonstration of adaptation measures that could become part of
19
a worked out strategy. The review of the previous and ongoing studies on the subject will determine
the gaps that remains in the formulation of development plans, policies and decisions that affect the
capacity of climate sensitive systems to cope with climate change.
The NAPA Team will review the various studies made on climate change impacts to critical sectors
in the country and documentations of recommended, planned and implemented adaptation measures,
including the V&A assessments that were made in the CCEAP. It will also review and identify
relevant past and current practices for adaptation to climate change and climate variability in other
countries (particularly LDCs). Findings from the review/analysis of international and regional
experiences in addressing vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate change, climate variability
and extreme weather events, as well as long-term climate change will be compared to that in the
country. Each SWG in the NAPA Team will evaluate how and to what extent activities may address
the specific sectors where adaptation activities will have to be planned and implemented.
Each SWG will collate and review available information on adverse effects of climate change and
coping strategies for specific sectors. They will review the objectives, goals and strategies of existing
national development plans, which include sustainable development strategies, national conservation
strategies, sectoral development plans, and poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs). The
data/information that were collated by each SWG will be synthesized into a report.
While reviewing current national development plans and strategies, special attention will be given to
any documentation of lessons learned through their preparation and implementation, e.g., how
successful has been the implementation of sustainable development strategies, and reasons for the
successes and failures. The NAPA Team will evaluate the feasibility of inclusion of specific elements
of previous/ongoing activities that are likely to lead to success, and avoid past mistakes.
Particular attention will also be given to the raw data and information gathered through past
participatory or stakeholder consultations related to environment or sustainable development. Such
information could benefit the NAPA formulation and enhance the efficiency of the NAPA process.





Activities
Collation of available information on adverse effects of
climate change and coping strategies for specific sectors,
including national strategies for sustainable development,
and available poverty reduction strategy papers.
Review of data/information gathered, particularly the raw
data and information gathered through past participatory
or stakeholder consultations related to environment or
sustainable development.
Synthesis of all data and information gathered.
Review of various studies made on climate change impacts
to critical sectors in the country and documentations of
recommended, planned and implemented adaptation
measures, including the V&A assessments in the CCEAP,
Preparation of review reports by each SWG, and a
synthesis report on the initial/previous V&A assessments
done in the country.
20



Outputs
Documentation of collated
data and information on
initial/previous V&A
assessments and relevant
sustainable development
plans.
Synthesis report on V&A
data and information
Documentation of
previous/initial V&A
assessments in the country.
Activity 2.3: Prioritization of Sectors Affected by Climate Change
From the evaluation of the previous (and ongoing) studies and efforts carried out to address impacts
of climate change, the sectors (e.g., agriculture, water resources, coastal zones, health, etc.) that will
be addressed in the NAPA will be identified. Because of limited resources, there is a need to
prioritize the sectors, thereby coming up with a NAPA that will focus on critical areas (e.g., with
severe implications to the citizens at large), those that needs immediate and urgent attention, or those
wherein further delay in doing actions could increase vulnerability, or lead to increased costs at a
later stage.
This activity will involve the design and development of a set of locally driven criteria and
procedures that will be used in the identification and selection of sectors that will be addressed in the
NAPA. The setting up of prioritization criteria will involve a transparent and accountable process.
The NAPA Team will organize and conduct a series of multi-tiered consultations with
representatives from different segments of the society, including those who potentially would be
most severely affected by climate change impacts. This series of consultations will culminate in a
national level consultative dialogue with all the relevant stakeholders to solicit views on what criteria
should be considered in the prioritization of adaptation measures. The process of criteria setting will
be moderated through a participatory and consultative process, in order to take into account such all
relevant considerations such as the present adaptive capacity, synergies with multilateral
environmental agreements and cost effectiveness, and more importantly the concerns and issues of
each stakeholder. A basis for such a process could the globally acclaimed NEMAP consultation
process.
The criteria suggested in the NAPA guidelines, such as: (1) Level or degree of adverse effects of
climate change; (2) Poverty reduction to enhance adaptive capacity; (3) Synergy with other MEAs;
and, (4) Cost-effectiveness, will be considered. In addition, apart from financial considerations, there
are other non-financial considerations, which the stakeholders could recommend to the NAPA Team.
This could include giving priority to sectors that: (1) affect the greatest portion of the country’s
population; (2) have more applicable adaptation measures; and, (3) have adequate capacity that could
ensure effective implementation of planned adaptation measures. Decision support tools such as
shared vision planning, consensus building, conflict management and cost-benefit analysis would be
used, as necessary and appropriate, in order to ensure a robust, transparent and accountable set of
criteria will be available to the NAPA Team for prioritizing the adaptation activities.
The participatory process will be extended to the identification of priority sectors. With close
coordination and consultation with stakeholders, the NAPA team will quantify the related impacts of
climate change (and benefits from addressing such impacts) in the various sectors to a reasonable
level of detail. The results of Activity 2.2 will be used in determining the impacts. The sectors will be
prioritized objectively by ranking or scoring them using the set of criteria that was earlier developed.
Because there are various sectors to consider as well as stakeholders in each sector, conflicts can
arise in the prioritization process. The prioritization process and the selection criteria that will be
developed will take into consideration this aspect, and as such will come up with procedures for
resolving disagreements between stakeholder groups. The bases of the procedures and selection
21
criteria will be presented in a transparent way to all stakeholders, including members of the highlevel support network.
As an anticipatory measure, the participatory process of criteria setting will come up with strategies
that will avoid potential disagreements and conflicts with, and among, the various stakeholders.
Citizen participation is the key to an effective NAPA. This means the NAPA process must have the
concerted involvement of a broad spectrum of citizens and government agencies. It is very critical
that people understand the linkage between climate change and sustainable development, to ensure
that the NAPA is linked to the framework of the larger community. In the sub-national consultation
workshops, the NAPA Team will carry out awareness raising activities to show that the NAPA share
common concerns and help support achieving broader sustainable development goals. This is the
whole essence of integrating NAPA into the national and local development plans.
Based on the review of initial/previous V&A assessments, priority sectors will be selected for indepth evaluation and adaptation action planning. A combined meeting of the SWGs will present and
discuss the preliminary selection of sectors. Later, a national workshop will be held to agree on
priority sectors.
Technical Papers 4 and 5 of the APF contain useful information on how to assess current and future
climate risks. Technical Paper 6 provides guidance on assessing socio-economic trends.






Activities
Design and development of a set of selection
criteria and procedures that will be used in the
identification and selection of sectors that will
be addressed in the NAPA
Presentation of the bases of the procedures and
selection criteria
Development of strategies that will avoid
potential disagreements and conflicts with, and
among, the various stakeholders, such as
awareness raising activities
Preparation of procedures for resolving
disagreements between stakeholder groups
Selection of priority sectors for in-depth
evaluation and adaptation action planning,
based on the review of initial/previous V&A
assessments
Conduct of a national workshop to agree on
priority sectors.




Outputs
Set of selection criteria for priority
sectors
Strategies for effective and
transparent prioritization of sectors
to be covered in the NAPA
List of priority sectors
Proceedings of workshop.
MODULE 3: ADAPTATION ASSESSMENTS AND PLAN OF ACTIONS
This module of the NAPA formulation project will involve the implementation of adaptation
assessments in priority sectors of the country, and the development of adaptation actions to address
the climate change impacts in such sectors.
22
Activity 3.1: Detailed Adaptation Analysis of Priority Sectors
Having identified the sectors that will be covered in the NAPA, the different SWGs will carry out
detailed assessments of the sectors assigned to each of them. The assessment methodology that was
developed in Activity 2.1 will be utilized in this exercise. Depending on what the approved
methodology specified, each SWG is expected to carry out at least the following:




Assess vulnerability to climate change, current climate variability and extreme weather events
Assess where climate change is causing increases in associated risks
Identify key climate-change adaptation measures, based, to the extent possible, on the
vulnerability and adaptation assessments
Identify measures that explore links and synergies with other established and/or planned national
action plans under the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification and national
biodiversity strategies and action plans under the Convention on Biological Diversity.
The assessments will come up with recommended adaptation measures and policy changes for the
country that are complementary to the efforts for sustainable development, and are aimed at
protecting the country’s natural resources and environment by reducing its vulnerability to climate
change. These will also elaborate on applicable recommendations in previous studies that provide
directions on how the potential effects of climate change and adaptation options can be factored into
policy making. Note that those previously recommended measures, tentative as they may, could be
part of a strategy to deal with the impacts of climate change.
The proposed assessment methodology will spell out the specific items that will be examined in
doing the detailed adaptation analyses. Although the exact procedures are yet to be spelled out during
the project, it is expected that these will include the evaluation of specific projects, programs and
measures that would address the climate change impacts in an anticipatory manner rather than
reactionary. These measures and projects (especially long-term projects) will be assessed in terms of:
(1) whether they account for the impacts of climate change; (2) their relationship to adaptation needs
(especially urgent and immediate needs); (3) the presence of initiatives that reduce the capacity of the
country to respond to climate change; and, (4) their potential for increasing vulnerability to climate
change. It is also expected that the methodology that will be proposed will specify the investigation
of new tools that can ensure that climate change is incorporated in other related sustainable
development planning exercise in the country. Where necessary, specific policy making frameworks
that will adequately account for the implications of climate change would be developed. The NAPA
Team will assess whether new policies are needed to support climate change adaptation efforts.
The detailed assessments will enable the SWGs to identify projects, programs and measures that
support the achievement, or overcome any deficiencies, of current national development goals. These
will also ensure that activities recommended within a NAPA complement and do not duplicate plans
already initiated.
Technical Papers 7, 8, and 9 of the APF are more focused on adaptation.

Activities
Assessment of vulnerability to climate change,
23

Outputs
Assessment reports on vulnerability




Activities
climate variability, and extreme weather events
Assessment where climate change is causing
increases in associated risks
Identification of key climate-change adaptation 
measures, based, to the extent possible, on the
vulnerability and adaptation assessments

Identification of measures that explore links and
synergies with other established and/or planned
national action plans under the UNCCD and
national biodiversity strategies and action plans
under the CBD.
Investigation on new tools required to ensure
that climate change is incorporated in
sustainable development planning exercises.
Outputs
to climate change, current
variability and extreme weather
events
List of adaptation
measures/activities
Recommendations on new tools for
ensuring inclusion of climate
change in sustainable planning
processes in the country.
Activity 3.2: Development of Proposals for Priority Activities
The detailed assessments will recommend specific projects, programs and measures (for each priority
sector) that will be considered for inclusion in the NAPA. This major activity will involve the
development of the proposed plan of actions that will address needs arising from the adverse effects
of climate change. The NAPA Team will:

Conduct of participatory consultative workshops – The NAPA Team will organize several subnational consultative workshops to solicit inputs and proposal ideas in order to help develop a
short list of potential NAPA activities. The outputs of the detailed assessments carried out by the
SWGs will be the bases of the workshop discussions. The NAPA Team will facilitate the
workshops. This process will allow adequate dialogue between the NAPA Team and the public.
Sufficient time will be allotted for public comment on the proposed NAPA activities/measures.
This will entail wide dissemination of discussion papers, ensuring that all parties affected are
informed and consulted. The NAPA Team will evaluate the most relevant media of
communication to effectively carry out the consultation process with stakeholders. The Team will
come up with a procedure of such communication process, which would include a workable way
of ensuring feedback from all concerned partied, particularly those that would directly and
indirectly be involved and/or benefited by the adaptation activities that will be implemented.

Develop a set of country-driven criteria for selecting priority activities to address needs arising
from the adverse effects of climate change - The NAPA Team will come up a set of criteria based
on various factors (e.g., political, financial, cultural, technical) and a rating/scoring system that
will be used for objectively selecting/prioritizing the proposed adaptation measures/activities.
The NAPA Team could draw on the criteria proposed by the NAPA guidelines in coming up with
the set of criteria. An example of possible set of criteria that could be considered for the
project/activity rating system is shown in Table1. This would be finalized through appropriate
workshop.
24

Prioritize adaptation measures - Based on the recommended climate change adaptation measures
from the detailed assessments and from the workshops, as well as those that are linked with
national action plans on land degradation and biodiversity conservation, the NAPA Team
prioritize these measures based on the set of criteria that was developed. From the list of
prioritized measures, the NAPA Team will screen each based on the rating system that is
developed to rate and compare them.
25
Table 1: Sample of Project Rating System
ADAPTATION MEASURES
CRITERIA
A
B
C
D
E
Impacts on Peoples Livelihood
Promotion of Improved Health, Welfare and
Safety of People
Preservation of Cultural Heritage
Improvement of Delivery and Maintenance of
Public Infrastructures and Services
Sustained Availability and Affordability of
Basic Needs of People
Reduction of Threats and/or Impacts of
Disasters
Preservation of Biological Diversity
Implementation Cost
Funding Availability
Project Applicability
Political and Public Support
Reduction of Climate Change Impacts
Potential
for
Adaptation
Penetration and Acceptance
Technology
Data Availability
Compatibility with National and Sectoral
Development Goals
Environmental Benefits
Economic Development Benefits
Contribution to Environmental Sustainability
TOTAL RATING
Priority Rating Scores: 5 = High

3 = Moderate
1 = Low
Develop proposals for the implementation of the priority measures – The NAPA team will
prepare profiles of the projects to implement the prioritized measures, which will form part of the
26
country’s National Adaptation Program of Action. The project profiles will be prepared based on
the format prescribed by the NAPA Guidelines (See Annex 4)
The NAPA Team will make sure that whatever adaptation activities will be recommended these are
in line with existing frameworks and plans. This aspect is particularly important if the proposed
activity is something that is related to the safeguarding/maintenance/repair or rehabilitation of vital
systems, including infrastructure that would be critical in achieving economic goals for the country.
One important aspect that will be addressed by the NAPA Team is the identification and removal of
potential barriers to the implementation of the NAPA activities. There may be potentially serious
barriers to implementing NAPAs, such as a lack of policies to facilitate the implementation of the
NAPA. These barriers (e.g., legal and policy-level inadequacies or inconsistencies, institutional,
social, economic and cultural barriers, lack of awareness of climate change issues, etc.) will be
identified and considered as among the immediate areas for intervention.






Activities
Conduct of consultative workshops
Development of a set of criteria for selecting
priority activities to address needs arising from
the adverse effects of climate change
Prioritization of identified climate change
adaptation measures/activities
Development of proposals for the
implementation of the priority measures
Identification and evaluation of barriers to the
implementation of the NAPA activities.
Development of interventions to address
potentially serious barriers to the
implementation of the NAPA activities.




Outputs
Proceedings of the consultative
workshops
Set of selection criteria for priority
adaptation measures/activities
List of prioritized adaptation
measures/activities
Recommendations on interventions
to remove barriers to the
implementation of NAPA activities.
Activity 3.3: Synthesis of Detailed Sectoral Adaptation Analyses
This activity will summarize the results of the detailed adaptation analyses that were carried out in
the priority sectors. The national V&A expert will take a detailed review of the sectoral analysis
reports prepared by the SWGs and prepare a synthesis report discussing priority activities addressing
needs to cope with adverse effects of climate change.
The report will include a major section describing links and synergistic opportunities with relevant
existing and/or planned national action plans on sustainable development, land degradation and
biodiversity conservation. The synthesis report will be presented in a workshop to be held in Dhaka.


Activities
Preparation of the summary of results of the
detailed adaptation analyses that were carried
out in the priority sectors.
Workshop to review the synthesis report
27


Outputs
Synthesis report of results of the
detailed adaptation analyses
Proceedings of the workshop
MODULE NO. 4: PREPARATION OF THE NATIONAL ADAPTATION PROGRAM OF ACTION
By this time the various adaptation assessments have been made in the priority sectors, and
relationships with many interest and stakeholder groups have been developed. This module will
come up with the NAPA of Bangladesh. The draft NAPA document will be prepared and presented
to the public. It will undergo a series of reviews before it is finalized. The final NAPA document will
be disseminated to various stakeholder groups in the national and local governments, civil society
and the target groups of the various adaptation measures and projects identified and prioritized in the
NAPA document.
Activity 4.1: Preparation and Presentation of the Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan
Based on outputs from Module No. 3, an integrated adaptation strategy and action plan will be
prepared, which is the NAPA Document. This document will present prioritized activities to address
impacts of adverse effects of climate change. It will also indicate how each priority activity is
related/linked to ongoing and/or planned activities supporting sustainable development and those
related land degradation and biodiversity conservation, as well as with other ongoing activities under
other MEAs. It will also include a strategy for monitoring/evaluating the outcomes of the actionoriented adaptation options, possibly through activities supported by the project at a later time. It will
also cover stakeholder roles and responsibilities; partners and partnership building; financing options;
and time lines.
Annex 4 shows the prescribed presentation format of the NAPA Document as per NAPA Guidelines.
The NAPA document will be comprised of the following sections:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Introduction and Setting
Framework for Adaptation Program
Identification of Key Adaptation Needs
Criteria for Selecting Priority Activities
List of Priority Activities
NAPA Preparation Process

Activities
Preparation of the draft NAPA Document

Outputs
Draft NAPA document presenting
prioritized activities, strategy for
M&E the outcomes of the actionoriented adaptation options,
stakeholder roles and
responsibilities; partners and
partnership building; financing
options; and time lines.
Activity 4.2: Review of Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan
The NAPA will be prepared in an iterative manner. The local citizens will review all drafts in a
participatory manner through sub-national workshops. The review will be carried out through various
28
means such as peer reviews and sub-national workshops, which could be either carried out under this
NAPA formulation, and in co-sponsored workshops, programs and events. A team of government
and civil society representatives, including the private sector, will review the NAPA document,
including the project profiles. Solicitation of advice from the Least Developed Countries Expert
Group (LEG) and UNDP-GEF/NCSU will also be considered. After each consultation, the draft is
revised accordingly.
In addition, through the various local government entities, the draft NAPA will be reviewed in a
participatory manner through citizen/public meetings. Facilitated by the NAPA Team, such meetings,
apart from getting feedbacks on the proposed NAPA activities, will facilitate: (1) Identification of
local expertise who can work on difficult issues; (2) Community ownership of the NAPA process; (3)
Willingness of stakeholders to support subsequent plan implementation; and (4) Improved
community esteem through awareness, education, and empowerment. In these meetings, the NAPA
Team will present the proposed NAPA, and will address the comments and suggestions raised.
During the draft NAPA review, the NAPA Team will create an informal network that will assist in
assessing the real situation in the area of climate change adaptation in the grassroots level. This is an
excellent way to access the expertise, influence, and support of local community groups. This way
the NAPA Team acts as a facilitator for bringing together diverse interest groups that have common
interest/goal in the area of climate change adaptation. Such network will be useful in the subsequent
implementation of the formulated NAPA.
The NAPA Team will also carry out one-on-one consultations and listen to the concerns and goals of
relevant groups and organizations. It will meet with key leaders of businesses, utilities, and interest
groups to tie their specific needs to the proposed NAPA. It will listen to their needs and
organizational objectives, then tie them in with the NAPA goals.
The NAPA Team will finalize the NAPA document considering all inputs from the consultations.
The NAPA document will then be presented in a workshop with national and international
stakeholders, and with good media coverage to provide an overall wrap up of the consensus building
process. The finalized NAPA will be submitted to and approved by concerned Ministers. The
national climate change focal point will provide the UNFCCC and LEG, UNDP-GEF/KL and
UNDP-GEF/NCSU, copies of the NAPA document.






Activities
Conduct of peer reviews on the Draft NAPA
Document
Conduct of citizen/public meetings
Building informal network that will assist in
assessing the real situation in the area of
climate change adaptation in the grassroots
level.
One-on-one consultations with relevant groups
and organizations
Finalization of the NAPA Document
considering all inputs from the consultations
Presentation of the NAPA Document in a
29






Outputs
Documentation of results of peer
reviews
Proceeding of citizen/public
meetings
List of individuals and
organizations that will review the
NAPA (Informal network, including
UNFCCC/LEG and UNDP-GEF)
Documentation of the results of oneon-one consultations
Finalized NAPA Document
Proceedings of workshop
Activities
workshop with national and international
stakeholders, and with good media coverage to
provide an overall wrap up of the consensus
building process
Outputs
Activity 4.3: NAPA Document Dissemination
The NAPA document will be translated to the Bangladeshi language. This will be distributed to
national and local government agencies and target groups that are specifically impacted on by
adverse effects of climate change. To ensure effective dissemination, awareness raising, and “buy in”
of the local citizenry, the NAPA Team will:

Use Public Relations and Media Events – Through the assistance of the relevant government
agencies, the NAPA document will be publicized. The Team will develop plans for the
publication of a regular newsletter that tracks the progress of the NAPA implementation. For
furthering the support of the relevant entities, the newsletter will also feature the people and
organizations that are involved in the NAPA process. Publication of occasional articles on
adaptation activities will also be considered. Adaptation projects that are already underway and
that bring together some of the proposed goals/objectives of the NAPA will be featured in such
articles. The key is to be VISIBLE.

Identify and Use Champions – The NAPA Team will take advantage of the benefits derived from
having a high-level support network. Successful programs typically have one thing in common key leaders, such as those in the network, endorse them. The NAPA Team will convince these
leaders to be champions for the NAPA. These could be well-respected business, government, and
community leaders who believe and supports environmentally responsible development.

Organize NAPA Awareness Campaigns – Where possible, the NAPA Team will include sessions
on awareness raising in the various sub-national consultation meetings to explain and convince
people of the need and benefits of adaptation measures to address impacts of climate change. The
NAPA Team will consider methods such as: (1) Slide presentations; (2) Collection of articles on
climate change adaptation programs or how other LDCs are benefiting from similar efforts; and,
(3) Educational exhibits to take to meetings and fairs or put in public places.

Expand Networks - For broader citizen support, the NAPA Team will help in the identification of
several NAPA champions, and other organizations or interests that could assist in the widespread
dissemination of the NAPA. It will also identify relevant environmental, housing, business,
transportation, and other informal networks that could provide assistance in the NAPA
dissemination, as well as other similar network relationships that should be started or enhanced.


Activities
Translation of the NAPA Document to the
Bangladesh national language
Distribution of the NAPA Document to relevant
agencies in the national and local governments
and target groups that are specifically impacted
30



Outputs
NAPA Document in the Bangladeshi
national language
Copies of NAPA Document in local
governments and target groups
List of individuals and




on by adverse effects of climate change
Publicizing the NAPA Document through public
relations and media events
Identification of NAPA Champions
Implementation of NAPA Awareness
Campaigns
Expanding networks for broader NAPA
dissemination


organizations that will champion
and support the NAPA
Documentation of NAPA awareness
campaigns
NAPA promotional materials
Media campaigns and awareness raising workshops will also be conducted, making use of key
players and opinion leaders to convey key messages and provide a constructive enabling environment
for the ultimate implementation of the proposed urgent and immediate adaptation activities
5. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR OVERSIGHT AND COORDINATION
5.1. Project Steering Committee (PSC)
The PSC will provide the political oversight and coordination of the NAPA formulation project. The
Secretary of Planning will chair the PSC and membership will include the Focal Points of the UN
Environmental Conventions, and representatives from government ministries/departments, the
UNDP and non-government organizations.
As head of the PSC, the Secretary of MOEF is responsible for the NAPA formulation. Inasmuch as
the objective is to integrate the NAPA to the national development planning process, the Secretary of
Planning will play a vital role in the whole process. As head of the PSC, the Secretary of MOEF will
be responsible for the coordination of all the required activities and ensuring that the NAPA is
integrated into all relevant Government policies.
The PSC will be responsible for ensuring that the outputs contribute to the sustainable development
process in Bangladesh and appropriately links with ongoing related plans/programs such as the
Government’s National Water Management Plan, National Environmental Management Plan,
UNDP-Dhaka’s Sustainable Environmental Management Programme and IPRSP.
5.2. Project Management Office (PMO)
Ministry of Environment and Forests will have principal responsibility for project management and
operational coordination of the NAPA. The Secretary of Environment will be designated as the
National Project Director (NPD). The NPD will supervise activities, ensure the timely provision of
government inputs and be responsible to the Government for the achievement of results and outputs.
A National Project Coordinator (NPC) will be recruited to work full time. The NPC will be working
closely with the NPD in advocating for adaptation issues at the ministry level.
Two national Senior Advisors, with expertise on capacity development and the global environment,
will provide guidance to the project process and will facilitate the dissemination of project findings.
The NPC, with guidance from the Senior Advisors, will prepare detailed TORs for all project inputs.
The NAPA project implementation organizational chart is as shown Fig. 1.
31
Fig. 1: NAPA Formulation Project Implementation
Organizational Chart
Project Steering
Committee
National Project Director
NAPA Team



Sectoral Working
Group
1
2
3
4
Project Coordinator
Consultants
Sectoral Advisors
x
Project coordination activities with all national and international related projects, including POPs and
preparations for WSSD will be the responsibility of MOEF, DOE. It will exploit opportunities to
develop synergies with these projects, both in terms of technical outputs and co-financing joint
activities. The DOE oversees and implements the same responsibilities in relation to the biodiversity
projects under CBD, and other planning and implementation activities under other MEAs. Since it
will also be the one implementing the NAPA formulation project, coordination, synergies and
complementarity with related policies, plans, programs and action plans will be assured for the
NAPA process.
5.3. NAPA Team
National experts and sub-contractors covering a range of expertise, including: global environment;
public participation; activities implementation; capacity development at the systemic, institutional
and individual levels; and, workshop organization and facilitation, will be involved (as necessary) in
the activities of the NAPA Team. Since the MOEF is both the GEF and UNFCCC focal point in
Bangladesh, it would be easy the coordinate the project activities with the people who had earlier
work on the CCEAP and NBASP. Members of the CCC, particularly those who were involved in the
V&A activities of the Bangladesh CCEAP will be considered for inclusion in the NAPA Team or at
least engaged as consultants. Suitable experts from the region may be invited to support and facilitate
project activities processes.
5.4. Sharing of Experiences with other LDCs
There is a potential advantage for Bangladesh to share experience and expertise with other LDCs in
Asia, in the Pacific. The implementation of potential sharing of experience (or even joint activity
implementation) will be explored together with these countries. Inputs may be shared in order to
achieve economies of scale. With the approval of the NAPA Team, Bangladesh NAPA team, project
32
staff would plan and coordinate activities for sharing experience and expertise with other LDCs.
UNDP-GEF will facilitate this process if requested.
5.5. Project Monitoring & Evaluation
GOB/MOEF will monitor and UNDP will support financial implementation of the NAPA
formulation project in line with standard procedures. See Annex 5 for the Project M&E approach.
6. TIMETABLE
The development and preparation of the Bangladesh NAPA is expected to take 18 months. Estimated
start of project is April 2003 and completion is end July 2004.
33
PROJECT SCHEDULE
Activities
1
2
3
4
Project management arrangements
1)
2)
Setting up of PMO, PSC and NAPA Team
Appointment of SWG membersand preparation of work plan
Assessment and prioritization
1) Information gathering and synthesis, assessment of
vulnerability
i)
Gathering of available information on adverse effects of
climate change and coping strategies
ii)
Synthesis of available information on adverse effects of
climate change and coping strategies
iii) Participatory assessment of vulnerability to current
climate variability and extreme weather events, and associated
risks
2) Identification of adaptation measures, and criteria for
priority activities
i)
Identification of past and current practices for adaptation
to climate change and climate variability
ii) Identification of key climate change adaptation measures
iii) Identification and prioritization of criteria for selecting
priority activities
Development of proposals for priority activities
1) National/ sub-national consultative process for short listing
potential activities
2) Selection and identification of priority activities on the basis
of agreed criteria
3) Prepare profiles of priority activities in the prescribed format
Preparation , review and finalization of the NAPA
1)
2)
Public review
Final review by government and civil society representatives
3) Printing, publishing and translation of the final NAPA
document
4) Dissemination
1
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
7. NAPA FORMULATION PROJECT BUDGET (US$)
ACTIVITY
STOCKTAKING
PROCESS:
(ASSESSMENTS,
CONSULTATIONS,
WORKSHOPS)
PRODUCT:
ASSESSMENT REPORTS/
STRATEGY
ACTION PLAN
TOTAL
AND
Assessment and prioritization
1) Information gathering and
assessment of vulnerability
i)
synthesis,
Gathering of available information on
adverse effects of climate change and
coping strategies
5000
2500
ii) Synthesis of available information on
adverse effects of climate change and
coping strategies
iii) Participatory assessment of vulnerability
to current climate variability and
extreme weather events, and associated
risks
7500
2500
2500
5000
15000
5000
20000
2) Identification of adaptation measures, and
criteria for priority activities
i)
Identification of past and current
practices for adaptation to climate
change and climate variability
3000
8000
ii) Identification of key climate change
adaptation measures
iii) Identification and prioritization of
criteria for selecting priority activities
TOTAL
(Assessment and prioritization)
8000
11000
7500
1500
9000
8000
1500
9500
43500
10500
62000
11000
1000
12000
11000
3000
14000
12000
3000
15000
Development of proposals for priority activities
1) National/ sub-national consultative process
for short listing potential activities
1000
2) Selection and identification of priority
activities on the basis of agreed criteria
3) Prepare profiles of priority activities in the
prescribed format
1
ACTIVITY
TOTAL
(Development of proposals for priority activities)
STOCKTAKING
PROCESS:
(ASSESSMENTS,
CONSULTATIONS,
WORKSHOPS)
PRODUCT:
ASSESSMENT REPORTS/
34000
7000
42000
10000
2500
12500
2000
500
2500
20000
20000
15000
3000
18000
0
27000
26000
53000
-
-
-
-
1000
STRATEGY
ACTION PLAN
TOTAL
AND
Preparation, review and finalization of the NAPA
1) Public review
2) Final review by gov’t & CSO representatives
3) Printing, publishing and translation of the
final NAPA document
4) Dissemination
TOTAL
(Preparation, review and finalization of NAPA)
Technical assistance
1) Assistance requested from LDC expert group
10000
2) Technical assistance
TOTAL
(Technical assistance)
0
10000
10000
0
100000
30000
3000
33000
144500
46500
200000
Project coordination and management
TOTAL
(Project coordination and management)
TOTAL
9000
2
ANNEX 1
INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN CLIMATE CHANGE ACTIVITIES IN BANGLADESH
A. Government Ministries
Ministry of Agriculture
Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism
Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs
Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief
Ministry of Environment and Forest
Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock
Ministry of Land
Ministry of Planning
Ministry of Water Resources
Local Government Division, MOLGRD&C
B. Government Agencies
Bangladesh Water Development Board
Bangladesh Forest Research Institute
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics
Bangladesh Meteorology Department
Department of Environment
Disaster Management Board
Department of Fisheries
Department of Agriculture Extension
Local Government Engineering Department
Planning Commission
Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization
Water Resources Planning Organization
C. Non-Government Organizations/Research Organizations
Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies
Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad
Bangladesh Unnayan Parishads
Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)
Bangladesh Disaster Preparedness Centre (BDPC)
Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies
CARE Bangladesh
CARITAS
Dhaka Ahsania Mission
IUCN-World Conservation Union
Nijera Kori
3
D. Donors
Asian Development Bank
CIDA
Department for International Development (DFID)
DANIDA
The Royal Government of Netherlands
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
World Bank
4
ANNEX 2
ONGOING AND PLANNED STUDIES/PROJECTS
ON CLIMATE CHANGE IN BANGLADESH










Sustainable Environmental Management Programme – A UNDP framework program
comprised of 26 projects, which focus on participatory ecosystems management (e.g.,
development of renewable energy applications in rural areas), community-based environmental
sanitation, advocacy, awareness raising, training & education. Ongoing implementation
Bangladesh: Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development – A WB/GEF full
project which will support economic grid expansion and takeover and rehabilitation of lines from
inefficient utilities, design, development and financing of private sector owned and operated
mini-grid systems in remote rural areas, and programs to increase productive uses of electricity
and enhance its impacts on poverty reduction. Ongoing Implementation
Regional Climate Predictions for National Vulnerability Assessments (RCM) – A DFIDsponsored research project employing a regionally adjusted Climate Model to enable developing
countries in the Indian sub-continent to make their own predictions of national patters of climate
change, and assess their own vulnerability. Ongoing Implementation
Impact of Climate and Sea Level Change in part of the Indian Sub-continent (CLASIC) – A
DFID-sponsored research project on the adaptation and use of models to assess water resource
availability and zones under water stress and their potential change due to global warming.
Ongoing Implementation
Dialogue on Water and Climate – A project executed by IUCN to raise awareness, develop
water resources policies and capabilities and mobilize the social and political will to promote
more effective coping and adaptation strategies to climate change and climate variability.
Ongoing Implementation
Promotion of Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Abatement – An
ADB project designed to promote investment in renewable energy, energy efficiency and
greenhouse gas abatement technologies, in order to increase access to energy services by the
poor, realize other strategic development objectives and help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Ongoing implementation
National Water Management Plan Project – This is an umbrella program, which addresses
overall resources management issues in each region and the entire country, providing directions
for the short, medium and long terms. Several regional and local water management projects
have been planned and budgeted for implementation under the NWMP. Ongoing Implementation.
Integrated Coastal Zone Management Programme (ICZM) – This is an enabling project
seeking to create conditions in which the reduction of poverty, development of sustainable
livelihoods and integration of the coastal zone into national processes can take place. Ongoing
Implementation
Offshore Islands Renewable Energy Development – A UNDP-GEF medium size project that
will focus on removing barriers to the widespread development and utilization of renewable
energy in off-grid remote areas (offshore islands) in Bangladesh. Ongoing project design
Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme – A DFID-funded program designed to
bring together a prioritized portfolio of disaster preparedness and risk/vulnerability reduction
projects under one framework for taking forward a climate change initiative, providing the
opportunity for cross sectoral linkages and coordination among development partners. Ongoing
project design
5

Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change Project (Canada Climate Change Development
Fund) – A project aimed at increasing the capacity of local communities to understand impacts
and adapt to climate change. Ongoing project design
Other Projects















Sundarbans Biodiversity Conservation Project (ADB/GEF)
CHARS Coastal development Project (DFID)
Bangladesh Environmental Project (CIDA)
Coastal Greenbelt Project (ADB)
Forestry Sector Project (ADB)
Fourth Fisheries Project (WB/GEF, DFID)
Agricultural Resource Management Project (WB)
Water Sector Improvement Project (WB)
River Bank Protection Project (WB)
Small Scale Water Resources Development Sector Project (ADB)
Khulna Jessore Drainage Rehabilitation Project (ADB)
Coastal Zone Development Programme
Forestry Resources Management Project
Gorai River Restoration Project
National Water Management Plan (The Netherlands)
Source: Stakeholder Analysis (Key Stakeholders and Potential Partnerships) – DFID Internal
Document Dec 2001.
6
ANNEX 3
TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR NAPA FORMULATION PROJECT PERSONNEL
A. Project Steering Committee
The Project Steering Committee will be established with the following composition and will meet on
a quarterly basis
1) Secretary – Planning Commission, Ministry of Planning
Chairperson
2) Secretary - Environment, Ministry of Environment & Forests
Co-Chairperson
3) Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture
4) Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock
5) Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources
6) Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Lands
7) Director, Disaster Management Board
8) Director, Water Resources Planning Organization
9) Director, Bangladesh Meteorology Department
10) Director, Bangladesh Water Development Board
11) Director, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute
12) Director, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies
13) Director, Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies
14) Director, Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad
15) Director, IUCN-World Conservation Union (Bangladesh)
16) Resident Representative, United Nations Development Programme
17) Technical Director, DOE (National Project Director)
Secretary
The Committee will be chaired by the Secretary of Planning Commission, EPU and co-chaired by the
Secretary of Department of Environment. The National Project Director (NPD), who is the Technical
Directors of DOE (the implementing agency), will be the convenor. The members include the UNDP
Resident Representative and senior officials of the implementing agencies, and those cooperating
organizations/institutions, which have a direct bearing on the successful implementation of the
project.
The Committee will be responsible to:
 Lay down policies defining the functions, responsibilities and delegation of powers for the local
implementing agency and the Project Management Office and the Bangladesh NAPA Team.
 Coordinate and manage the overall project activities and the budget.
 Facilitate coordination of project activities across institutions.
 Review the project activities, and their adherence to the work plan set forth in the project
document.
 Review and comment on each year’s proposed work plan and budget
 Take decisions on the issues brought to its notice by UNDP and other cooperating institutions,
and advise regarding efficient and timely execution of the project.
 Initiate remedial action to remove impediments in the progress of project activities that were not
envisaged earlier.
7
B. National Project Director
The Government shall appoint a National Project Director (NPD) to be responsible, on behalf of the
government, for the project. It is likely that the NPD will be a senior official from the executing
agency. The NPD will head the Project Management Office, and will be supported by a National
Project Coordinator, and local and international experts. The NPD will be responsible for:



Assuring the Government inputs to the project are forthcoming in a timely and effective manner
Assuring the project stays in line with national programs, strategies, and objectives and full
achievements of the immediate objectives and outputs
Overseeing project implementation and the timely undertaking of all activities
With the support of the National Project Coordinator, the NPD shall:












Oversee establishment of the Project Management Office with systems put in place for sound
management of all project subcontracts and financial disbursements.
Prepare detailed draft work plan and inception report for all project objectives and identify
resource requirements, responsibilities, task outlines, performance evaluation criteria and work
plans/schedules.
Develop detailed and measurable quarterly performance indicators for each project output at the
outset of the project.
Prepare quarterly work plans, which are to include indication of extent to which previous
quarter's activities have contributed to project's overall objectives.
Create detailed TOR and qualifications for each subcontract and international expert.
Coordinate international experts and advise on international training and workshops.
Submit, as required, Annual Performance Review (APR) to tripartite (TPR) review meetings.
Approve detailed terms of reference and qualifications for each subcontract.
Direct and supervise the establishment of project administration procedures for all staff,
subcontractors, and participating agencies.
Approve quarterly status and financial reports for comment and approval of the Project Steering
Committee.
Approve six-month budget forecast requests for approval of the Project Steering Committee.
Oversee implementation of Project Steering Committee directives.
C. National Project Coordinator
The National Project Coordinator (NPC) will be responsible for coordinating the participating
national agencies that are implementing the subcontracts and the national and international experts,
as well as for facilitating coordination and cooperation among all components of the project.
Qualifications:


Postgraduate degree in engineering or environmental science
Sound policy understanding of the global concerns and discussion on climate change
8

Extensive business and information exchange contacts with national and international agencies
involved in local and international study of climate change, in general, and adaptation, in
particular
o Proven track record of project management
o Project team experience
Language: English
Duties: Reporting to the NPD, the national project coordinator will perform the following:





Work closely with the National Project Director in coordinating and facilitating inputs of
government agencies and research institutions, subcontractors, and experts in a timely and
effective manner.
Report to the steering committee on main policy issues and progress in project results and
achievements. Report back to participating agencies and individuals on the committee's
comments, recommendations and concerns.
Take the lead in preparation of project reports and information releases to be produced by the
project management office, while keeping an updated record of information on the project and in
maintaining close contacts with the media.
Maintain clear and timely communication with relevant activities under implementation under
other multilateral environment agreements.
Prepare an annual Project Implementation Report and the Project Terminal Report.
D. Senior Advisors
Role: The senior advisors will be responsible for the provision of technical and management
advisory services for the activities of the various SWGs as set out in the project document. They are
responsible to the NPC and NPD.
Qualifications






University degree in engineering or environmental sciences
At least five years of experience in designing and implementing climate change adaptationrelated projects.
Familiarity with, and updated on, various international efforts in vulnerability and adaptation to
climate change and climate variability
Relevant exposure or involvement in the activities of the project
Good oral and communication skills.
Project team experience
Language: English
Duties:

Work together with the NPC and the NAPA Team Leader in preparing work schedules for the
SWGs, contractors and consultants.
9








Interact with all the stakeholder groups involved for efficient and timely execution of the
component activities.
Get DOE staff involved in the implementation of the activities so as to gain experience.
Assist in the management and administration matters of the SWG activities
On the advice of the NPC, to certify service provided for purposes of payment where provided
for.
Ensure active participation of local counterparts in the activities
Provide expert advice on troubleshooting any project implementation problems.
Supervise and evaluate together with the NAPA Team Leader the activities of the contractors,
consultants and the NAPA Team
Provide training to DOE staff attached to the program
E. V&A Expert
A local vulnerability and adaptation expert will be engaged to provide guidance to the various
adaptation assessments that will be carried out as part of the NAPA formulation
Qualifications:




Postgraduate degree in environmental sciences and/or engineering
Extensive experience in the assessment of vulnerability to climate change and variability, as well
as in the formulation and implementation of adaptation measures
Project team experience
Familiarity with, and updated on, various international efforts in vulnerability and adaptation to
climate change and climate variability
Language: English
Duties: Reporting to the NPD, the expert will perform the following duties:






Assist NPD in preparing the work plan and inception report dealing with the adaptation
assessments.
Provide suggestions and feedbacks to sectoral working groups on methodology to be used in
prioritizing sectors and activities, as well in the assessment of critical sectors. In particular,
provide assistance in preparation of analysis of vulnerability of critical sectors in Bangladesh.
Provide suggestions on agenda and invitees (local and international) for the national workshops
on the proposed NAPA. Agenda would include exchange of experiences on methodologies and
implementation of NAPA activities. Experience in other LDCs doing NAPA would also be
covered.
Facilitate the national consultative workshop on vulnerability and adaptation assessments.
Provide suggestions on specific information exchange activities and/or regional cooperation with
other LDCs doing NAPA.
Monitor results of adaptation assessment activities, providing technical feedback. Review drafts
of all written outputs for the objective and provide feedback.
10
F. Sectoral Consultants
Depending on the prioritized sectors and the technical requirements of sectoral working groups,
sectoral consultants will be engaged. The following is the general terms of reference for these
consultants (local or international).
Qualifications:




Postgraduate degree in relevant environmental science or engineering field (corresponding to
sector)
Extensive experience in the assessment of vulnerability to climate change and variability, as well
as in the formulation and implementation of adaptation measures
Project team experience
Familiarity with, and updated on, various international efforts in vulnerability and adaptation to
climate change and climate variability
Language: English
Duties: Reporting to the NPD, the expert will perform the following duties:




Assist NPD in preparing the work plan and inception report dealing with the adaptation
assessments for the relevant sector needing the consultant’s expertise.
Provide suggestions and feedbacks to the relevant sectoral working group on the assessment and
design of specific adaptation projects.
Provide suggestions on the budget and implementation requirements of specified adaptation
projects in the relevant sector.
Prepare mission report at the end of each mission.
G. NAPA Team
The NAPA Team will be responsible for preparing the NAPA and in the future, coordinating the
implementation of NAPA activities. The NAPA Team will:




Conduct of participatory consultative workshops – The NAPA Team will organize sub-national
consultative workshops to solicit inputs and proposal ideas in order to help develop a short list of
potential NAPA activities. The outputs of the detailed assessments carried out by the Teams will
be the bases of the workshop discussions. The NAPA Team will facilitate the workshops to allow
adequate dialogue between the NAPA Team and the public.
Develop a set of country-driven criteria for selecting priority activities to address needs arising
from the adverse effects of climate change, drawing on the criteria proposed by the NAPA
guidelines.
Based on the recommended climate change adaptation measures from the workshop, as well as
those that are linked with national action plans on land degradation and biodiversity
conservation, prioritize these measures based on the set of criteria that will be developed.
Develop proposals for the implementation of the priority activities, which will form part of the
country’s National Adaptation Program of Action.
11
H. Sectoral Working Group Members
The number of Sectoral Working Groups (SWG) is depending on the number of prioritized sectors.
Each SWG will be responsible for each sector, and will be made up of 3 people: (1) Technical expert;
(2) Capacity building expert; and, (3) senior government officer working on the relevant sector.
Qualifications




Postgraduate degree (preferred) in relevant environmental science or engineering field
(corresponding to sector)
Extensive experience in the assessment of vulnerability to climate change and variability, as well
as in the formulation and implementation of adaptation measures in his/her sector.
Project team experience
Familiarity with, and updated on, various international efforts in vulnerability and adaptation to
climate change and climate variability as it relates to his/her sector
Language: English
Duties: Reporting to the NAPA Team leader, the SWG member will perform the following duties:



Assist the NAPA Team in preparing the work plan and inception report dealing with the
adaptation assessments for the relevant sector.
Carry out the V&A assessment (using agreed methodology) in his/her sector, and design of
specific adaptation projects.
Prepare the budget and implementation requirements of specified adaptation projects in the
relevant sector.
12
ANNEX 4
NAPA GUIDELINES PRESCRIBED FORMATS
ADAPTATION PROJECT PROFILES AND NAPA DOCUMENT
A. Adaptation Project Profile
o Project title
o Rationale/justification in relation to climate change, including sectors concerned
o Project Description
 Objectives and activities
 Inputs
 Short-term outputs
 Potential long-term outcomes
o Project Implementation
 Institutional arrangement
 Risks and barriers
 Evaluation and monitoring
 Financial resources
B. NAPA Document Outline
1. Introduction and Setting – This section provides concise information that is directly relevant to
the content of the NAPA document.
2. Framework for Adaptation Program – This section describes impacts of, and hazards posed, by
climate and climate change, and some summary of vulnerability, based on past studies and/or
from stakeholder knowledge of their situation. It will also present knowledge “on the ground” of
strategies and actions carried out at the community level over generations, in addition to
academic literature and previous V&A work. Particular emphasis will be made on integrating the
NAPA to development goals, plans and frameworks, especially in relation to rural citizens and
economic development plans for the country, and the potential synergies with other plans of
action, and action in the context of other MEAs. An analysis of potential barriers to the
implementation of NAPA activities and the measures to address such barriers will also be
covered.
3. Identification of Key Adaptation Needs - This section describes the NAPA preparation process,
and the recommended interventions to address specific vulnerabilities. It will include a listing of
activities based on the assessments carried out by the NAPA team, including very substantive
involvement by stakeholders, including the multi-stakeholder consultations to identify and select
priority NAPA activities.
4. Criteria for Selecting Priority Activities – This section describes the prioritization process for the
sectors that will be covered in the NAPA, as well as the specific activities that will be planned for
implementation under the NAPA. It will describe the country-driven criteria that were considered
appropriate and used in the NAPA process.
5. List of Priority Activities – This section is the main outcome of the NAPA formulation process.
It describes the list of priority activities, which fit in well with the country's development goals
and poverty reduction strategies, while at the same time enhancing the adaptive capacity of its
vulnerable communities.
13
6. NAPA Preparation Process – This last section of the NAPA document presents the processes and
major steps in developing the NAPA, paying particular attention to the important guiding
principles of NAPA, such as: (1) employment of participatory approaches; (2) inclusion of
multiple disciplines and of agencies responsible for implementing development plans; (3)
country-drivenness; (4) contribution to overall sustainable development goals; (5) government
endorsement and commitment to implementing the outcomes, and some system for
accountability; and, (6) use of transparent procedures particularly in the review of the draft
NAPA.
14
Annex 5
NAPA Formulation Project: Monitoring and Evaluation
The project will be monitored and evaluated following UNDP-GEF rules and procedures. The
Executing Agency (Department of Environment) will be required to prepare quarterly and annual
work plans and to report to UNDP on progress in achieving targets. The Quarterly Progress Reports
(QPRs) would provide a brief summary of the status of project inputs and output delivery, explain
variances from the work plan, and present work plans for each successive quarter for review and
endorsement. These quarterly reports will include financial statements and the work plan for the
subsequent quarter. Annual Project Reports (APR’s) would provide a more in-depth summary of
work-in-progress, measuring performance against both implementation and impact indicators. APR’s
would inform decision-making by the Project Steering Committee, which would evaluate whether
any adjustment in approach is required. A terminal report would be completed prior to the
completion of the project detailing achievements and lessons learned.
The Department of Environment (DOE) will undertake continuous, self-monitoring. After GEF
approval of the NAPA proposal brief it will be converted into a UNDP Project Document. Among
the important items that will be included in the project document will be a detailed work program
that will include the success indicators or objectively verifiable indicators for each activity that will
be carried out under the NAPA formulation project. These indicators, which will be reviewed for
their practicability and completeness prior to project implementation, are the parameters that have to
be monitored by the DOE under the NAPA formulation project. Additional activities may be
included (if necessary) to verify the attainment of some specific indicators. The extent by which the
NAPA formulation project goal is achieved can be evaluated from the monitored results.
The DOE and UNDP-Dhaka shall be responsible that the overall monitoring and evaluation
framework for the NAPA formulation project and together will appropriately and holistically assess
the quality and appropriateness of the various outputs/results of the project activities vis-à-vis the
adaptation and national development goals of the country.
Tri-Partite Review (TPR) organized by UNDP-Dhaka will be carried out. The DOE will prepare and
submit to UNDP an Annual Project Report (APR) two months prior to the TPR meeting. APRs
would provide a more in-depth summary of work-in-progress, measuring performance against both
implementation and impact indicators. A Terminal Report would be completed prior to the
completion of the project detailing achievements and lessons learned. UNDP will also undertake
annual monitoring visits to the country to assess project developments in accordance with UNDP
procedures for Monitoring and Evaluation.
Financial Reports will be prepared by the DOE and submitted to UNDP on a quarterly basis in
accordance with the Guidelines for National Execution.
15