Speakers of the Lok Sabha
G.V. Mavlankar
May 15, 1952 to February 27, 1956
M.Ananthasayanam Ayyangar
2. M. A. Ayyangar
March 8, 1956 to April 16, 1962
3. Sardar Hukam Singh
April 17, 1962 to March 16, 1967
4. N. Sanjiva Reddy
March 17, 1967 to July 19, 1969
5. G.S. Dhillon
August 8, 1969 to December 1, 1975
6. Bali Ram Bhagat
January 15, 1976 to March 25, 1977
7. N. Sanjiva Reddy,
March 26, 1977 to July 13, 1977
8. K.S. Hegde
July 21, 1977 to January 21, 1980
9. Balram Jakhar
January 22, 1980 to December 18, 1989
10. Rabi Ray
December 19, 1989 to July 9, 1991
11. Shivraj Patil
July 10, 1991 to May 22, 1996
12. P.A. Sangma
May 25, 1996 to March 23, 1998
13. G.M.C. Balayogi
March 24, 1998 to March 3, 2002
14. Manohar Joshi
May 10, 2002 to June 2, 2004
15. Somnath Chatterjee
4 June, 2004 – 31 May, 2009
16. Smt. Meira Kumar
3 June, 2009 – Till date
1.
Asian Games
Year Games Host
Dates
Nations Athletes Sports Events
1951 I
New Delhi, India
March 4–11
11
489
6
57
1954 II
Manila, Philippines
May 1–9
19
970
8
76
1958 III
Tokyo, Japan
May 28 – June 1
16
1,820
13
97
1962 IV
Jakarta, Indonesia
August 24 – September 4
12
1,460
13
88
1966 V
Bangkok, Thailand
December 9–20
16
1,945
14
143
1970 VI
Bangkok, Thailand
December 9–20
16
2,400
13
135
1974 VII
Tehran, Iran
September 1–16
19
3,010
16
202
1978 VIII
Bangkok, Thailand
December 9–20
19
3,842
19
201
1982 IX
New Delhi, India
November 19 – December 4
23
3,411
21
147
1986 X
Seoul, South Korea
September 20 – October 5
27
4,839
25
270
1990 XI
Beijing, China
September 22 – October 7
36
6,122
29
310
1994 XII
Hiroshima, Japan
October 2–16
42
6,828
34
337
1998 XIII
Bangkok, Thailand
December 6–20
41
6,554
36
376
2002 XIV
Busan, South Korea
September 29 – October 14
44
7,711
38
419
2006 XV
Doha, Qatar
December 1–15
45
9,520
39
424
2010 XVI
Guangzhou, China
November 12–27
45
9,704
42
476
2014 XVII
Incheon, South Korea
September 19 – October 4
Future event
2019 XVIII
Hanoi, Vietnam
Future event
2023 XIX
TBA
Future event
Olympic Games
City
Country
Continent
Season
Year
Opening
Ceremony
Closing
Ceremony
Athens
Greece
Europe
Summer
1896
6 April
15 April
Paris
France
Europe
Summer
1900
14 April
28 October
St. Louis
United States
North America
Summer
1904
29 August
3 September
London
United Kingdom
Europe
Summer
1908
27 April
31 October
Stockholm
Sweden
Europe
Summer
1912
5 May
22 July
Berlin
Germany
Europe
Summer
1916
Cancelled due to WWI[4]
Antwerp
Belgium
Europe
Summer
1920
20 April
12 September
Chamonix
France
Europe
Winter
1924
25 January
4 February
Paris
France
Europe
Summer
1924
4 May
27 July
St. Moritz
Switzerland
Europe
Winter
1928
February 11
February 19
Amsterdam
Netherlands
Europe
Summer
1928
May 17
August 12
Lake Placid
United States
North America
Winter
1932
February 4
February 15
Los Angeles
United States
North America
Summer
1932
July 30
August 14
GarmischPartenkirchen
Germany
Europe
Winter
1936
February 6
February 16
Berlin
Germany
Europe
Summer
1936
August 1
August 16
Sapporo
Japan
Asia
Winter
1940
Cancelled due to WWII[4]
Tokyo
Japan
Asia
Summer
1940
Cancelled due to WWII[4]
Cortina
d'Ampezzo
Italy
Europe
Winter
1944
Cancelled due to WWII[4]
London
United Kingdom
Europe
Summer
1944
Cancelled due to WWII[4]
St. Moritz
Switzerland
Europe
Winter
1948
January 30
February 8
London
United Kingdom
Europe
Summer
1948
July 29
August 14
Oslo
Norway
Europe
Winter
1952
February 14
February 25
Helsinki
Finland
Europe
Summer
1952
July 19
August 3
Cortina
d'Ampezzo
Italy
Europe
Winter
1956
January 26
February 5
Melbourne
Stockholm[c]
Australia Sweden
Oceania
Europe
Summer
1956
November 22
June 10
December 8
June 17
Squaw Valley
Unite States
North America
Winter
1960
February 18
February 28
Rome
Italy
Europe
Summer
1960
August 25
September 11
Innsbruck
Austria
Europe
Winter
1964
January 29
February 9
Tokyo
Japan
Asia
Summer
1964
October 10
October 24
Grenoble
France
Europe
Winter
1968
February 6
February 18
Mexico City
Mexico
North America
Summer
1968
October 12
October 27
Sapporo
Japan
Asia
Winter
1972
February 3
February 13
City
Country
Continent
Season
Year
Opening
Ceremony
Closing
Ceremony
Summer
1972
August 26
September 11
Munich
West Germany Europe
Innsbruck
Austria
Europe
Winter
1976
February 4
February 15
Montreal
Canada
North America
Summer
1976
July 17
August 1
Lake Placid
United States
North America
Winter
1980
February 12
February 24
Moscow
Soviet Union
Europe[d]
Summer
1980
July 19
August 3
Sarajevo
Yugoslavia
Europe
Winter
1984
February 7
February 19
Los Angeles
United States
North America
Summer
1984
July 28
August 12
Calgary
Canada
North America
Winter
1988
February 13
February 28
Seoul
South Korea
Asia
Summer
1988
September 17
October 2
Albertville
France
Europe
Winter
1992
February 8
February 23
Barcelona
Spain
Europe
Summer
1992
July 25
August 9
Lillehammer
Norway
Europe
Winter
1994
February 12
February 27
Atlanta
United States
North America
Summer
1996
July 19
August 4
Nagano
Japan
Asia
Winter
1998
February 7
February 22
Sydney
Australia
Oceania
Summer
2000
September 15
October 1
Salt Lake City
United States
North America
Winter
2002
February 8
February 24
Athens
Greece
Europe
Summer
2004
August 13
August 29
Turin
Italy
Europe
Winter
2006
February 10
February 26
Beijing[e]
China
Asia
Summer
2008
August 8
August 24
Vancouver
Canada
North America
Winter
2010
February 12
February 28
London
United Kingdom
Europe
Summer
2012
July 27
August 12
Sochi
Russia
Europe[d]
Winter
2014
February 7
February 23
Rio de Janeiro Brazil
South America
Summer
2016
August 5
August 21
Pyeongchang
Asia
Winter
2018
February 9
February 25
South Korea
Chief Justice of India
Number
Name
Period of office
1
H. J. Kania
January 26, 1950
November 6, 1951‡
2
M. Patanjali Sastri
November 7, 1951
January 3, 1954
3
Mehr Chand Mahajan
January 4, 1954
December 22, 1954
4
B. K. Mukherjee
December 23, 1954
January 31, 1956‡‡
5
Sudhi Ranjan Das
February 1, 1956
September 30, 1959
6
Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha
October 1, 1959
January 31, 1964
7
P. B. Gajendragadkar
February 1, 1964
March 15, 1966
8
Amal Kumar Sarkar
March 16, 1966
June 29, 1966
9
Koka Subba Rao
June 30, 1966
April 11, 1967‡‡
10
Kailas Nath Wanchoo
April 12, 1967
February 24, 1968
11
Mohammad Hidayatullah
February 25, 1968
December 16, 1970
12
Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah
December 17, 1970
January 21, 1971
13
Sarv Mittra Sikri
Jan 22, 1971
April 25, 1973
14
Ajit Nath Ray
April 26, 1973
January 27, 1977
15
Mirza Hameedullah Beg
January 28, 1977
February 21, 1978
16
Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud February 22, 1978
July 11, 1985
17
P. N. Bhagwati
July 12, 1985
December 20, 1986
18
R. S. Pathak
December 21, 1986
June 18, 1989‡‡
19
E. S. Venkataramiah
June 19, 1989
December 17, 1989
20
Sabyasachi Mukherjee
December 18, 1989
September 25, 1990‡
21
Ranganath Misra
September 26, 1990
November 24, 1991
22
Kamal Narain Singh
November 25, 1991
December 12, 1991
23
M. H. Kania
December 13, 1991
November 17, 1992
24
Lalit Mohan Sharma
Nov 18, 1992
Feb 11, 1993
25
M. N. Venkatachaliah
February 12, 1993
October 24, 1994
26
Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi
October 25, 1994
March 24, 1997
27
Jagdish Sharan Verma
March 25, 1997
January 17, 1998
28
Madan Mohan Punchhi
January 18, 1998
October 9, 1998
29
Adarsh Sein Anand
October 10, 1998
January 11, 2001
30
Sam Piroj Bharucha
January 11, 2001
May 6, 2002
31
Bhupinder Nath Kirpal
May 6, 2002
November 8, 2002
32
Gopal Ballav Pattanaik
November 8, 2002
December 19, 2002
33
V. N. Khare
Dec 19, 2002
May 2, 2004
34
S. Rajendra Babu
May 2, 2004
June 1, 2004
35
Ramesh Chandra Lahoti
June 1, 2004
November 1, 2005
36
Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal
November 1, 2005
January 13, 2007
37
K. G. Balakrishnan
January 13, 2007
May 11, 2010
38
S. H. Kapadia
May 12, 2010
Sep 28, 2012
39
Altamas Kabir
September 29, 2012 Incumbent
Official Books of different countries and Papers.
Blue Book
Official report of the Government of United Kingdom
Green Book
Official publications of Italy and Iran
Grey Book
Official reports of Japan and Belgium
Orange Book
Official publications of Netherlands
Red Book
Book banished in a country
White Book
Official publications of Germany, China and Portugal
White Paper
Short pamphlet giving authoritative recital of facts issued by the Indian government
stating its views on a particular issue for the knowledge of general public
Yellow Book
Official publications of France
Important Lines and Boundaries
Durand Line is the line drmarcating the boundaries of India and Afghanistan. It was drawn up in 1896 by Sir
Mortimer Durand.
Hindenburg Line is the boundary dividing Germany and Poland. The Germans retreated to this line in 1917
during World War I
Mason-Dixon Line is a line of demarcation between four states in the United State.
Marginal Line was the 320 km line of fortification on the Russia-Finland border. Drawn up by General
Mannerheim.
Macmahon Line was drawn up by Sir Henry MacMahon, demarcating the frontier of India and China. China did
not recognize the MacMahon line and crossed it in 1962.
Medicine Line is the border between Canada and the United States.
Order-Neisse Line is the border between Poland and Germany, running along the Order and Neisse rivers,
adopted at the Poland Conference (Aug 1945) after World War II.
Radcliffe Line was drawn up by Sir Cyril Radcliffe, demarcating the boudary between India and Pakistan.
Siegfried Line is the line of fortification drawn up by Germany on its border with France.
17th Parallel defined the boundary between North Vietnam and South Vietnam before two were united.
24th Parallel is the line which Pakistan claims for demarcation between India and Pakistan. This, however, is not
recognized by India
26th Parallel south is a circle of latitude which crosses through Africa, Australia and South America.
30th Parallel north is a line of latitude that stands one-third of the way between the equator and the North Pole.
33rd Parallel north is a circle of latitude which cuts through the southern United States, parts of North Africa,
parts of the Middle East, and China.
35th Parallel north forms the boundary between the State of North Carolina and the State of Georgia and the
boundary between the State of Tennessee arid the State of Georgia, the State of Albama, and the State of
Mississippi.
36th Parallel forms the southermost boundary of the State of Missouri with the State of Arkansas.
36o30' Parallel north forms the boundary between the Tenessee and the Commonwealth of Kentucky between
the Tennessee River and the Mississippi River, the boundary between Missouri and Arkansas west of the White
River, and the northermost boundary between the Texas and the Oklahoma.
37th Parallel north formed the southern boundary of the historic and extralegal Territory of Jefferson.
38th Parallel is the parallel of latitude which separates North Korea and South Korea.
39th Parallel north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 39 degrees north of Earth's equatorial plane.
40th Parallel north formed the original northern boundary of the British Colony of Maryland.
41st Parallel north forms the northern boundary of the State of Colorado with Nebraska and Wyoming and the
southern boundary of the State of Wyoming with Colorado and Utah.
42nd Parallel north forms most of the New York - Pennsylvania Border.
43rd Parallel north forms most of the boundary between the State of Nebraska and the State of South Dakota
and also formed the northern border of the historic and extralegal Territory of Jefferson.
The Parallel 44o north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 44 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.
45th Parallel north is often the halfway point between the Equator and the North Pole. The 45th parallel makes
up most of the boundary between Montana and Wyoming.
49th Parallel is the boundary between USA and Canada
First Men in India
The first President of Indian Republic
Dr. Rajendra Prasad
The first Prime Minister of free India
Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru
The first Indian to win Nobel Prize
Rabindranath Tagore
The first President of Indian National Congress
W.C. Banerjee
The first Muslim President of Indian National Congress
Badruddin Tayyabji
The first Muslim President of India
Dr. Zakir Hussain
The first British Governor General of India
Lord William Bentinck(18331835)
The first British Governor General of Bengal
Lord Warren Hasting(1774-1885)
The first British Viceroy of India
Lord Canning
The first Governor General of free India
Lord Mountbatten
The first and the last Indian to be Governor General of free India C. Rajgopalachari
The first man who introduced printing press in India
James Hicky
The first Indian to join the I.C.S
Satyendra Nath Tagore
India’s first man in Space
Rakesh Sharma
The first Prime Minister of India who resigned without
completing the full term
Morarji Desai
The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of India
General Cariappa
The first Chief of Army Staff
Gen. Maharaj Rajendra Singhji
The first Indian Member of the Viceroy’s executive council
S.P.Sinha
The first President of India who died while in office
Dr. Zakhir Hussain
The first Muslim President of Indian Republic
Dr. Zakhir Hussain
The first Prime Minister of India who did not face the Parliament Charan Singh
The first Field Marshal of India
S.H.F. Manekshaw
The first Indian to get Nobel Prize in Physics
C.V.Raman
The first Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award
Dr. Radhakrishnan
The first Indian to cross English Channel
Mihir Sen
The first Person to receive Jnanpith award
Sri Shankar Kurup
The firs Speaker of the Lok Sabha
Ganesh Vasudeva Mavalankar
The first Vice-President of India
Dr. Radhakrishnan
The first Education Minister
Abdul Kalam Azad
The first Home minister of India
Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
The first Indian Air Chief Marshal
S. Mukherjee
The first Indian Naval Chief
Vice Admiral R.D. Katari
The first Judge of International Court of Justice
Dr. Nagendra Singh
The first person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygen
Sherpa Anga Dorjee
The first person to get Param Vir Chakra
Major Somnath Sharma
The first Chief Election Commissioner
Sukumar Sen
The first person to receive Magsaysay Award
Acharya Vinoba Bhave
The first person of Indian origin to receive Nobel Prize in
Medicine
Hargovind Khurana
The first Chinese traveller to visit India
Fahein
The first person to receive Stalin Prize
Saifuddin Kitchlu
The first person to resign from the Central Cabinet
Shyama Prasad Mukherjee
The first person to receive Nobel Prize in Economics
Amartya Sen
The first Chief Justice of Supreme Court
Justice Hirala J. Kania
The first Indian Pilot
J.R.D. Tata (1929)
First Female in India
The first lady to become Miss World
Rita Faria
The first woman judge in Supreme Court
Mrs. Meera Sahib Fatima Bibi
The first woman Ambassador
Miss C.B. Muthamma
The first woman Governor of a state in free India
Mrs Sarojini Naidu
The first woman Speaker of a State Assembly
Shanno Devi
The first woman Prime Minister
Mrs Indira Gandhi
The first woman Minister in a Government
Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
The first woman to climb Mount Everest
Bachhendri Pal
The first woman to climb Mount Everest twice
Santosh Yadav
The first woman President of Indian National
Congress
Mrs Annie Besant
The first woman pilot in Indian Air Force
Harita Kaur Dayal
The first woman Graduates
Kadambini Ganguly and Chandramukhi Basu,
1883
The first woman Airline Pilot
Durba Banerjee
The first woman Honours Graduate
Kamini Roy, 1886
The first woman Olympic medal Winner
Karnam Malleswari, 2000
The first woman Asian Games Gold Medal Winner
Kamlijit Sandhu
The first woman Lawyer
Cornelia Sorabjee
The first woman President of United Nations
General Assembly
Mrs Vijaya Laxmi Pandit
The first woman Chief Minister of an Indian State
Mrs Sucheta Kripalani
The first woman Chairman of Union Public Service
Commission
Roze Millian Bethew
The first woman Director General of Police
Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya
The first woman Judge
Anna Chandy (She became judge in a district
court in 1937)
The first woman Cheif Justice of High Court
Mrs Leela Seth (Himachal Pradesh High Court)
The first woman Judge in Supreme Court of India
Kumari Justice M. Fathima Beevi
The first woman Lieutenant General
Puneeta Arora
The first woman Air Vice Marshal
P. Bandopadhyaya
The first woman chairperson of Indian Airlines
Sushma Chawla
The first woman IPS officer
Mrs. Kiran Bedi
The first and last Muslim woman ruler of India
Razia Sultan
The first woman to receive Ashoka Chakra
Nirja Bhanot
The first woman to receive Jnanpith Award
Ashapurna Devi
The first woman to cross English Channel
Aarti Saha
The first woman to receive Nobel Prize
Mother Teresa
The first woman to receive Bharat Ratna
Mrs Indira Gandhi
The first woman to receive Jnanpith Award
Ashpurna Devi
I
Indian Fairs and Festivals
January
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Maker Sankranti
Lohri
Pongal
Thai Pusam
Flot Festivals
National Kite Festival
Kerela Village Fair
Bikaner Festival
Pattadakal Dance Festival
Id-ud-Fitr
Vasant Panchami
February
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Mahashivratri
Goa Carnival
Desert Festival
Nagaur Fair
International Yoga Week
Elephant Festival
Deccan Festival
Taj Mahotsav
Surajkund Crafts Mela
Chapchar Kut
Islands Tourism Festivals
March
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Holi
Ganaur
Jamshed-e-Navroz
Ramnavami
Id-ul-Zuha
Mahavir Jayanti
Khajuraho Dance Festival
Elephant Festival
Hoysla Mahotsava
Ellora Festival
April
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Good Friday
Easter
Baisakhi
Gudi Padva or Ugadi
Pooram
Muharram
Buddha Purnima
Mewar
May
1. Urs Festival
June
1. Ganga Dussehra
2. Hemis Festival
July
1. Rathyatra
2. Guru Purnima
August
1. Janmashtami
2. Onam
3. Nag Panchami
4. Rakshabandhan
5. Ganesh Chaturthi
September
1. Tarnetar Mela
October
2.
3.
4.
5.
Navratri
Durga Puja.
Dussehra
Marwar Festival
November
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Sharad Purnima
Diwali
Guru Purab
Ka Pomblang Nongrem
Sonepur Fair
Pushkar Fair
Hampi Festival
December
1. Christma
2. Konark Dance Festival
Asian Games
Games Serial Year
1
1951
2
Places
New Delhi(India)
Number of Countries Number of Sports Number of Players
11
6
491
1954 Manila(Philippines)
18
8
1021
3
1958
20
13
1422
4
1962 Jakarta(Indonesia)
16
13
1545
5
1966
Bangkok(Thiland)
18
14
1945
6
1970
Bangkon(Thiland)
18
13
1752
7
1974
Tehran(Iran)
25
16
2869
8
1978
Bangkok(Thiland)
25
19
3000
9
1982
New Delhi(India)
33
21
3447
10
1986
Seoul(S.Korea)
27
25
3883
11
1990
Beijing(China)
37
27
4500
12
1994
Hiroshima(Japan)
42
34
7300
13
1998 Bangkok(Thailand)
41
38
7000
14
2002
Busan(S.Korea)
44
38
9919
15
2006
Doha(Qatar)
45
39
10000+
16th
2010
Guang Zhou, China
Tokyo(Japan)
Biggest, Highest and Largest in India
Highest Award
Bharat Ratna
Highest Gallantry Award
Param Vir Chakra
Longest River in India
The Ganges
Longest Tributary river of India
Yamuna
Largest Lake
Wular Lake, Kashmir
Largest Lake (Saline Water)
Chilka Lake, Orrisa
Largest Man-Made Lake
Govind Vallabh Pant Sagar (Rihand Dam)
Largest Fresh Water Lake
Kolleru Lake (Andhra Pradesh)
Highest Lake
Devtal Lake, Gadhwal (Uttarakhand)
Highest Lake
Devatal (Gharhwal)
Karkoram-2
Highest Peak
of
K-2(8,611
Largest Populated City
Mumbai
Largest State(Area)
Rajasthan
Largest State(Population)
Uttar Pradesh
Highest rainfall
Cherrapunhi (426 inches per annum)
Highest Watefall
Nohkalikai Falls (335 meters, 1100 ft high) in Mysore
State wise
forest
meters)
Highest Peak in the world is Mount Everest which is in Nepal
largest
area
under
Madhya Pradesh
Largest Delta
Sunderbans Delta
Largest River without Delta
Narmada and Tapti
Longest Cantilever Span bridge
Howrah Bridge
Longest River Bridge
Mahatma Gandhi Setu, Patna
Biggest Cave temple
Ellora
Longest Road
Grand Trunk Road
Highest Road
Road at Khardungla,(in Leh-Manali Sector)
Biggest Mosque
Jama Masjid at Delhi
Highest Gateway
Buland Darwaza at Fatehpur Sikri (53.6 meters high)
Tallest Statue
Statue of Gomateshwar (17 meters high In Karnataka
Largest Public Sector Bank
State Bank of India
Longest Canal
Indira Gandhi Canal or Rajasthan Canal (Rajasthan)
Largest Dome
Gol Gumbaz at Bijapur
Largest Zoo
Zoological Garden at Alipur (Kolkata)
Largest Museum
India Museum at Kolkata
Longest Dam
Hirakud Dam (Orrisa)
Highest Dam
Tehri Dam ( 260 meters , 850 ft )
Highest Tower
Kutab Minar at Delhi (88.4 meters high)
Largest Desert
Thar (Rajasthan)
Largest District
Kutch district
Fastest Train
Shatabadi Express running between New Delhi and Bhopal
State with longest coastline
Gujarat
State with longest coastline of
Andhra Pradesh
South India
Longest Electric Railway Line
From Delhi to Kolkata via Patna
Longest Railway Route
From Assam to Kanyakumari
Longest Railway Platform
Kharagpur (W. Bengal)
Highest Railway Station
Ghum (W. Bengal)
Longest Platform
Kharagpur (West Bengal) 833 meters in Length. It is also the
longest railway station in world
Longest Tunnel
Jawahar tunnel (Jammu & Kashmir)
Longest Highway
NH-44 (NH-7) which turns from Varanasi to Kanyakumari
Smallest State (Population)
Sikkim
Smallest State (Area)
Goa
Largest State (Area)
Rajasthan
Largest State (Population)
Uttar Pradesh
Densest Populated State
West Bengal
Largest Cave
Amarnath (J&K)
Largest Cave Temple
Kailash Temple, Ellora (Maharastra)
Largest Animal Fair
Sonepur (Bihar)
Largest Auditorium
Sri Shanmukhanand Hall (Mumbai)
Biggest Hotel
Oberai-Sheraton (Mumbai)
Largest Port
Mumbai
Largest Gurudwara
Golden Temple, Amritsar
Deepest River Valley
Bhagirathi & Alaknanda
Largest Church
Saint Cathedral (Goa)
Oldest Church
St. Thomas Church at Palayar, Trichur (Kerala)
Longest River
Ganga (2640 km long)
Longest Beach
Marina Beach, Chennai
Highest Battle Field
Siachin Glacier
Highest Airport
Leh (Laddakh)
Biggest Stadium
Yuva Bharti (Salt Lake) Stadium, Kolkata
Largest River Island
Majuli (Brahmaputra River, Asom)
Largest Planetarium
Birla Planetarium (Kolkata)
Smallest Biggest in World
Largest Continent
Asia, 17,212,2000 square miles
Smallest Continent
Australia,312,2000 square miles
Highest Mountain
Mount Everest, Himalayan Mountains, Nepal-Tibet, 29,035 feet above sea level
Lowest Point on land
The Dead Sea, Israel-Jordan, water surface 1,349 feet below sea level
Deepest
Underwater Marina Trench, 200 miles southwest of Guam in the Pacific Ocean, 36,198 feet
Trench
below the ocean surface
Largest Sea
The Mediterranean Sea, 1,144,800 square miles
The Highest navigable lake is Lake Titicaca in Peru, 12,500 feet above sea
Highest Lake
level
Lowest Lake
The Dead Sea, Israel-Jordan, surface of water 1,349 feet below sea level
Largest Lake
Caspian Sea, 152,239 square miles
Largest
Freshwater
Lake
Lake Superior, US-Canada, 31,820 square miles
Deepest Ocean
Pacific Ocean, average depth 13,215 feet
Largest Ocean
Pacific Ocean, 60,060,700 square miles
Smallest Ocean
Arctic Ocean, 5,427,000 square miles
Largest Gulf
Gulf of Mexico, 615,000 square miles
Bay
The Bay of Bengal, 1,300,000 square miles
Largest Island
Greenland, 839,999 square miles
Largest Peninsula
Arabia, 1,250,000 square miles
Largest Archipelago
Indonesia, 3,500-mile stretch of 17,000 islands
Largest Gorge
Deepest Gorge
Longest
Mountain
Range
Grand Canyon, Colorado River, Arizona, US, 217 miles long, 4-18 miles wide, 1
mile deep
Hells Canyon, Snake River, Idaho, 7,900 feet deep
The Andes of South America, 5,000 miles
Longesr River
The Nile, Africa, 4,180 miles
Shortest River
The Roe, Montana, US, 200 feet long
Largest River
The Amazon, South America, basin of 2,500,000 square miles
Longesr Estuary
Ob River, Russia, 550 miles long, up to 50 miles wide
Larget Lagoon
Lagoa dos Patos, Brazil, 150 miles long, 4,500 square miles
Largest Waterfall
Angel Falls, Venezuela, 3,212 feet high
Oceans of the World (by Size)





Pacific (155,557,000 sq km)
Atlantic (76,762,000 sq km)
Indian (68,556,000 sq km)
Southern (20,327,000 sq km)
Artic (14,056,000 sq km)
Oldest Countries







San Marino (301 AD)
France (486 AD)
Bulgaria (632 AD)
Denmark (950 AD)
Portugal (1143 AD)
Andorra (1278 AD)
Switzerland (1291 AD)
Ocean's Greatest Depths




Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean 35,827 ft
Puerto Rico Trench, Atlantic Ocean 30,246
ft
Java Trench, Indian Ocean 24,460 ft
Arctic Basin, Arctic Ocean, 18,456 ft
Major Seas (by Size)













South China (2,974,600 sq km)
Caribbean (2,515,900 sq km)
Mediterranean (2,510,000 sq km)
Bering (2,261,100 sq km)
Gulf of Mexico (1,507,600 sq km)
Arabian Sea (1,498,320 sq km)
Sea of Okhotsk (1,392,100 sq km)
Sea of Japan (East Sea - 1,012,900 sq km)
Hudson Bay (730,100 sq km)
East China (664,600 sq km)
Andaman (564,900 sq km)
Black (507,900 sq km)
Red (453,000 sq km)
Youngest Countries








Montenegro (July 2006)
Serbia (July 2006)
East Timor (2002)
Palau (1994)
Czech Republic (1993)
Eritrea (1993)
Slovakia (1993)
Bosnia/Hertzegovina (1992)
Continents of the World (by Size)







#1 Asia (445,579,000 sq km)
#2 Africa (30,065,000 sq km)
#3 North America (24,256,000 sq km)
#4 South America (17,819,000 sq km)
#5 Antarctica (13,209,000 sq km)
#6 Europe (9,938,000 sq km)
#7 Australia/Oceania (7,687,000 sq km)
Continets by Population
Major Rivers (by length)








Nile, Africa (6,825 km)
Amazon, South America (6,437 km)
Chang Jiang (Yangtze), Asia (6,380 km)
Mississippi, North America (5,971 km)
Yenisey-Angara, Asia (5,536 km)
Huang(Yello), Asia (5,464 km)
Ob-Irtysh, Asia (5,410 km)
Amur, Asia (4,416 km)







#1 Asia
#2 Africa
#3 Europe
#4 North America
#5 South America
#6 Australia/Oceania
#7 Antarctica





Lena, Asia (4,400 km)
Congo, Africa (4,370 km)
Mackenzie-Peace, North America (4,241
km)
Mekong, Asia (4,184 km)
Niger, Africa (4,171 km)
Continents by number of Countries






#1 Africa (53)
#2 Europe (46)
#3 Asia (44)
#4 North America (23)
#5 Oceania (14)
#6 South America (12)
Major Lakes (by Size)














Caspian Sea, Asia-Europe (371,000 sq km)
Superior, North America (82,100 sq km)
Victoria, Africa (69,500 sq km)
Huron, North America (59,600 sq km)
Michigan, North America (57,800 sq km)
Tanganyika, Africa (32,900 sq km)
Baikal, Asia (31,500 sq km)
Great Bear, North America (31,300 sq km)
Aral Sea, Asia (30,700 sq km)
Malawi, Africa (28,900 sq km)
Great Slave, Canada (28,568 sq km)
Erie, North America (25,667 sq km)
Winnipeg, Canada (24,387 sq km)
Ontario, North America (19,529 sq km)
Deepest Lake (by Greatest Depth)





Baikal, Russian Fed. (5,315 ft)
Tanganyika, Africa (4,800 ft)
Caspian Sea, Asia-Europe (3,363 ft)
Malawi or Nyasa, Africa (2,317 ft)
Issyk-Kul, Kyrgyzstan (2,303 ft)
Tallest Mountains (on each Continent)







Mount Everest 8859 m - Asia
Aconcagua 6959 m - S. America
Mount McKinley 6194 m - N. America
Mount Kilimanjaro 5963 m - Africa
Mount Elbrus 5633 m - Europe
Puncak Jaya 4884 m - Oceania
Vinson Massif 4897 m - Antarctica
Countries with Most land Boundaries





China - 14
Russian Federation -14
Brazil - 10
Congo, Germany and Sudan - 10
Austria, France, Tanzania, Turkey and
Zambia - 8
Top 10 Tallest Mountains










Mount Everst, 8850m (29035 ft) - Nepal
Qogir (K2), 8611 m (28250 ft) - India
Kangchenjunga 8586 m (28169 ft) - Nepal
Lhotse, 8501 m (27929 ft) - Nepal
Makalu I, 8462 m (27765 ft) - Nepal
Cho Oyu, 8201 m (26906 ft) - Nepal
Dhaulagiri, 8167 m (26794 ft) - Nepal
Manaslu I, 8156 m (26758 ft) - Nepal
Nanga Parbat, 8125 m (26658 ft) - Pakistan
Annapurna I, 8091 m (26545 ft) - Nepal
Books by Indian Authors
Book Name
Author
A bend in the river
V.S. Naipal
A brush with life
Satish Gujral
A House of Mr. Biswar
V.S. Naipal
A Million Mutinies Now
V.S. Naipal
A Passage to England
Nirad C.Chodhury
A Prisoner's Scrapbook
L.K. Advani
A River Sutra
Gita Mehra
A sense of time
H.S.Vatsyayan
A strange and subline address
Amit Chaudhary
A suitable boy
Vikram Seth
A village by the sea
Anita Desai
A voice for freedom
Nayantara Sehgal
Aansoo
Jayashankar Prasad
Afternoon Raag
Amit Chaudhari
Ageless Body, Timeless Mind
Deepak Chopra
Agni Veena
Kazi Nazrul Islam
Ain-i-Akbari
Abul Fazal
Amar Kosh
Amar Singh
An autobiography
Jawaharlal Nehru
An Equal Music
Vikram Seth
An Idealist View of life
Dr. S. Radhakrishan
Amrit Aur Vish
Amrit Lal Nagar
Anamika
Suryakant Tripathi Nirala
Anandmath
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Areas of Darkness
V.S. Naipal
Arthashastra
Kautilya
Ashtadhyayi
Panini
Autobiography of an Unknown India
Nirad C. Choudhury
Bandicoot Run
Manohar Malgonkar
Beginning of the Beginning
Bhagwan Shri Rajneesh
Between the Lines
Kuldip Nayyar
Beyond Modernisation, Beyond Self
Sisirkumar Ghose
Bhagvad Gita
Ved Vyas
Bharat Bharati
Maithilisharan Gupt
Bharat Durdasha
Bhartendu Harischandra
Border and
Partition
Boundaries:
women
in
India's
Ritu Menon & Kamla Bhasin
Bharat Bharati
Maithili Saran Gupt
Breaking the Silence
Anees Jung
Bride and the Sahib and the other stories
Khushwant Singh
Broken Wings
Sarojini Naidu
Bubble, The
Mulk Raj Anand
Buddha Charitam
Ashwaghosh
By God's Decree
Kapil Dev
Chandalika
Rabindra Nath Tagore
Chandrakanta Santati
Devkinandan Khatri
Chemmen: Thakazhi
Sivasankara Pillai
Chitra
Rabindranath Tagore
Chitralekha
Bhagwati Charan Verma
Chitrangada
Rabindra Nath Tagore
Circle of Reason
Amitav Ghosh
Clear Light of Day
Anita Desai
Confessions of a Lower
Mulk Raj Anand
Confrontation with Pakistan
B. M. Kaul
Conquest of Self
Mahatma Ghandhi
Continent of Crime
Nirad C Chaudhary
Coolie
Mulk Raj Anand
Court Dancer
Rabindranath Tagore
Culture in the Vanity Bag
Nirad C Chaudhury
Days of My Years
H.P. Nanda
Daybhag
Jeemootwahan
Death of a City
Amrita Pritam
Devdas
Sharat Chandra Chatterjee
Discovery of India
Jawaharlal Nehru
Distant Drums
Manohar Malgonkar
Distint Neighbours: India
Kuldip Nayar
Divine Life
Swami Shivananda
Durgesh Nandini
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Dynamics of Social Change
Chandra Shekhar
Eight Lives
Rajmohan Gandhi
English August
Upamanyu Chatterjee
Essays on Gita
Sri Aurobindo Ghosh
Eternal Himalayas
Major H.P.S. Ahluwalia
Eternal India
Mrs Indira Gandhi
Faces of Everest
Major H.P.S. Ahluwalia
Foreign Policy of India
I.K. Gujral
Forty Nine Days
Amrita Pritam
From Rajpath to Lokpath
Vijaya Raje Scindia
Gaban
Munsi Premchand
Ganadevata
Tara Shankar Bandopadhyaya
Gardener
Rabindra Nath Tagore
Geet Govind
Jayadev
Ghasiram Kotwal
Vijay Tendulkar
Gitanjali
Rabindranath Tagore
Gita Rahasya
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Glimpses of World History
Jawaharlal Nehru
Godan
Prem Chand
Golden Threshold
Sarojini Naidu
Gora
Rabindra Nath Tagore
Guide
R.K. Narayanan
Harsha Charita
Bana Bhatta
Harvest
Manjula Padmanabhan
Heir Apparent
Dr. Karan Singh
Himalayan Blunder
Brigadier J.P. Dalvi
Hind Swaraj
M.K. Gandhi
Hindu View of Life
Dr. S. Radhakrishan
Hinduism
Nirad C. Choudhury
History of India
Romila Thapar
Hullabaloo in a Guava Orchard
Kiran Desai
Humanyunama
Gulbadan Beghum
Hungary Stones
Rabindranath Tagore
I follow the Mahatma
K.M. Munshi
Idols
Sunil Gavaskar
India After Nehru
Kuldip Nayyar
India Divided
Rajendra Prasad
India Unbound
Gurcharan Das
India of Our Dreams
M.V. Kamath
India Wins Freedom
Abdul Kalam Azad
India's Priceless Heritage
N.A. Palkhivala
Indian Philosophy
Dr. S. Radhakrishan
Indira Ghandi Returns
Khushwant Singh
Indira Gandhi: Badhate Kadam
Khushwant Singh
Inscrutable Americans
Anurag Mathur
Interpreter of Maladies
Jhumpa Lahiri
It's Always Possible
Kiran Bedi
Jai Somnath
K.M. Munshi
Jayadev
Geet Govind
Jhansi Ki Rani
Vrindavanlal Verma
Kadambari
Bana Bhatt
Kagaz Te Kanwas
Amrita Pritam
Kamasutra
S.H. Vatsyayan
Kanthapura
Raja Rao
Kapala Kundala
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Karmabhumi
Munsi Premchand
Kashmir: A Tale of Shame
Hari Jaisingh
Kashmr: A Tragedy of Errors Kayar
Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai
Kitab-ul-Hind
Al-Beruni
Kitni Nawon Kitni Bar
S.H. Vatsyayan
Kulliyat
Ghalib
Kumar Sambhava
Kalidas
Kurukshetra
Ramdhari Singh Dinkar
Last Burden
Upamanyu Chatterjee
Life Divine
Sri Aurobindo Ghosh
Lipika
Rabindranath Tagore
Lost Child
Mulk Raj Anand
Mahabharta
Ved Vyas
Mahatma Gandhi and his Apolstles
Ved Mehta
Malgudi Days
R.K. Narayanan
Malti Madhav
Bhavabhuti
Meghdootam
Kalidasa
Mitakshara
Vigyaneshwar
Mrichhakatikam
Shudrak
My Days
R.K. Narayanan
My India
S. Nihal Singh
My Life and Times
V.V. Giri
My Music, My Life
Pt. Ravi Shankar
My Presidental Years
R. Venkatraman
My Truth
Indira Gandhi
Mudra Rakshas
Vishakhadatta
Natural History
Plini
New Dimensions of India's Foreign Policy
A.B. Vajpayee
Nisheeth
Uma Shankar Joshi
Operation Bluestar: The True Story
Lt. Gen K.S. Brar
Our Films, Their Films
Satyajit Ray
Padmavat
Malik Mohammed Jayasi
Painter of Signs
R.K. Narayan
Panchatantra
Vishnu Sharma
Parineeta
Sharat Chandra Chatterji
Past Forward
G.R. Narayanan
Pather Panchali
Bibhuti Bhushan
Plain Speaking
N. Chandrababu Naidu
Portrait of India
Ved Mehta
Post Office
Rabindranath Tagore
Prem Pachisi
Munsi Prem Chand
Prem Vatika
Raskhan
Rajatarangini
Kalhana
Ram Charita Manas
Tulsidas
Ramayana
Maharishi Valmiki
Raghuvamsa
Kalidas
Ranghbhommi
Munsi Premchand
Ratnavali
Harsha Vardhan
Ravi Paar (Across the River)
Gulzar
Red Earth and Pouring Rain
Vikram Chandra
Ritu Samhara
Kalidas
Saket
Maithili Sharan Gupta
Satya Karischandra
Bhartendu Harischandra
Sakharam Binder
Vijay Tendulkar
Secular Agenda
Arun Shourie
Seven Summers
Mulk Raj Anand
Shadow from Ladakh
Bhabani Bhattacharya
Shahnama
Firdausi
Shrikant
Sharat Chandra Chatterji
Snakes and Ladders: Essays on India
Gita Mehta
Social Change in Modern India
M.N. Srinivas
Sultry Days
Shobha De
Sunny Days
Sunil Gavaskar
Sursagar
Sur Das
Swami and Friends
R.K. Narayanan
The Bride's Book of Beauty
Mulk Raj Anand
The Cat and Shakespeare
Raja Rao
The Company of Women
Khushwant Singh
The Critical Years: In Jail
Kuldip Nayyar
The Dark Room
R.K. Narayanan
The Degeneration of India
T.N. Seshan
The Glass Palace
Amitav Ghosh
The God of Small Things
Arundhati Roy
The Golden Gate
Vikram Seth
The Judgement
Kuldip Nayyar
The Men Who Killed Gandhi
Manohar Malgonkar
The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success
Deepak Chopra
The Songs of India
Sarojini Naidu
The Story of My Experiments with Truth
Mahatma Gandhi
The Strange and Subline Address
Amit Chaudhuri
The Sword and the Sickle
Mulk Raj Anand
The vendor of Sweets
R.K. Narayanan
The way of the Wizard
Deepak Chopra
Train to Pakistan
Khushwant Singh
Two Leaves and a Bud
Mulk Raj Anand
Untold Story
B. M. Kaul
Urvashi
Ramdhari Singh Dinkar
Visarjana
Rabindra Nath Tagore
Waiting for the Mahatma
R.K. Narayanan
Wake up India
Annie Besant
We, Indians
Khushwant Singh
Wreck, The
Rabindranath Tagore
Yama
Mahadevi Verma
Yashodhara
Maithili Sharan Gupt
Years of Pilgrimage
Dr. Raja Ramana
World Cup Football
Winners List
Year
Host Country
Winner
Score
2010
South Africa
Spain
Spain 1-0 Netherlands
2006
Germany
Italy
Italy 1-1 (5-3) France
2002
Japan / S. Korea Brazil
Brazil 2-0 Germany
1998
France
France
France 3-0 Brazil
1994
US
Brazil
Brazil 3-2 Italy
1990
Italy
Germany
Germany 1-0 Argentina
1986
Mexico
Argentina
Argentina 3-2 Germany
1982
Spain
Italy
Italy 3-1 Germany
1978
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina 3-1 Holland
1974
Germany
Germany
Germany 2-1 Holland
1970
Mexico
Brazil
Brazil 4-1 Italy
1966
England
England
England 4-2 Germany
1962
Chile
Brazil
Brazil 3-1 Czechoslovakia
1958
Sweden
Brazil
Brazil 5-2 Sweden
1954
Switzerland
Germany
Germany 3-2 Hungary
1950
Brazil
Uruguay
Uruguay 2-1 Brazil
1946
not held
1942
not held
1938
France
Italy
Italy 4-2 Hungary
1934
Italy
Italy
Italy 2-1 Czechoslovakia
1930
Uruguay
Uruguay
Uruguay 4-2 Argentina
Cricket World Cup Winners List
year
winner
Runner-up
2011
India
Sri Lanka
2007
Australia
Sri Lanka
2003
Australia
India
1999
Australia
Pakistan
1996
Sri Lanka
Australia
1992
Pakistan
England
1987
Australia
England
1983
India
West Indies
1979
West Indies
England
1975
West Indies
Australia
Hockey World Cup Winners List
Year
1971
1973
1975
1978
Host
Barcelona, Spain
Amstelveen,Netherlands
Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
Buenos Aires,Argentina
1982
Mumbai (Bombay),India
1986
London, England
1990
Lahore, Pakistan
Final
Third Place Match
Winner
Score
Pakistan
1–0
Netherlands
2–2
(4–2)
India
Pakistan
Pakistan
Penalty
strokes
2–1
3–2
3–1
Runner-up
Third Place
Score
Fourth Place
2–1
Spain
India
India
West Germany
Pakistan
West Germany
Netherlands
West Germany
Australia
Australia
after extra
time
1–0
4–0
4–3
4–2
Kenya
Pakistan
Malaysia
West Germany
Netherlands
3–2
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
Sydney, Australia
Utrecht,Netherlands
Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
Australia
Netherlands
2–1
3–1
England
Penalty
strokes
Pakistan
Netherlands
Australia
after extra
time
Australia
5–2
Germany
1–0
3–2
Netherlands
Germany
after extra
Spain
time
2–1
after extra
time
Soviet Union
2–1
1–1
(4–3)
Pakistan
West Germany
Germany
Germany
Australia
2–1
Australia
Netherlands
after extra
time
Korea
3–2
Mönchengladbach,Germany
New Delhi, India
The Hague,Netherlands
Germany
Australia
4–3
2–1
Australia
Spain
Germany
Netherlands
after extra
time
4–3
Korea
England
Highest Mountain Peaks of the World
Height
Mountain peak
Range
Location
ft.
m
Everest1
Himalayas
Nepal/Tibet
29,035 8,850
K2 (Godwin Austen)
Karakoram
Pakistan/China
28,250 8,611
Kanchenjunga
Himalayas
India/Nepal
28,169 8,586
Lhotse I
Himalayas
Nepal/Tibet
27,940 8,516
Makalu I
Himalayas
Nepal/Tibet
27,766 8,463
Cho Oyu
Himalayas
Nepal/Tibet
26,906 8,201
Dhaulagiri
Himalayas
Nepal
26,795 8,167
Manaslu I
Himalayas
Nepal
26,781 8,163
Nanga Parbat
Himalayas
Pakistan
26,660 8,125
Annapurna
Himalayas
Nepal
26,545 8,091
Gasherbrum I
Karakoram
Pakistan/China
26,470 8,068
Broad Peak
Karakoram
Pakistan/China
26,400 8,047
Gasherbrum II
Karakoram
Pakistan/China
26,360 8,035
Shishma Pangma (Gosainthan)
Himalayas
Tibet
26,289 8,013
Annapurna II
Himalayas
Nepal
26,041 7,937
Gyachung Kang
Himalayas
Nepal
25,910 7,897
Disteghil Sar
Karakoram
Pakistan
25,858 7,882
Himalchuli
Himalayas
Nepal
25,801 7,864
Nuptse
Himalayas
Nepal
25,726 7,841
Nanda Devi
Himalayas
India
25,663 7,824
Masherbrum
Karakoram
Kashmir2
25,660 7,821
Rakaposhi
Karakoram
Pakistan
25,551 7,788
Kanjut Sar
Karakoram
Pakistan
25,461 7,761
Kamet
Himalayas
India/Tibet
25,446 7,756
Namcha Barwa
Himalayas
Tibet
25,445 7,756
Gurla Mandhata
Himalayas
Tibet
25,355 7,728
Ulugh Muztagh
Kunlun
Tibet
25,340 7,723
Kungur
Muztagh Ata
China
25,325 7,719
Tirich Mir
Hindu Kush
Pakistan
25,230 7,690
Saser Kangri
Karakoram
India
25,172 7,672
Makalu II
Himalayas
Nepal
25,120 7,657
Minya Konka (Gongga Shan)
Daxue Shan
China
24,900 7,590
Kula Kangri
Himalayas
Bhutan
24,783 7,554
Chang-tzu
Himalayas
Tibet
24,780 7,553
Muztagh Ata
Muztagh Ata
China
24,757 7,546
Skyang
Kangri
Himalayas
Kashmir
24,750 7,544
Ismail Samani Peak (formerly
Communism Peak)
Pamirs
Tajikistan
24,590 7,495
Jongsong Peak
Himalayas
Nepal
24,472 7,459
Pobeda Peak
Tien Shan
Kyrgyzstan
24,406 7,439
Sia Kangri
Himalayas
Kashmir
24,350 7,422
Haramosh Peak
Karakoram
Pakistan
24,270 7,397
Istoro Nal
Hindu Kush
Pakistan
24,240 7,388
Tent Peak
Himalayas
Nepal
24,165 7,365
Chomo Lhari
Himalayas
Tibet/Bhutan
24,040 7,327
Chamlang
Himalayas
Nepal
24,012 7,319
Kabru
Himalayas
Nepal
24,002 7,316
Alung Gangri
Himalayas
Tibet
24,000 7,315
Baltoro Kangri
Himalayas
Kashmir
23,990 7,312
Muztagh Ata (K-5)
Kunlun
China
23,890 7,282
Mana
Himalayas
India
23,860 7,273
Baruntse
Himalayas
Nepal
23,688 7,220
Nepal Peak
Himalayas
Nepal
23,500 7,163
Amne Machin
Kunlun
China
23,490 7,160
Gauri Sankar
Himalayas
Nepal/Tibet
23,440 7,145
Badrinath
Himalayas
India
23,420 7,138
Nunkun
Himalayas
Kashmir
23,410 7,135
Lenin Peak
Pamirs
Tajikistan/Kyrgyzstan
23,405 7,134
Pyramid
Himalayas
Nepal
23,400 7,132
Api
Himalayas
Nepal
23,399 7,132
Pauhunri
Himalayas
India/China
23,385 7,128
Trisul
Himalayas
India
23,360 7,120
Korzhenevski Peak
Pamirs
Tajikistan
23,310 7,105
Kangto
Himalayas
Tibet
23,260 7,090
Nyainqentanglha
Nyainqentanglha Shan
China
23,255 7,088
Trisuli
Himalayas
India
23,210 7,074
Dunagiri
Himalayas
India
23,184 7,066
Revolution Peak
Pamirs
Tajikistan
22,880 6,974
Aconcagua
Andes
Argentina
22,834 6,960
Ojos del Salado
Andes
Argentina/Chile
22,664 6,908
Bonete
Andes
Argentina/Chile
22,546 6,872
Ama Dablam
Himalayas
Nepal
22,494 6,856
Tupungato
Andes
Argentina/Chile
22,310 6,800
Moscow Peak
Pamirs
Tajikistan
22,260 6,785
Pissis
Andes
Argentina
22,241 6,779
Mercedario
Andes
Argentina/Chile
22,211 6,770
Huascarán
Andes
Peru
22,205 6,768
Llullaillaco
Andes
Argentina/Chile
22,057 6,723
El Libertador
Andes
Argentina
22,047 6,720
Cachi
Andes
Argentina
22,047 6,720
Kailas
Himalayas
Tibet
22,027 6,714
Incahuasi
Andes
Argentina/Chile
21,720 6,620
Yerupaja
Andes
Peru
21,709 6,617
Kurumda
Pamirs
Tajikistan
21,686 6,610
Galan
Andes
Argentina
21,654 6,600
El Muerto
Andes
Argentina/Chile
21,463 6,542
Sajama
Andes
Bolivia
21,391 6,520
Nacimiento
Andes
Argentina
21,302 6,493
Illampu
Andes
Bolivia
21,276 6,485
Illimani
Andes
Bolivia
21,201 6,462
Coropuna
Andes
Peru
21,083 6,426
Laudo
Andes
Argentina
20,997 6,400
Ancohuma
Andes
Bolivia
20,958 6,388
Cuzco
Andes
Peru
20,945 6,384
(Ausangate)
Toro
Andes
Argentina/Chile
20,932 6,380
Tres Cruces
Andes
Argentina/Chile
20,853 6,356
Huandoy
Andes
Peru
20,852 6,356
Parinacota
Andes
Bolivia/Chile
20,768 6,330
Tortolas
Andes
Argentina/Chile
20,745 6,323
Chimborazo
Andes
Ecuador
20,702 6,310
Ampato
Andes
Peru
20,702 6,310
El Condor
Andes
Argentina
20,669 6,300
Salcantay
Andes
Peru
20,574 6,271
Huancarhuas
Andes
Peru
20,531 6,258
Famatina
Andes
Argentina
20,505 6,250
Pumasillo
Andes
Peru
20,492 6,246
Solo
Andes
Argentina
20,492 6,246
Polleras
Andes
Argentina
20,456 6,235
Pular
Andes
Chile
20,423 6,225
Chañi
Andes
Argentina
20,341 6,200
McKinley (Denali)
Alaska
Alaska
20,320 6,194
Aucanquilcha
Andes
Chile
20,295 6,186
Juncal
Andes
Argentina/Chile
20,276 6,180
Negro
Andes
Argentina
20,184 6,152
Quela
Andes
Argentina
20,128 6,135
Condoriri
Andes
Bolivia
20,095 6,125
Palermo
Andes
Argentina
20,079 6,120
Solimana
Andes
Peru
20,068 6,117
San Juan
Andes
Argentina/Chile
20,049 6,111
Sierra Nevada
Andes
Argentina
20,023 6,103
Antofalla
Andes
Argentina
20,013 6,100
Marmolejo
Andes
Argentina/Chile
20,013 6,100
Highest, Biggest, Largest & Longest in India
Award for Gallantry, Highest
Award, highest civilian
Bank with largest number of
branches
Road bridge, Longest
Cantilever Span Bridge, Largest
Cattle Fair, Largest
City, Most Populous
Corridor, Longest
Desert, Largest
Dam, Longest
Dam, Highest
Delta, Largest
Dome, Largest
Gateway, Highest
Lake, Largest
Literacy, Highest
Museum, Largest
Mosque, Biggest
Peak, Highest
Railway Platform, Longest
Railway Bridge, Largest
River, Longest
Rainfall, Highest (annual mean)
Road, Longest
Rock-cut Temple, Largest
State, maximum forest cover
Statue Tallest
State, Largest (area)
State, Most Populous
State with Maximum density of
population
Tunnel, Longest (Road)
Tunnel, Longest (Railway)
Tower, Highest
Waterfall, Highest
Zoo, Largest
Man-made Lake, Largest
Param Vir Chakra
Bharat Ratna
State Bank of India
Mahatma Gandhi Setu (across Ganga—Patna
5.575 Km.)
Howrah Bridge (Kolkata)
Sonepur Fair (Bihar)
Mumbai
Ramanathaswamy Corridor, Tamil Nadu (1,220
mt.)
Thar (Rajasthan)
Hirakud Dam (Odisha)
Bhakra Dam on river Sutlej (740 ft.)
Sunderban (12,872 Sq. km.)
Gol Gumbaz (Bijapur)
Buland Darwaja at Fatehpur Sikri (54 m.)
Wular Lake (Kashmir)
Kerala
Indian Museum (Kolkata)
Jama Masjid (Delhi)
K-2 (8,611 mt.)
Kharagpur, SE Railway (2,733 ft.)
Nehru Setu, Bihar (river Sone)
The Ganga river (2,525 km.)
Mowsyrnam near Cherrapunji (1,080 mm)
(Meghalaya)
Grand Trunk Road
KailashTemples, Ellora (Maharashtra)
Mizoram (cover 75.5% area)
Statue of Risabhnath (Khargone, M.P.) 84 ft.
Rajasthan (3,42,239 sq. km.)
Uttar Pradesh (16,61,97,921)
West Bengal (903 persons per sq. km.)
Jawahar Tunnel (J & K—1.75 miles)
Between Monkey Hill and Khandala
stations (2,100 mt. long)
Qutub Minar (Delhi, 72.5 mt.)
Gersoppa Waterfall, Mysore (290 m.)
Zoological Gardens, Kolkata
Govind Sagar (Bhakra)
Parliament of Different Countries
Country
Parliament
Afghanistan
Shora
Andorra
General Council
Albania
People's Assembly
Azerbaijan
Melli Majlis
Algeria
National People's Assembly
Angola
National People's Assembly
Argentina
National Congress
Australia
Federal Parliament
Austria
National Assembly
Bahamas
General Assembly
Bahrain
Consultative Council
Bangladesh
Jatiya Sansad
Belize
National Assembly
Bhutan
Tsogdu
Bolivia
National Congress
Brazil
National Congress
Brunei
National Assembly
Botswana
National Assembly
Britain
Parliment (House of Common's and House of Lords)
Bulgaria
Narodno Subranie.
Cambodia
National Assembly
Congo Democratic
Rep. of National Legislative Council
Colombia
Congress
Canada
Parliament
China
National People's Assembly
Chile
Chamber of Deputies and Senate
Comoros
Legislative Council and Senate
Costa Rice
Legislative Council and Senate
Crotia
Sabor
Cuba
National Assembly of People's Power
Czech Republic
Chamber of Deputies and Senate
Denmark
Folketing
Ecuador
Natinal Congress
El Salvador
Legislative Assembly
East Timor
Constituent Assembly
Ethiopia
Federal Council and House of Representative
Egypt
People's Assembly
Fiji Islands
Senate & House of Representative
France
National Assembly
Finland
Eduskusta (Parliament)
Germany
Bundestag (Lower House) and Bundesrat (Upper House)
Guyana
National Assembly
Greece
Chamber of Deputies
Hungry
National Assembly
Iceland
Althing
India
Sansad
Indonesia
People's Consultative Assembly
Iran
Majlis
Iraq
National Assembly
Israel
Knesset
Italy
Chamber of Deputies and Senate
Japan
Diet
Jordan
National Assembly
Korea(North)
Supreme People's Assembly
Korea(South)
National Assembly
Kuwait
National Assembly
Laos
People's Supreme Assembly
Labanon
National Assembly
Lesotho
National Assembly and Senate
Lithuania
Seimas
Luxembourg
Chamber of Deputies
Libya
General People's Congress
Malaysia
Dewan Rakyat and Dewan Negara
Maldives
Majlis
Madagascar
National People's Assembly
Mongolia
Great People's Khural
Montenegro
Federal Assembly
Mozambique
People's Assembly
Myanmar
Pyithu Hluttaw
Nepal
Rashtriya Panchayat
Netherlands
The Staten General
New Zealand
Parliament (House of Representative)
Oman
Monarchy
Pakistan
National Assembly & Senate
Paraguay
Senate & Chamber of Deputies
Philippines
The Congress
Papua New Guinea
National Parliament
Poland
Sejm
Romania
Great National Assembly
Russia
Duma & Federal Council
Serbia
Federal Assembly
Senegal
National Assembly
Seychelles
People's Assembly
South Africa Rep.
House of Assembly
Spain
Cortes
Sweden
Riksdag
Saudi Arabia
Majlis Al Shura
Sudan
Majlis Watani
Switzerland
Federal Assembly
Syria
People's Council
Turkey
Grand National Assembly
USA
Congress
Vietnam
National Assembly
Venezuela
National Congress
Zambia
National Assembly
Books and Author
Book's Name
Author's Name
A Bend in the River
V. S. Naipaul
A Bend in the River
V.S.Naipaul
A Gift of Monotheists
Ram Mohan Roy
A House for Mr.Biswas
V.S.Naipaul
A Journey
Tony Blair
A Minister and his Responsibilities
Morarji Bhai Desai
A Nation is Making
Surendra Nath Bandhopadhye
A Pair of Blue Eyes
Thomash Hardy
A Passage to India
E. M. Foster
A Revenue Stamp (autobiography)
Amrita Pritam
A Strange and Sublime Address
Amit Choudhary
A Suitable Boy
Bikram Seth
A Tale of Two Cities
Charls Dikens
A Voice of Freedom
Nayantara Shehgal
A week with Gandhi
L. Fischer
Adventures of Sherlock Homes
Arther Canon Doel
All the Prime Minister's Men
Janardan Thakur
Allahabad Prasasti
Harisen
Amitabh- the Making of the Superstar
Susmita Das Gupta
Amukta Malyad
Krishna Deva Raya
An Unknown Indian
Nirod C. Choudhary
Anand Math
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhaye
Anna Karenina
Leo Tolstoy
Aparajito
Bibhuti Bhushan Bandopadhyay
Apple Cart
G. B. Shaw
Aranyak
Bibhuti Bhushan Bandopadhyay
Arogyaniketan
Tarashankar Bandopadhyay
Astyadhaye
Panini
Bakul Katha
Ashapurna Devi
Ban Palashir Padabali
Ramapada Chowdhury
Bandit Queen
Mala Sen
Bela Obela Kalbela
Jibanananda Das
Bengali Zamindar
Nilmoni Mukherjee
Bicramanchadev
Bilhon
Blind Beauty
Boris Pasternak
Buddhacharit
Asha Ghosh
Captive Lady
Michel Madhusudan Dutta
Causes of the Indian Mutiny
Sir Syyed Ahmed Khan
Charitraheen
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
Chidambara
S. N. Panth
Circle of the Region
Amitabha Ghosh
City of Job Charnak
Nisith Ranjan Roy
Commedy Errors
Shekhspear
Conversations with Myself
Nelson Mandela
Coolie
Mulkraj Anand
Crisis of India
Ronal Segal
Das Capital
Karl Marks
Death of President
W. Marchent
Decamaren
Bocachio
Desert Village
Oliver Goldsmith
Devdas
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
Development as Freedom
Amartya Sen
Development as Freedom
Amartya Sen
Devi Chaudharani
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhaye
Devine Comedi
Dante
Divine Life
Sivanand
Economic History of India
Ramesh Chandra Dutta
End and Means
Huxlay
Faust
Goethe
Ferary Queen
Edmond Spensar
Freedom at Midnight
Lapierre & Collins
Friend Not Master
Ayub Khan
Ganadebata
Tarashankar Bandopadhyay
Gathering Strom
Churchil
Ghulam Giri
Jyotiba Phule
Global Crisis Recession and Uneven Recovery
Y.B. Reddy
Great Indian and Their Landmark Speeches
Manohar and Sarita Prabhakar
Guid
R. K. Narayanan
Gurdbaho
Bakpatiraj
Hero of Nymph
Aurobindo Ghosh
Hind Swaraj
M. K. Gandhi
Hindu View of Life
S. Radhakrishnan
Historica
Herodotus
I follow the Mahatma
K. M. Munshi
I Van Ho
Walter Scot
Ignited Minds - Unleashing the power within India
DR. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
In an Antique Land
Amitabh Ghosh
India 2020 - A Vision for the New Millennium
DR. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
India Divided
Rajendra Prashad
India for A Billion Reasons
Amit Dasgupta
India Wins Freedom
Abdul Kalam Azad
Indian Epigraphy
D. C. Sircar
Indian Village
S.C. Dube
Indian war and Independence
D. V. Savarkar
Indica
Megasthenis
Infinite Jest
David Foster Wallace
Inheritance of Loss
Kiran Desai
Jalsaghar
Tarashankar Bandopadhyay
Jhara Palak
Jibanananda Das
Jinnah- India, Partition, Independence
Jaswant Singh
Jungle Book
R. Kippling
Kanterbary Tells
Geofray Chosar
Kidnapped
Stevenson
Kubla Khan
Coleridge
Lalit Bihar
Ashwa Ghosh
Life Devine
Aurobindo Ghosh
Mahabhashya
Patanjali
Man and Superman
G. B. Shaw
Midnight Children
Salman Rushdi
Mitakshara
Vijnaneswara
Modernization of Indian Tradition
Yogendra Singh
Mother
Maxim Gorkay
Mother India
Katharin Mayo
Murder in Cathedral
Elliot
My Country My Life
Lal Krishna Advani
My Experiments With Truth
M.K. Gandhi
My Indian Years
Lord Hardinge II
My Journey
DR. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Myth of Independence
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Neel Darpan
Dinbandhu Mitra
etaji Dead or Alive
Samar Guha
New Dimensions of India's Foreign Policy
A. B. Vajpayee
New India
Annie Besant
One Night @ the Call Centre
Chetan Bhagat
Padma Nadir Majhi
Manik Bandopadhyay
Pakhtoon
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Palli Samaj
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
Paradise Lost
John Milton
Parineeta
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
Pather Panchali
Bibhuti BHushan Bandopadhaye
Poverty & Un-British Rule in India
Dadabhai Naoroji
Pratham Pratisruti
Ashapurna Devi
Precepts of Jesus
Ram Mohan Roy
Pride and Prejudice
Jane Austen
Principles of Sociology
Herbert Spencer
Prison Diary
Jay Prakash Narayan
Problems of the East
Lord Curzon
Putul Nacher Itikatha
Manik Bandopadhyay
Races and Cultures of India
D.N. Majumdar
Rajtarangini
Kalhan
Ramcharit
S. K. Nandi
Rashmirathi
Ramdhari Singh Dinkar
River of Smoke
Amitav Ghosh
Saket
Mathili Saran Gupta
Satyarth Prakash
Swami Dayanand
Shadow Line
Amitabh Ghosh
Shadow of Ladakh
B. Bhattacharia
Shape of Things To Come
H. G. Wells
Sitaram
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhaye
Social Structure of Values
Radha Kamal Mukherjee
Straight from the Heart
Kapil Dev
Subarnalata
Ashapurna Devi
Tahakak - E - HInd
Albiruni
Talisman
Walter Scott
The Algebra of Infinite Justice
Arundhati Roy
The Bandit Queen
Mala Sen
The City of Joy
Dhominic Lapier
The Discovery of India
Jawahar Lal Nehru
The God of Small Things
Arundhuti Roy
The Harry Potter Series
J. K. Rowling
The Indian Struggle
Subash Chandra Bose
The Indian War of Independence
V. D. Savarkar
The Inheritance of Loss
Kiran Desai
The Judgement
Kuldip Nayar
The Masque of Africa
V. S. Naipaul
The Miracle of Democracy: India's Amazing Journey
Mr. T. S. Krishnamurthy
The Nadars of Tamil Nadu
D.N. Dhanagre
The Nehrus; Motilal and Jawaharlal
B. R. Nanda
The Prince
Maciavaly
The Rediscovery of India
Meghnad Desai
The Satanic Verse
Salman Rushdi
The Science of Bharat Natyam
Saroja Vaidyanathan
The Sense of an Ending
Julian Barnes
The Silent Cry
Kenjaburo Ue
The Spirit of Islam
Syyed Amir Ali
The Village By the Sea
Anita Desai
The White Tiger
Aravind Adiga
Theory of Relativity
Alexander Doma
Three Marketiars
Einstein
To all fighters of freedom, Why Socialism?
J. P. Narayan
Truth, Love and A Little Malice
Khushwant Singh
Two Leaves and a Bud
Mulkraj Anand
Two Lives
Vikram Seth
Unhappy India
L. Roy
Urbashi
R. D. Dinkar
Utopia
Thomas Moor
Vision of the Past
Michel Madhusudan Dutta
Volga Se Ganga
Rahul Sankritayan
War and Peace
Tolstoy
What Congress and Gandhi have done to the untouchables
B. R. Ambedkar
Wings of Fire
DR. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
List of National Games of all countries
Country
Sport
Afghanistan
Buzkashi
Anguilla
Yacht racing
Antigua and Barbuda
Cricket
Barbados
Cricket
Bermuda
Cricket
Bhutan
Archery
Cuba
Baseball
Dominican Republic
Baseball
Finland
Pesäpallo
Grenada
Cricket
Guyana
Cricket
India
Field hockey
Israel
Association Football
Ireland ("national games") Gaelic games
Jamaica
Cricket
Japan
Sumo
Latvia
Basketball (summer), Ice hockey (winter)
Lithuania
Basketball
Madagascar
Rugby union
New Zealand
Rugby union
Norway
Cross-country skiing
Pakistan
Field Hockey
Papua New Guinea
Rugby league
Peru
Paleta Frontón
Romania
Oină
Russia
Bandy
Scotland
Golf
Slovenia
Alpine skiing
Turkey ("ancestral sports") Wrestling& Cirit
Turks and Caicos Islands
Cricket
United States
Baseball (spring/summer), American football (autumn)
Wales
Rugby union
FAMOUS SITES IN INDIA
1) Adina Mosque: Pandua (West Bengal)
2) Ajanta Caves: Aurangabad (Maharashtra)
3) Akbar’s Tomb: Sikandra, Agra
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Aksherdham: Gandhinagar, Gujarat
Amarnath Cave: Kashmir
Amber Palace: Jaipur (Rajasthan)
Anand Bhawan: Allahabad
Bibi Ka Maqbra: Aurangabad
Birla Planetarium: Kolkata
Black Pagoda: Konarak (Orissa)
Bodhistava: Ajanta Caves
Brihadeeswara: Tanjore Temple
Brindaban Gardens: Mysore
Buland Darwaza: Fatehpur Sikri
Char Minar: Hyderabad
Cheena Kesava Temple: Bellur
Chilka Lake: East Coast of India near Bhubaneswar
Dal Lake: Srinagar
Dilwara Temples: Mt Abu
Elephanta Caves: Mumbai
Ellora Caves: Aurangabad
Gateway of India: Mumbai
Golden Temple: Amritsar
Gol Gumbaz: Bijapur
Hanging Gardens: Mumbai
Hawa Mahal: Jaipur
Howrah Bridge: Kolkata
Island Palace: Udaipur
Itmad-ud-Daulah’s Tomb: Agra
Jagannath Temple: Puri
Jahaz Mahal: Mandu
Jai Stambha (Tower of Victory): Chittorgarh
Jama Masjid: Delhi
Jantar Mantar: New Delhi
Jog (Gersoppa) Falls: Mysore
Kailasa Temple: Ellora
Kalan Masjid: Delhi
Kanyakumari Temple: Cape Comorin (Tamil Nadu)
Khajuraho: Bhopal
Konarak: Puri
Lakshmi Vilas Palace: Baroda
Lal Bagh Garden: Bengaluru
Lalgarh Palace: Bikaner
Lingaraj Temple: Bhubaneswar
Mahakaleshwar Temple: Ujjain
Maheshmurti (Trimurti): Elephanta Caves
Mahmud Gawan’s Mosque: Bidar
Malabar Hill: Mumbai
Marble Rocks: Jabalpur
50)
51)
52)
53)
54)
55)
56)
57)
Marina: Chennai
Minakshi Temple: Madurai
Mt Girnar (Jain Temples): Junagadh
Nagin Lake: Srinagar
Nataraja: Chennai
Nishat Bagh: Srinagar
Padmanabha Temple: Thiruvanthapuram
Palitana: Junagadh
FAMOUS SITES IN INDIA
1.
Panch Mahal: Fatehpur Sikri
2.
Pichola Lake: Udaipur
3.
Qutab Minar: Delhi
4.
Raj Ghat: Delhi
5.
Rashtrapati Bhawan: Delhi
6.
Red Fort: Delhi
7.
Sanchi Tope (The Great Stupa): Sanchi, Bhopal
8.
Santa Cruz: Mumbai
9.
Shakti Sthal: Delhi
10.
Shalimar Bagh: Srinagar
11.
Shahi Chashma: Srinagar
12.
Shanti Van: Delhi
13.
Shore Temple: Mahabalipuram
14.
Sidi Sayyid Mosque: Ahmedabad
15.
Somnathpur Temple: Mysore
16.
Statue of Gomateswara: Mysore
17.
Statue of Ugra: Hampi
18.
Sunderbans: West Bengal
19.
Sun Temple: Konarak
20.
Taj Mahal: Agra
21.
Tehzeeb Mahal: Srinagar
22.
Tirupati Temple: Andhra Pradesh
23.
Tower of Silence: Mumbai (of the Parsis)
24.
Victoria Memorial: Kolkata
25.
Victoria Garden: Mumbai
26.
Vijay Ghat: Delhi
CAPITALS OF COUNTRIES
Afghanistan: Kabul
Albania: Tirana
Algeria: Algiers
Angola: Luanda
Antigua & Barbuda: St John’s
Argentina: Buenos Aires
Armenia: Yerevan
Australia: Canberra
Austria : Vienna
Azerbijan: Baku
Bahamas: Nassau
Bahrain: Manama
Bangladesh: Dhaka
Barbados: Bridgetown
Belgium: Brussels
Belarus: Minsk
Belize: Belmopan
Benin: Porto Novo
Bhutan: Thimpu
Bosnia-Herzegovina : Sarajevo
Botswana: Gaberones
Bolivia: La Paz
Brazil: Brasillia
Brunei: Bandar Seri Begawan
Bulgaria: Sofia
Burkina Faso: Ouagadougau
Burundi : Bujumbura
Cambodia: Phnom Penh
Cameroon: Yaounde
Canada: Ottawa
Cape Verde: Praia
Central African Republic: Bangui
Chad: Fort Lamy
Chile: Santiago
China: Beijing
Colombia: Bogota
Congo: Brazzaville
Costa Rica: San Jose
Croatia: Zagreb
Cuba: Havana
Cyprus: Nicosia
Czech Republic: Prague
Denmark: Copenhagen
Djibouti : Djibouti
Dominican Republic: Santo Domingo
East Timor: Dilli
Ecuador: Quito
Egypt: Cairo
Equatorial Guinea: Santa Isabel
Eritrea: Asmara
Lesotho: Maseru
Liberia: Verduz
Libya: Tripoli
Liechtenstein: Vaduz
Lithuania: Vilnius
Luxembourg: Luxembourg
Macedonia: Skopje
Madagascar: Antananarivo
Malawi: Zomba
Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur
Maldives: Male
Mali: Bamako
Malta: Valletta
Mauritius: Port Louis
Mauritania: Nouakchott
Mexico: Mexico City
Moldova: Chisinan
Monaco: Monaco
Mongolia: Ulan Bator
Morocco: Rabat
Mozambique: Lourenco Marques
Myanmar (Burma): Rangoon
Namibia: Windhoek
Nauru: Yaren
Nepal : Kathmandu
Netherlands: Amsterdam
New Zealand : Wellington
Niger: Niamey
Nigeria: Abuja
Northern Ireland: Belfast
Norway : Oslo
Oman: Muscat
Pakistan: Islamabad
Palau: Koror
Palestine: Jericho (Headquarters)
Panama: Panama City
Papua New Guinea: Port Moresly
Paraguay: Asuncion
Peru: Lima
Philippines: Manila
Poland: Warsaw
Portugal: Lisbon
Qatar: Doha
Romania: Bucharest
Russia: Moscow
Rwanda: Kigali
Saudi Arabia: Riyadh
Senegal: Dakar
Serbia: Belgrade
Seychelles: Victoria
Estonia: Tallion
Ethiopia: Addis Ababa
Fiji: Suva
Finland: Helsinki
France: Paris
Gabon: Libreville
Gambia: Banjul
Georgia: Tiblisi
Germany: Berlin
Ghana: Accra
Greece: Athens
Grenada: St George’s
Guatemala: Guatemala City
Guinea: Conakry
Guinea-Bissau: Bissau
Guyana: Georgetown
Honduras: Tegucigalpa
Hungar: Budapest
India: New Delhi
Indonesia: Jakarta
Iran: Tehran
Iraq: Baghdad
Ireland (or Eire): Dublin
Israel: Jerusalem
Italy: Rome
Ivory Coast: Abidjan
Jamaica: Kingston
Japan: Tokyo
Jordan: Amman
Kenya: Nairobi
Kazakhstan: Alma-Ata
Kirghiztan: Bishkek
Kiribati: Tarawa
Korea (North): Pyongyang
Korea (South): Seoul
Latvia: Riga
Latvia: Riga
Laos: Vientiane
Lebanon: Beirut
Sierra Leone: Freetown
Singapore: Singapore City
Slovakia: Bratislava
Slovenia: Ljubejana
South Africa: Pretoria and Cape Town
Somalia: Magadishu
Spain: Madrid
Sri Lanka: Colombo
Sudan: Khartoum
Suriname: Paramaribo
Swaziland: Mbabne
Sweden: Stockholm
Switzerland: Berne
Syria: Damascus
Tajikistan: Dushanbe
Taiwan: Taipei
Tanzania: Dodoma
Thailand: Bangkok
Togoland: Lome
Tonga: Nuku’alofa
Trinidad and Tobago: Port-of-Spain
Tunisia: Tunis
Turkey: Ankara
Turkmenistan: Ashkhabad
Uganda: Kampala
Ukraine: Kiev
United Arab Emirates: Abu Dhabi
United Kingdom: London
Upper Volta: Quagadougon
Uruguay: Montivideo
U.S.A.: Washington
Uzbekistan: Tashkent
Vanuatu: Port Vile
Vietnam: Hanoi
Western Samoa: Apia
Yemen: San’a
Zaire Republi: Kinshasa
Zambia: Lusaka
Zimbabwe: Harare
GEOGRAPHICAL EPITHETS
1. Bengal’s Sorrow: Damodar River
2. Blue Mountains: Nilgiri Hills
3. China’s Sorrow: Hawang-Ho
4. City Beautiful: Chandigarh
5. City of Dreaming Spires: Oxford
6. City of Golden Gate: San Francisco
7. City of Magnificent Buildings: Washington
8. City of Palaces: Calcutta
9. City of Seven Hills: Rome
10. City of Sky-scrapers: New York
11. Cockpit of Europe: Belgium
12. Dark Continent: Africa
13. Emerald Isle: Ireland
14. Eternal City: Rome
15. Forbidden City: Lhasa (Tibet)
16. Garden City: Chicago
17. Gate of Tears: Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb
18. Gateway of India: Bombay
19. Gift of the Nile: Egypt
20. Granite City: Aberdeen
21. Hermit Kingdom: Korea
22. Herring Pond: Atlantic Ocean
23. Holy Land: Palestine
24. Island Continent: Australia
25. Island of Cloves: Zanzibar
26. Isle of Pearls: Bahrain (Persian Gulf)
27. Key to the Mediterranean: Gibraltar
28. Land of Cakes: Scotland
29. Land of Golden Fleece: Australia
30. Land of Maple: Canada
31. Land of Morning Calm: Korea
32. Land of Thousand Lakes: Finland
33. Land of the Midnight Sun: Norway
34. Land of the Rising Sun: Japan
35. Land of the Thunderbolt: Bhutan
36. Land of White Elephant: Thailand
37. Loneliest Island: Tristan De Gunha (Mid-Atlantic)
38. Never Never land: Vast Prairies of N. Australia
39. Pearl of the Antilles: Cuba
40. Pearl of the Pacific: Guayaquil port of Ecuador
41. Pillars of Hercules: Straits of Gibraltar
42. Playground of Europe: Switzerland
43. Quaker City: Philadelphia
44. Queen of the Adriatic: Venice
45. Roof of the World: The Pamirs, Central Asia
46. Rose-pink City: Jaipur
47. Sorrow of China: Yellow River
48. Spice Garden of India: Kerala
49. Sugar bowl of the World: Cuba
50. Venice of the East: Alappuzha
51. Venice of the North: Stockholm
52. White man’s grave: Guinea Coast of Africa
53. Windy City: Chicago
TRIBES & RACES
Afridis: A war-like race of hill men on the north-west frontier of Pakistan (tribal area of Waziristan).
Bedouins: Nomadic tribe of Arabia, spread over the whole of Northern Africa and Western Asia.
Bhils: a primitive Dravidian race inhabiting Central India.
Boer: a name applied to South Africans of Dutch or Huguenot descent, especially to early settlers of
Transvaal and the Orange Free State and their descendants.
Bushmen: They live in the Kalahari desert. They are probably the descendants of the earliest
inhabitants of Africa. They rank among the most uncivilized and backward peoples in the world. Their
food consists almost entirely of meat, often raw or decomposed, and in times of scarcity they will eat
insects, snakes etc.
Cossacks: Peasants of the south-eastern border land of Poland, or Ukraina are known as Cossacks.
Many of them belong to Turkic people while many others are of a mix descent.
Eskimos: Race living in the Arctic regions: Greenland, Alaska, Labradors and the extreme north-east
corner of Siberia.
Karbis: are natives of Assam.
Khasis: are a tribe inhabiting the Khasi and Jaintia hills in the north-eastern hilly tracts in Meghalaya
State of India. The Khasis have their own distinctive language and culture.
Kikuyu: are a race of Bantu negroes who live in the north of Mount Kenya. They combine agriculture
with pastoralism.
Kirghiz: of Central Asia are an example of people adopted to a grassland environment. They are
pastoral nomads who move from pasture to pasture with the flocks and herds of horses, camels, oxen,
sheep and goats. Meat forms only a small portion of their food. The Kirghiz are fearless horsemen, and
even their children are expert riders.
Kiwis: inhabit New Zealand.
Lambadies: are concentrated in Karnataka State of India.
Lepchas: are aborigins of Sikkim and Darjeeling. They are one of the Scheduled Tribes of the Hills,
recognised by the Government of India.
Magyars: the Hungarian race who came to Eastern Europe from south-west Asia and settled in
Hungary in the 10th century.
Mahsud: Hill-tribe living in north-west of Pakistan.
Maoris: are the original inhabitants of New Zealand. The Maoris are tall, muscular, handsome people,
with brown skin and black hair. They are greatly skilled in stone and wood-carving.
Masai: of the east African Plateau are the example of pastoral people. They are tall, strong, warlike
race, partly negroid in type. They treat their cattle with great respect and affection and do not kill
them for food or for sale as meat.
Moplas: A Muslim tribe of Malabar (Kerala, India).
Mayas: A large group of American Indians living in the highlands of Gauatemala.
Munda: They are mostly located in the State of Madhya Pradesh in India.
Nagas: Hill tribe of Nagaland (India).
Negritos: are the ancient tribes of Andamans.
Negro: A race of men distinguished by dark skin, fuzzy hair, broad and protruding lips, living in southwest and Central Africa.
Red Indians: Race living in U.S.A. between the rocky Mountains and the Missouri River. They are
original inhabitants of America.
Santhals: Aboriginal natives of Orissa and Chhotanagpur.
Semangs: are tribal people living in Malaysia.
Todas: They are aboriginal tribe of the Nilgiris (India).
Zulus: are a race of negroid people in Natal (South Africa), having close ethnic, linguistic and cultural
ties with the Swazis and the Bantus.
Prime Minister of India
Name of Prime Minister
Tenure
Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964)
15 August 1947-27 May 1964
Gulzari Lal Nanda (1898-1997)
27 May 1964- 9 June 1964 (Acting)
Lal Bahadur Shastri (1904-1966)
9 June 1964-11 January 1966
Gulzari Lal Nanda (1898-1997)
11 January 1964 - 24 January 1966 (Acting)
Indira Gandhi (1917-1984)
24 January 1966 -24 March 1977
Morarji Desai (1896-1995)
24 March 1977- 28 July 1979
Charan Singh (1902-1987)
28 July 1979- 14 January 1980
Indira Gandhi (1917-1984)
14 January 1980- 31 October 1984
Rajiv Gandhi (1944-1991)
31 October 1984- 1 December 1989
Vishwanath Pratap Singh (b-1931)
2 December 1989- 10 November 1990
Chandra Shekhar (b-1927)
10 November 1990- 21 June 1991
P.V Narasimha Rao (b-1921)
21 June 1991- 16 May 1996
Atal Bihari Vajpayee (b-1926)
16 May 1996- 01 June 1996
H.D Deva Gowda (b-1933)
01 June 1996- 21 April 1997
I.K Gujral (b-1933)
21 April 1997- 18 March 1998
Atal Bihari Vajpayee (b-1926)
19 March 1998- 13 October 1999
Atal Bihari Vajpayee (b-1926)
13 October 1999- 22 May 2004
Dr. Manmohan Singh (b-1932)
22 May 2004- till date
List of Presidents in India
Tenure
Presidents of India
Birth/death
Dr.Rajendra Prasad
1884-1963
01/26/50 to 05/13/62
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
1888-1975
05/13/62 to 05/13/67
Zakir Hussain
1897-1969
05/13/67 to 05/03/69
Varahagiri Venkata Giri
1894-1980
05/03/69 to 07/20/69
Muhammad Hidayatullah
1905-1992
07/20/69 to 08/24/69
Varahagiri Venkata Giri
1894-1980
08/24/69 to 08/24/74
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
1905-1977
08/24/74 to 02/11/77
Basappa Danappa Jatti
1912-2002
02/11/77 to 07/25/77
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
1913-1996
07/25/77 to 07/25/82
Giani Zail Singh
1916-1994
07/25/82 to 07/25/87
Ramaswamy Venkataraman (4 December 1910)
1910-2009
07/25/87 to 07/25/92
Shankar Dayal Sharma (Born on 19 August 1918)
1918-1999
07/25/92 to 07/25/97
Kocheril Raman Narayanan (Born on 27 October
1920)
1920-2005
07/25/97 to 07/25/02
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (Born on 15 October 1931)
1931
07/25/02 to 07/25/07
Smt. Pratibha Patil
1934
07/25/07 to 07/25/12
Pranab Mukherjee
1935
07/25/12 to ___________
Vice-Presidents of India
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
Dr. Zakir Hussain
Varahagiri Venkata Giri
Gopal Swarup Pathak
Basappa Danappa Jatti
Muhammad Hidayat Ullah
Ramaswamy Venkataraman
Shankar Dayal Sharma
Kocheril Raman Narayanan
Krishan Kant
Bhairon Singh Shekhawat
Shri Mohd. Hamid Ansari
May 13, 1952 to May 12, 1962
May 13, 1962 to May 12, 1967
May 13, 1967 to May 3, 1969
August 31, 1969 to August 30, 1974
August 31, 1974 to August 30, 1979
August 31, 1979 to August 30, 1984
August 31, 1984 to July 27, 1987
September 3, 1987 to July 24, 1992
August 21, 1992 to July 24, 1997
August 21, 1997 to July 27, 2002
August 19, 2002 to 11th August 2007 to till date
Lok Speaker of India
Lok Sabha
First meeting
Dissolution
Speaker
Tenure
Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar
15 May, 1952-27 – February, 1956
1st t Lok Sabha
13 May, 1952
4 April, 1957
M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar
8 March, 1956 – 10 May, 1957
2nd Lok Sabha
10 May, 1957
31 March, 1962
M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar
11 May, 1957 – 16 April, 1962
3rd
16 April, 1962
3 March, 1967
Hukam Singh
17 April, 1962 – 16 March, 1967
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
17 March, 1967 – 19 July, 1969
Gurdial Singh Dhillon
8 August, 1969 – 19 March, 1971
Gurdial Singh Dhillon
22 March, 1971 – 1 December, 1975
Bali Ram Bhagat
5 January, 1976 – 25 March, 1977
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
26 March, 1977 – 13 July, 1977
K. S. Hegde
21 July, 1977 – 21 January, 1980
Lok Sabha
4th Lok Sabha
5th Lok Sabha
16 March, 1967
19 March, 1971
7 December, 1970
18 January, 1977
6th Lok Sabha
25 March, 1977
22 August, 1979
7th Lok Sabha
21 January, 1980
31 December, 1984 Bal Ram Jakhar
22 January, 1980 – 15 January,
1985
8th Lok Sabha
15 January, 1985
27 November, 1989 Bal Ram Jakhar,
16 January, 1985 – 18 December,
1989
9th Lok Sabha
18 December, 1989
13 March, 1991
Ravi Ray
19 December, 1989 – 9 July, 1991
10th Lok Sabha
9 July, 1991
10 May, 1996
Shivraj V. Patil
10 July, 1991 – 22 May, 1996
22 May, 1996
4 Dec., 1997
P. A. Sangma
23 May, 1996 – 23 March, 1998 (FN)
12th Lok Sabha
23 March, 1998,
26 April, 1999
G. M. C. Balayogi
24 March, 1998 – 20 October, 1999
(FN)
13th Lok Sabha
20 October, 1999
6 February, 2004
G. M. C. Balayogi
22 October, 1999 – 3 March, 2002
Manohar Joshi
10 May, 2002 – 4 June, 2004
14th Lok Sabha
2 June, 2004
—
Somnath Chatterjee
4 June, 2004 – 31 May, 2009
—
Smt. Meira Kumar
3 June, 2009 – Till date
11
th
15th
Lok Sabha
Lok Sabha
Language of States
Speakers
Language
(in millions, 20
01)
[25]
State(s)
Assamese/Axomiya
13
Assam, Arunachal Pradesh
Bengali
83
West Bengal, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Bodo
1.4
Assam
Dogri
2.3
Jammu and Kashmir
Gujarati
46
Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Gujarat
Hindi
258–422[26]
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Arunachal
Pradesh, Bihar, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, the national
capital territory of Delhi, Haryana,Himachal
Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar
Pradesh and Uttarakhand ( All over Country)
Kannada
38
Karnataka
Kashmiri
5.5
Jammu and Kashmir
Konkani
2.5–7.6[27]
Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala
Maithili
12–32[28]
Bihar
Malayalam
33
Kerala, Andaman and Nicobar
Islands, Lakshadweep, Pondicherry
Manipuri (also Meithei)
1.5
Manipur
Marathi
72
Maharashtra, Goa, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman and
Diu, Madhya Pradesh
Nepali
2.9
Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam
Oriya
33
Orissa
Punjabi
29
Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab
Sanskrit
0.01
non-regional
Santhali
6.5
Santhal tribals of the Chota Nagpur Plateau (comprising
the states of Bihar, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa)
Sindhi
2.5
non-regional
Tamil
61
Tamil Nadu, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Pondicherry
Telugu
74
Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Pondicherry
Urdu
52
Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Bihar, Uttar
Pradesh and Uttarakhand
National Festival of India
S.No
1
Name of Indian National Festival
Aug 15 - Independence Da
2
Jan 26 Republic Day
3
Oct 2 - Gandhi Jayanti
Importance of National Festival
The red-letter day in the Indian calendar when India
achieved freedom from the British rule on this day in the
year 1947
The day when India became a truly sovereign state
as the constitution of India came into force on this
day in the year 1950
The birth anniversary of Father of the Nation Mahatma
Gandhi who was born on this day in the year 1869.
List of Indian Folk Dances by Indian States and Union Territories:
Sl. No.
States
Folk Dance
1.
Andhra Pradesh
Thapetta Gullu
2.
Arunachal Pradesh
Bardo Chham
3.
Assam
Bihu
4.
Bihar
Karma/Munda
5.
Chhattisgarh
Panthi, Raut Nacha
6.
Goa
Koli, Tarangmel
7.
Gujarat
Dandiya, Garba, Padhar, Raas
8.
Haryana
Ghoomar
9.
Himachal Pradesh
Kinnauri Nati
10.
Jammu and Kashmir
Dumhal (Kashmir), Spaw (Ladakh)
11.
Jharkhand
12.
Karnataka
Dollu Kunitha, Yakshagana
13.
Kerala
Padayani
14.
Madhya Pradesh
Charkula, Jawara, Tertali
15.
Maharashtra
Pavri Nach, Tamasha/Lavani, Dindi
16.
Manipur
Dol cholam, Thang Ta
17.
Meghalaya
18.
Mizoram
19.
Nagaland
20.
Orissa
Ruk Mar Nacha (Chhau dance ), Dalkai, Goti Pua
21.
Punjab
Bhangra, Giddha
22.
Rajasthan
Chari, Kalbelia, Ghoomar, Fire Dance, Kachhi Gori
23.
Sikkim
Singhi Chham
24.
Tamil Nadu
Devarattam, Kummi, Poikal Kudirai Attam, Kamandi or Kaman Pandigai,
Kolattam, Mayil Attam or Peacock dance, Theru Koothu
25.
Tripura
Hojagiri
26.
Uttarakhand
27.
Uttar Pradesh
28.
West Bengal
Sl. No.
Cheraw Dance
Union Territories
Folk Dance
1.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Nicobarese dances
2.
Chandigarh
3.
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
4.
Daman and Diu
5.
Delhi
6.
Lakshadweep
Lava
7.
Pondicherry
Garadi
Currency of Countries
S.No
1
Country
Afghanistan
Currency
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
British Indian Ocean Territory
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burma
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Canton and Enderbury Islands
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Albanian lek
Algerian dinar
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Afghan afghani
see United States
see Spain and France
Angolan kwanza
East Caribbean dollar
East Caribbean dollar
Argentine peso
Armenian dram
Aruban florin
Australian dollar
European euro
Azerbaijani manat
Bahamian dollar
Bahraini dinar
Bangladeshi taka
Barbadian dollar
Belarusian ruble
European euro
Belize dollar
West African CFA franc
Bermudian dollar
Bhutanese ngultrum
Bolivian boliviano
Bosnia and Herzegovina konvertibilna marka
Botswana pula
Brazilian real
see United Kingdom
Brunei dollar
Bulgarian lev
West African CFA franc
see Myanmar
Burundi franc
Cambodian riel
Central African CFA franc
Canadian dollar
see Kiribati
Cape Verdean escudo
Cayman Islands dollar
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Christmas Island
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Congo, Democratic Republic
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Côte d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Dronning Maud Land
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands (Føroyar)
Falkland Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Guiana
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Gibraltar
Great Britain
Central African CFA franc
Central African CFA franc
Chilean peso
Chinese renminbi
see Australia
see Australia
Colombian peso
Comorian franc
Central African CFA franc
Congolese franc
see New Zealand
Costa Rican colon
West African CFA franc
Croatian kuna
Cuban peso
European euro
Czech koruna
Danish krone
Djiboutian franc
East Caribbean dollar
Dominican peso
see Norway
see Timor-Leste
uses the U.S. Dollar
Egyptian pound
uses the U.S. Dollar
Central African CFA franc
Eritrean nakfa
Estonian kroon
Ethiopian birr
see Denmark
Falkland Islands pound
Fijian dollar
European euro
European euro
see France
CFP franc
Central African CFA franc
Gambian dalasi
Georgian lari
European euro
Ghanaian cedi
Gibraltar pound
see United Kingdom
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea-Bissau
Guinea
Guyana
Haiti
Heard and McDonald Islands
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
International Monetary Fund
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Ivory Coast
Jamaica
Japan
Jersey
Johnston Island
Jordan
Kampuchea
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, North
Korea, South
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
European euro
see Denmark
East Caribbean dollar
see France
see United States
Guatemalan quetzal
see United Kingdom
West African CFA franc
Guinean franc
Guyanese dollar
Haitian gourde
see Australia
Honduran lempira
Hong Kong dollar
Hungarian forint
Icelandic króna
Indian rupee
Indonesian rupiah
Special Drawing Rights
Iranian rial
Iraqi dinar
European euro
see United Kingdom
Israeli new sheqel
European euro
see Côte d'Ivoire
Jamaican dollar
Japanese yen
see United Kingdom
see United States
Jordanian dinar
see Cambodia
Kazakhstani tenge
Kenyan shilling
see Australia
North Korean won
South Korean won
Kuwaiti dinar
Kyrgyzstani som
Lao kip
Latvian lats
Lebanese lira
Lesotho loti
Liberian dollar
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Macedonia (Former Yug. Rep.)
Libyan dinar
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Martinique
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Micronesia
Midway Islands
Mexico
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Nauru
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands Antilles
Netherlands
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Malagasy ariary
Malawian kwacha
Malaysian ringgit
Maldivian rufiyaa
West African CFA franc
European Euro
uses the Swiss Franc
Lithuanian litas
European euro
Macanese pataca
Macedonian denar
see France
Mauritanian ouguiya
Mauritian rupee
see France
see United States
see United States
Mexican peso
Moldovan leu
see France
Mongolian tugrik
see Italy
East Caribbean dollar
Moroccan dirham
Mozambican metical
Myanma kyat
see Australia
Namibian dollar
Nepalese rupee
Netherlands Antillean gulden
European euro
CFP franc
New Zealand dollar
Nicaraguan córdoba
West African CFA franc
Nigerian naira
see New Zealand
see Australia
see United States
Norwegian krone
Omani rial
Pakistani rupee
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
see United States
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn Island
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Reunion
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
Samoa (Western)
Samoa (America)
San Marino
São Tomé and Príncipe
Saudi Arabia
Sénégal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Helena
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands
211
212
213
214
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Swazi lilangeni
Swedish krona
Swiss franc
Syrian pound
183
184
185
186
187
Panamanian balboa
Papua New Guinean kina
Paraguayan guarani
Peruvian nuevo sol
Philippine peso
see New Zealand
Polish zloty
European euro
see United States
Qatari riyal
see France
Romanian leu
Russian ruble
Rwandan franc
see Western Samoa
see United States
see Italy
São Tomé and Príncipe dobra
Saudi riyal
West African CFA franc
Serbian dinar
Seychellois rupee
Sierra Leonean leone
Singapore dollar
European euro
European euro
Solomon Islands dollar
Somali shilling
South African rand
European euro
Sri Lankan rupee
Saint Helena pound
East Caribbean dollar
East Caribbean dollar
East Caribbean dollar
Sudanese pound
Surinamese dollar
see Norway
215
Tahiti
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Togo
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks and Caicos Islands
Tuvalu
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States of America
Upper Volta
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vatican
Venezuela
Vietnam
Virgin Islands
Wake Island
Wallis and Futuna Islands
Western Sahara
Western Samoa
see French Polynesia
Yemeni rial
247
Yemen
Zaïre
Zambia
248
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwean dollar
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
New Taiwan dollar
Tajikistani somoni
Tanzanian shilling
Thai baht
uses the U.S. Dollar
West African CFA franc
Trinidad and Tobago dollar
Tunisian dinar
Turkish new lira
Turkmen manat
see United States
see Australia
Ugandan shilling
Ukrainian hryvnia
UAE dirham
British pound
United States dollar
see Burkina Faso
Uruguayan peso
Uzbekistani som
Vanuatu vatu
see Italy
Venezuelan bolivar
Vietnamese dong
see United States
see United States
CFP franc
see Spain, Mauritania and Morocco
Samoan tala
see Congo, Democratic Republic
Zambian kwacha
Chief Justice of India
Number Name
Period of office
1
H. J. Kania
26-Jan-50
November 6, 1951‡
2
M. Patanjali Sastri
7-Nov-51
3-Jan-54
3
Mehr Chand Mahajan
4-Jan-54
22-Dec-54
4
B. K. Mukherjee
23-Dec-54
January 31, 1956‡‡
5
Sudhi Ranjan Das
1-Feb-56
30-Sep-59
6
Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha
1-Oct-59
31-Jan-64
7
P. B. Gajendragadkar
1-Feb-64
15-Mar-66
8
Amal Kumar Sarkar
16-Mar-66
29-Jun-66
9
Koka Subba Rao
30-Jun-66
April 11, 1967‡‡
10
Kailas Nath Wanchoo
12-Apr-67
24-Feb-68
11
Mohammad Hidayatullah
25-Feb-68
16-Dec-70
12
Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah
17-Dec-70
21-Jan-71
13
Sarv Mittra Sikri
22-Jan-71
25-Apr-73
14
Ajit Nath Ray
26-Apr-73
27-Jan-77
15
Mirza Hameedullah Beg
28-Jan-77
21-Feb-78
16
Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud
22-Feb-78
11-Jul-85
17
P. N. Bhagwati
12-Jul-85
20-Dec-86
18
R. S. Pathak
21-Dec-86
June 18, 1989‡‡
19
E. S. Venkataramiah
19-Jun-89
17-Dec-89
20
Sabyasachi Mukherjee
18-Dec-89
September 25, 1990‡
21
Ranganath Misra
26-Sep-90
24-Nov-91
22
Kamal Narain Singh
25-Nov-91
12-Dec-91
23
M. H. Kania
13-Dec-91
17-Nov-92
24
Lalit Mohan Sharma
18-Nov-92
11-Feb-93
25
M. N. Venkatachaliah
12-Feb-93
24-Oct-94
26
Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi
25-Oct-94
24-Mar-97
27
Jagdish Sharan Verma
25-Mar-97
17-Jan-98
28
Madan Mohan Punchhi
18-Jan-98
9-Oct-98
29
Adarsh Sein Anand
10-Oct-98
11-Jan-01
30
Sam Piroj Bharucha
11-Jan-01
6-May-02
31
Bhupinder Nath Kirpal
6-May-02
8-Nov-02
32
Gopal Ballav Pattanaik
8-Nov-02
19-Dec-02
33
V. N. Khare
19-Dec-02
2-May-04
34
S. Rajendra Babu
2-May-04
1-Jun-04
35
Ramesh Chandra Lahoti
1-Jun-04
1-Nov-05
36
Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal
1-Nov-05
13-Jan-07
37
K. G. Balakrishnan
13-Jan-07
11-May-10
38
S. H. Kapadia
12-May-10
28-Sep-12
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
Altamas Kabir
29-Sep-12
Incumbent
FIVE YEAR PLANS IN INDIA
First Five Year Plan (1951-1956
Target Growth:2.1%
Actual Growth:3.6%.
Second Five Year Plan (1956–1961).
Target Growth: 4.5%
Actual Growth: 4.27%.
Third Five Year Plan (1961–1966)
Target Growth:5.6%
Actual Growth: 2.84%.
Three One Year Plans (1967-1969)
Realization 3.9%
Fourth Five Year Plan (1969–1974.
Target Growth: 5.7%
Actual Growth: 3.20%.
Fifth Five Year Plan (1974–1979)
Target Growth: 4.4%
Actual Growth: 4.7%
Sixth Five Year Plan (1980–1985)
Target Growth: 5.2%
Actual Growth: 4.7%
Seventh Five Year Plan (1985–1990)
Target Growth 5.0%
Actual Growth 6.0%
Eighth Five Year Plan (1992–1997)
Target Growth:5.6%
Actual Growth: 4.7%
Ninth Five Year Plan (1997–2002)
Target Growth:6.5%
Actual Growth: 4.7%
Tenth Five Year Plan (2002–2007)
Target Growth:8.0%
Actual Growth: 4.7%
Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007–2012)
Target Growth 8.7%
Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-2017)
Plans to fix a
average target of
9%.
Twenty Twenty World Cup
Year &
Host Nation(s)
2007 South Africa
Final Venue
Final
Winner
India 157/5
Result
India won by 5 runs
Runner Up
Pakistan 152
2009 England
Lord's, London
Pakistan 139/2
Pakistan won by 8 wickets
Sri Lanka 138/6
2010 West Indies
Kensington oval, Barbados
England 148/3
England won by 7 wickets
Australia 147/6
2012 Sri Lanka
R Premadasa Stadium,
Colombo
West Indies
137/6
West Indies won by 36 runs
Sri Lanka 101
Wanderers Stadium,
Johannesburg
2014 Bangladesh
2016 India
Women
Final
Year
Host Nation(s)
Final Venue
Winner
2009
England
2010
West Indies
2012
Sri Lanka
Lord's, London
England
Result
England won by 6 wickets
86/4 (17 overs)
Kensington
Australia
Oval, Barbados
106/8 (20 overs)
Stadium, Colombo
Runner Up
New Zealand
85 (10)
Australia won by 3 runs
New Zealand
103/6 (20 overs)
Australia
Australia won by 4 runs
England
142/4 (20 overs)
Scorecard
138/9 (20 ove
List of Indian cities on rivers
City
River
State
Chandauli
Ganges
Uttar Pradesh
Jajmau
Ganges
Uttar Pradesh
Naubasta
Pandu
Uttar Pradesh
Nawabganj
Ganges
Uttar Pradesh
Bithoor
Ganges
Uttar Pradesh
Ujjain
Kshipra
Madhya Pradesh
Kolhapur
Panchganga
Maharashtra
Rajkot
Aji
Gujarat
Vadodara
Vishwamitri
Gujarat
Agra
Yamuna
Uttar Pradesh
Mathura
Yamuna
Uttar Pradesh
New Delhi
Yamuna
Delhi
Auraiya
Yamuna
Uttar Pradesh
Etawah
Yamuna
Uttar Pradesh
Jabalpur
Narmada
Madhya Pradesh
Hyderabad
Moosi
Andhra Pradesh
Vijayawada
Krishna
Andhra Pradesh
Bangalore
Vrishabhavathi
Karnataka
Farrukhabad
Ganges
Uttar Pradesh
Fatehgarh
Ganges
Uttar Pradesh
Kannauj
Ganges
Uttar Pradesh
Mangalore
Netravati, Gurupura
Karnataka
Shimoga
Tunga River
Karnataka
Bhadravathi
Bhadra
Karnataka
Hospet
Tungabhadra
Karnataka
Karwar
Kali
Karnataka
Bagalkot
Ghataprabha
Karnataka
Honnavar
Sharavathi
Karnataka
Gwalior
Chambal
Madhya Pradesh
Gorakhpur
Rapti
Uttar Pradesh
Lucknow
Gomti
Uttar Pradesh
Kanpur
Ganges
Uttar Pradesh
Kanpur Cantonment
Ganges
Uttar Pradesh
Shuklaganj
Ganges
Uttar Pradesh
Chakeri
Ganges
Uttar Pradesh
Kolkata
Hooghly
West Bengal
Varanasi
Ganges
Uttar Pradesh
Allahabad
Ganges
Uttar Pradesh
Ahmedabad
Sabarmati
Gujarat
Patna
Ganges
Bihar
Malegaon
Girna River
Maharashtra
Guwahati
Brahmaputra
Assam
Cuttack
Mahanadi
Orissa
Sambalpur
Mahanadi
Orissa
Rourkela
Brahmani
Orissa
Haridwar
Ganges
Uttarkhand
Pune
Mula, Mutha
Maharashtra
Daman
Daman Ganga River
Daman
Madurai
Vaigai
Tamil Nadu
Thiruchirapalli
Cauvery
Tamil Nadu
Chennai
Cooum, Adyar
Tamil Nadu
Coimbatore
Noyyal
Tamil Nadu
Erode
Cauvery
Tamil Nadu
Tirunelveli
Thamirabarani
Tamil Nadu
Surat
Tapti
Gujrat
Bharuch
Narmada
Gujarat
Kota
Chambal
Rajasthan
Karjat
Ulhas
Maharashtra
Nashik
Godavari
Maharashtra
Mahad
Savitri
Maharashtra
Rajahmundry
Godavari
Andhra Pradesh
Nanded
Godavari
Maharashtra
Nellore
Pennar
Andhra Pradesh
Sangli
Krishna
Maharashtra
Karad
Krishna,Koyna
Maharashtra
Famous Countries and their Parliaments
Country Name
Parliament Name
Afghanistan
Shora
Australia
Parliament
Bangladesh
Jatia Parliament
Bhutan
Tasongadu
Canada
Parliament
China
National People Congress
Denmark
Folketing
Egypt
People's Assembly
France
Parlement
Germany
Bundestag
Great Britain
Parliament
Hungary
Országgyűlés
Iceland
Althing
India
Sansad
Iran
Majilis
Ireland
Oireachtas
Israel
The Knesset
Italy
Parlamento Italiano
Japan
Diet
Kuwait
Majlis-al-Umma
Lativa
Saeima
Malaysia
Majilis
Maldives
Majilis
Magnolia
Khural
Nepal
Rashtriya Panchayat
Netherlands
States General (Staten-Generaal)
Norway
Storting
Oman
Majlis
Pakistan
Majlis-e-Shoora
Poland
Scym
Russia
Duma
Spain
Crotes
Sweden
Riksdag
South Africa
Parliament
Switzerland
Federal Assembly
Taiwan
Yuan
Turkey
Grand National Assembly
USA
Congress
Uzbekistan
Oliy Majlis
The Wonders of the World
The New Seven Wonders of the World - Announced in 2007
1.
The Great Wall, China
2.
Petra, Jordan
3. Christ Redeemer, Brazil
4.
Machu Picchu, Peru
5. Chichén Itzá, Mexico
6.
The Roman Colosseum, Italy
7. The Taj Mahal, India
The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
1. The Great Pyramid of Giza
2. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
3. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
4. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia
5. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
7. The Pharos of Alexandria
6. The Colossus of Rhodes
Famous International Airports of India
1. Airport Name: Guru Radmdass International Airport City: Amritsar State: Punjab
2. Airport Name: Indira Gandhi International Airport New Delhi
3. Lokpriya Gopinath Bordolio International Airport City Guwahati State Assam
4. Airport Name: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport City: Ahmedabad State: Gujarat
5. Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport City Kolkata State West Bengal
6. Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport City Mumbai State Maharashtra
7. Airport Name: Hyderabad Airport City: Hyderabad State: Andhra Pradesh
8. Airport Name: Goa Airport City: Vasco da Gama State: Goa
9. Airport Name: Chennai International Airport City Chennai State TamilNadu
10.Airport Name: Bangalore International Airport City: Bangalore State: Karnataka
11.Airport Name Cochin International Airport City: Cochin State: Kerala
12.Airport Name Trivandrum International Airport City: Thiruvananathapuram State: Kerala
LIST OF RECIPIENTS OF BHARAT RATNA
S. No. NAME
AWARDED IN
1.
Shri Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (1878-1972)
1954
2.
Dr. Sarvapali Radhakrishnan (1888-1975)
1954
3.
Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (1888-1970)
1954
4.
Dr. Bhagwan Das (1869-1958)
1955
5.
Dr. Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya (1861-1962)
1955
6.
Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru (1889 -1964)
1955
7.
Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant (1887-1961)
1957
8.
Dr. Dhondo Keshave Karve (1858-1962)
1958
9.
Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy (1882-1962)
1961
10.
Shri Purushottam Das Tandon (1882-1962)
1961
11.
Dr. Rajendra Prasad (1884-1963)
1962
12.
Dr. Zakir Hussain (1897-1969)
1963
13.
Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane (1880-1972)
1963
14.
Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri (Posthumous) (1904-1966)
1966
15.
Smt. Indira Gandhi (1917-1984)
1971
16.
Shri Varahagiri Venkata Giri (1894-1980)
1975
17.
Shri Kumaraswami Kamraj (Posthumous) (1903-1975)
1976
18.
Mother Mary Taresa Bojaxhiu (Mother Teresa) (1910-1997)
1980
19.
Shri Acharya Vinobha Bhave (Posthumous) (1895-1982)
1983
20.
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1890-1988)
1987
21.
Shri Marudu Gopalan Ramachandran (Posthumous) (1917-1987)
1988
22.
Dr. Bhim Rao Ramji Ambedkar (Posthumous) (1891-1956)
1990
23.
Dr. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (b-1918)
1990
24.
Shri Rajiv Gandhi (Posthumous) (1944-1991)
1991
25.
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (Posthumous) (1875-1950)
1991
26.
Shri Morarji Ranchhodji Desai (1896-1995)
1991
27.
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (Posthumous) (1888-1958)
1992
28.
Shri Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhai Tata (1904-1993)
1992
29.
Shri Satyajit Ray (1922-1992)
1992
30.
Shri Gulzarilal Nanda (1898-1998)
1997
31.
Smt. Aruna Asaf Ali (Posthumous) (1909-1996)
1997
32.
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (b-1931)
1997
33.
Smt. Madurai Sanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi (1916-2005)
1998
34.
Shri Chidambaram Subramniam (1910-2000)
1998
35.
Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan (Posthumous) (1902-1979)
1999
36.
Professor Amartya Sen (b-1933)
1999
37.
Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi (Posthumous)
1999
38.
Pandit Ravi Shankar (b-1920)
1999
39.
Sushri Lata Dinanath Mangeshkar (b-1929)
2001
40.
Ustad Bismillah Khan (1916-2006)
2001
41.
Pandit Bhimsen Gururaj Joshi (1922-2011)
2009
:
Nobel Prize Winner of India
S.No
Name
Subject
Year
1.
Rabindranath Tagore
Literature
1913
2.
C. V. Raman
Physics
1930
3.
Dr.Har Gobind Khurana
Medicine
1968
4.
Mother Teresa
Peace
1979
5.
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
Physics
1983
6.
Amartya Sen
Economics
1998
7.
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
Chemistry
2009
8.
National Political Parties
Party
Abbreviation General Secretary / President
Nationalist Congress Party
NCP
Sharad Pawar
Indian National Congress
INC
Sonia Gandhi
Bharatiya Janata Party
BJP
Nitin Gadkari
Communist Party of India
CPI
Suravaram Sudhakar Reddy
Communist Party of India
(Marxist)
CPI(M)
Prakash Karat
Political Parties of States
State
Party name
Lok Satta Party ,
Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
Andhra Pradesh
Telangana Rashtra Samithi
Telugu Desam Party
Arun Khitoliya National Party
All India United Democratic Front
Assam
Asom Gana Parishad
Bodoland People's Front
Bihar
Goa
Haryana
Janata Dal (United),Rashtriya Janata Dal
ZGE
Save Goa Front
Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)
Indian National Lok Dal
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
Jammu & Kashmir Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party
Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party
AJSU Party
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
Jharkhand
Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
Rashtriya Janata Dal
Janata Dal (Secular)
Karnataka
Karnataka Janata Party
BSR Congress
Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha
Kannada Nadu
Revolutionary Socialist Party
Janata Dal (Secular)
Kerala
Kerala Congress
IUML
Maharashtra
Maharashtra Navnirman Sena, Shiv Sena
Manipur People’s Party
National People’s Party
Manipur
Rashtriya Janata Dal
All India Trinamool Congress
Meghalaya
United Democratic Party
Mizo National Front
Mizoram
Mizoram People’s Conference
Zoram Nationalist Party
Nagaland
Nagaland Peoples Front
Orissa
Biju Janata Dal
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
All India N.R. Congress
Pondicherry
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam
Punjab
Shiromani Akali Dal ,People's Party of Punjab
Sikkim
Sikkim Democratic Front
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Moovendar makkal katchi
Tamil Nadu
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi
Pattali Makkal Katchi
Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam
Uttar Pradesh
Rashtriya Lok Dal ,Peace Party,Samajwadi Party,BSP
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand Kranti Dal
All India Forward Bloc
West Bengal
All India Trinamool Congress
Revolutionary Socialist Party
Important Abbreviation (India)
Sr.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Abbreviation
AAFI
AAPSO
AASU
ABM
AC
ACC
AD
ADB
AERE
AGOC
AICC
AICTE
AIDS
AIFE
AIIMS
AIL
AIMPLB
AIR
AITUE
AM
ANC
APEC
APSC
ASEAN
ASLV
ASI
ASSOCHAM
ASWAC
ATS
BAMS
BARC
BBC
BC
BCG
BCCI
BEL
BENELUX
BHEL
BIFR
Stands For
Amateur Athletics Federation of India
Afro-Asian People’s Solidarity Organisation
All Assam Students Union
Anti Ballistic Missile
Alternate Current OR Air Conditioner
Ancillary Cadet Core
Ano Domini (After the birth of Jesus)
Asian Development Bank.
Atomic Energy Research Establishment
Asian Games Organisation Committee
All India Congress Committee
All India Council of Technical Education
Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
All India Football Federation
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Aeronautics India Limited
All India Muslim Personal Law Board
All India Radio (Broadcasting)
All India Trade Union Congress
Anti Meridian (Before Noon)
African National Congress
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
Army Postal Services Core
Association of South East Asian Nations
Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle
Archaeological Survey of India
Associated Chamber of Commerce and Industry (India)
Airborne Surveillance Warning and Control
Anti Tetanus Serum
Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
British Broadcasting Corporation
Before Christ (Before the birth of Jesus)
Bacillus Calmette Guerin (Anti TB Vaccine)
Board of Control for Cricket in India
Bharat Electronics Limited
Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg
Bharat Heavy Electronics Limited
Board of Industrial Finance and Reconstruction (Formerly Industrial
Reconstruction Finance Board)
40
BIMSTEC
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
82
BIS
B Pharma
BSF
CAD
CAG
CARE
CASE
CBI
CBSE
CCEA
CCS
C-DAC
CDMA
CDRI
CHOGM
CID
CIS
CISF
CITU
CLAT
CNG
COD
COFEPOSA
CPO
CPRI
CRPF
CRR
CSIR
CSO
CTS
CVC
DDT
DFDR
DIG
D. Lit.
DM
DMK
DNA
DPAP
DPC
DRDO
Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand Economic
Cooperation
Bureau of Indian Standards
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Border Security Force
Command Area Development
Comptroller and Auditor General
Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere
Commission for Alternative Sources of Energy
Central Bureau of Investigation
Central. Board of Secondary Education
Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs
Cabinet Committee on Security
Centre For Development of Advance Computing
Code Division Multiple Access
Central Drug Research Institute
Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
Criminal Investigation Department
Commonwealth of Independent States
Central Industrial Security Force
Centre of Indian Trade Unions
Common Law Admission Test (Started May 2008)
Compressed Natural Gas
Central Ordnance Depot
Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Act
Central Passport Organisation
Central Power Research Institute
Central Reserve Police Force
Cash Reserve Ratio
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
Central Statistical Organisation
Computerised Tomography Scanner
Central Vigilance Commission
Dichloro Diphenyle Tri-chloroethane
‘Digital Flight Data Recorder (Black box)’
Deputy Inspector General
Doctor of Literature
District Magistrate
Dravida Munetra Kazhagam
Di-oxyribo-Nucleic Acid
‘Drought Prone Area Programme
Dabhol Power Company
Defence Research and Development Organisation
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111
112
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118
119
120
121
122
123
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125
DTH
DVD
EAS
ECD
ECG
EEC
EEG
ELISA
EMF
EPABX
EPZ
ERDA
ESMA
EVM
EXIM Bank
FAO
FBI
FBTR
FCI
FDR
FERA
FEMA
FICCI
FIPB
FIR
FRS
FTII
FTZ
GAIL
GATT
GIC
GMT
GNLF
GNP
GPF
GPO
GPS
GSI
HAC
HAL
HCF
HDFC
HIV
Direct to Home
Digital Versatile Disk
Employment Assurance Scheme
European Central Bank
Electro Cardiogram
European Economic Community
Electro Encephalogram
Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay
Electromotive Force
Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange
Export Processing Zone
Energy Research and Development Administration
Essential Services Maintenance Act
Electronic Voting Machine
Export-Import Bank of India
Food and Agriculture Organisation
Federal Bureau of Investigation (USA)
Fast Breeder Test Reactor
Food Corporation of India / Fertilizer Corporation of India
Flight Data Recorder (Black Box)
Foreign Exchange Regulation Act
Foreign Exchange Management Act
Federation of India Chambers of Commerce and Industry
Foreign Investment Promotion Board
First Information Report
Fellow of the Royal Society
Films and Television Institute of India
Free Trade Zone
Gas Authority of India Limited
General Agreement on Tariff and Trade
General Insurance Corporation
Greenwich Mean Time
Gorkha National Liberation Front
Gross National Product
General Provident Fund
General Post Office
Global Positioning System
Geological Survey of India
Hindustan Aluminium Corporation
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
Highest Common Factor
Housing Development Finance Corporation
Human Immuno-deficiency Virus
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133
HMT
HUDCO
HYVS
IAAI
lAC
IAEA
IARI
IBRD
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142
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151
152
153
154
155
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158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
ICAR
ICBM
ICC
ICFTU
ICICI
ICJ
ICMR
ICSI
IDA
IDBI
IDO
IDPL
IFA
IFCI
IFFI
IFFCO
IFTU
IIPA
IIS
IISCO
IIT
ILO
IMA
IMF
INGCA
INS
INSAT
INTELSAT
INTERPOL
INTUC
IOC
IPC
IPKF
IQ
Hindustan Machine Tools
Housing and Urban Development Corporation
High Yield Variety Seeds
International Airport Authority of India
Indian Airlines Corporation
International Atomic Energy Agency
Indian Agricultural Research Institute
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World
Bank)
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Inter Continental Ballistic Missile
International Cricket Council
International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Limited
International Court of Justice
Indian Council of Medical Research
Indian Company Secretaries Institute
International Development Agency
Industrial Development Bank of India
International Defence Organisation
Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited
Indian Football Association
Industrial Finance Corporation of India
International Film Festival of India
Indian Farmers Fertilizers Cooperative
International Federation of Trade Unions
Indian Institute of Public Administration
Indian Institute of Sciences
Indian Iron and Steel Company
Indian Institute of Technology
International Labour Organisation
Indian Military Academy
International Monetary Fund
Indira Gandhi Gallery for Culture and Art
Indian Naval Ship
Indian National Satellite
International Telecommunication Satellite
International Police Organisation
Indian National Trade Union Congress
International Olympic Committee / Indian Oil Corporation
Indian Penal Code
Indian Peace Keeping Force
Intelligence Quotient
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170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
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182
IRBM
IRC
IRDA
IRDP
ISB
ISM
ISO
ISP
ISRO
IST
ITBP
ITDC
ITPO
ITO
IUCN
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184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
ITUC
JMM
KG
LASER
LIC
LLB
LLM
LMG
LoC
LoAC
LPG
LSD
LTTE
MA
MASER
MBA
MBBS
MBT
MCA
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
MCC
MD
MFN
MI
MISA
MIT
MLA
MLC
Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile
International Red Cross
Insurance Regulatory Development Authority
Integrated Rural Development Programme
Indian Standard Bureau
Indian School of Mines
International Organisation for Standardisation
Internet Services Provider
Indian Space Research Organisation
Indian Standard Time
Indo-Tibet Border Police
Indian Tourism Development Corporation
Indian Trade Promotion Organisation
International Trade Organisation
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resource
Indian Trade Union Congress
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
Kinder Garten
Light Amplification By Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Life Insurance Corporation of India
Bachelor of Law
Master of Law
Light Machine Gun
Line of Control (Pakistan)
Line of Actual Control (China)
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Lysergic acid diethylamide
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam
Master of Arts
Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Master of Business Administration
Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery
Main Battle Tank
Monetary Compensatory Allowance / Master of Computer
Application
Melbourne Cricket Club
Doctor of Medicine
Most Favoured Nation
Military Intelligence
Maintenance of Internal Security Act
Mechachusates Institute of Technology (USA)
Member of Legislative Assembly
Member of Legislative Council
210
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236
237
238
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241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
MNC
MRCP
MRCS
MRTPC
MODVAT
NABARD
NACO
NAEP
NAFED
NAFTA
NAPP
NASA
NASDAQ
NASSCOM
NATO
NCW
NCCR
NCERT
NDA
NDDB
NDF
NEERI
NEFA
NEPA
NFDC
NFL
NHRC
NICO
NIDC
NIIT
NIMHANS
NITIE
NMDS
NMEP
NOIDA
NPC
NPP
NPT
NRDC
NREP
NRI
NSC
NSSO
Multi National Corporation
Member of Royal College of Physicians
Member of Royal College of Surgeons
Monopoly and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission
Modified Value Added Tax
National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development
National AIDS Control Organisation
National Adult Education Programme
National Agricultural and Marketing Federation
North American Free Trade Agreement
Narora Atomic Power Plant
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA)
National Association of Security Dealer’s Active Quotation
National Association of Software & Service Companies
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
National Commission for Women
National Council for Civil Right
National Council of Educational Research & Training
National Defence Academy
National Dairy Development Board
National Defence Fund.
National Environment Engineering Research Institute
North-East Frontier Agency
National Environment Protection Authority
National Film Development Corporation
National Fertilizer Limited
National Human Rights Commission
New Information and Communication Order
National Industrial Development Corporation
National Institute of Information Technology
National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences
National Institute for Training in Industrial Engineering
National Missile Defence System (US)
National Malaria Eradication Programme
New Okhla Industrial Development Authority
National Productivity Council
National Population Policy
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
National Research and Development Corporation
National Rural Employment Programme
Non Resident Indian
National Security Council
National Sample Survey Organisation
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261
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276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
NTC
NTPC
OGL
OIL
OK
ONGC
OPEC
PCI
PCS
Ph. D
PIN
PLO
PM
POTA
PSLV
PTI
PRO
PTO
PVC
PVSM
PWD
PWG
QED
QEF
QEI
QMG
RADAR
RAW
R&D
RBI
RCC
RDX
RIMC
RMS
RLEGP
RNA
RPM
RSS
RTO
SAARC
SAC
SAFTA
SAI
National Textile Corporation
National Thermal Power Corporation
Open General Licence
Oil India Limited
All Correct
Oil and Natural Gas Commission
Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries
Press Council of India
Provincial Civil Services
Doctor of ‘Philosophy
Postal lndex Number
Palestine Liberation Organisation
Post Meridian / Prime Minister
Prevention of Terrorism Act
Polar. Satellite Launch Vehicle
Press Trust of India
Public Relations Officer
Please Turn Over
Poly Vinyl Chloride / Paramvir Chakra
Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Public Work’s Department
People’s War Group
Quod Erat Demonstrandum (Which was to be proved)
Quod Erat Faciendum (Which was to be done)
Quod Erat Inveniendum (Which was to be found)
Quarter Master General
Radio Angle Direction and Range
Research and Analysis Wing
Research and Development
Reserve Bank of India
Reinforced Cement Concrete
Research Developed Explosive
Rashtriya Indian Military College
Railway Mail Service
Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme
Ribonucleic Acid
Revolutions Per Minute
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
Regional Transport Officer
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
Space Application Centre
South Asian Free Trade Agreement
Sports Authority of India
296
297
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300
301
302
303
304
305
306
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315
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317
318
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321
322
323
324
325
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327
328
329
330
331
332
333
SAIL
SAPTA
SARS
SC
SCI
SCOPE
SCRA
SDR
SEBI
SGPC
SHAR
SIDBI
SIS
SITA
SLV
SPCA
SPICMC
STARS
STD
STPI
SWAPO
TA
TELCO
TELEX
TISCO
TNT
TOEFL
TRAI
TRIPS
TTE
TTFI
TWA
UDC
UFO
UGC
UHT
ULFA
UNASUR
334
335
336
337
UNCTAD
UNDP
UNEF
UNEP
Steel Authority of India Limited
South Asian Preferential Trade Arrangement
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Security Council/Supreme Court
Shipping Corporation of India
Standing Conference of Public Enterprises
Special Class Railway Apprentice
Special Drawing Rights
Security Exchange Board of India
Siromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee
Shri Harikota Range
Small Industries Development Bank of India
Secret Intelligence Service (U.K)
Suppression of .Immoral Traffic in Women and Girls Act
Satellite Launch Vehicle
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty of Animals
Society for the Promotion of Indian Classical music and culture
Satellite Tracking and Ranging Station
Subscribers Trunk Dialing
Software Technology Parks of India
South West African People’s Organisation
Travelling Aliowance / Territorial Anmy
Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company
Teleprinter Exchange
Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited
Tri-nitro-toluene
Test of English as a Foreign Language
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights
Travelling Ticket Examiner
Table Tennis Federation of India
Trans World Airlines (USA)
Upper Division Clerk
Unidentified Flying Object
University Grants Commission
Ultra High Temperature
United Liberation Front of Assam
Union of South American Nations (Spanish: Unión de Naciones
Suramericanas)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
United Nations Development Programme
United Nations Emergency Force
United Nations Environment Programme
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349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
UNESCO
UNFPA
UNHCR
UNI
UNICEF
UNO
UPS
UPSC
USSR
UTI
VAT
VDIS
VC
VIP
VPP
VRS
VSNL
VSSC
WEF
WHO
WILL
WMO
WWF
WPI
WTO
WWF
WWW
YMCA
YWCA
ZBB
ZSI
United Nations Economic Social and Cultural Organisation
United Nations for Population Activities
United Nations High Commission for Refugees
United News of India
United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund
United Nations Organisation
Uninterrupted Power Supply
Union Public Service Commission
Union of Soviet Socialist Republic
Unit Trust of India
Value Added Tax
Voluntary Disclosure of Income Scheme
Vice-Chancellor / Victoria Cross
Very Important Person
Value Payable Post
Voluntary Retirement Scheme
Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
World Economic Forum
World Health Organisation
Wireless in Local Loop
World Meteorological Organisation
World Wild Life Fund
Wholesale Price Index
World Trade Organisation
World Wild Life Fund for Nature
World Wide Web
Young Men’s Christians Association
Young Women’s Christians Association
Zero Based Budgeting
Zoological Survey of India
NATIONAL EMBLEMS OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
COUNTRY
EMBLEM
COUNTRY
EMBLEM
Australia
Kangaroo
Bangladesh
Water Lily
Barbados
Head of a Trident Belgium
Lion
Canada
White Lily
Chile
Candor & Huemul
Denmark
Beach
Dominica
Sisserou Parrot
France
Lily
Germany
Corn Flower
Guyana
Canje Pheasant
Hong Kong
Bauhinia (Orchid Tree)
India
Lioned Capital
Iran
Rose
Ireland
Shamrock
Israel
Candelabrum
Italy
White Lily
Ivory Coast
Elephant
Japan
Chrysanthemum
Lebanon
Cedar Tree
Luxenbourg
Lion with Crown
Mongolia
The Soyombo
Netherlands
Lion
New Zealand Southern Cross, Kiwi, Fern
Norway
Lion
Pakistan
Crescent
Papua New Guinea Bird of paradise
Spain
Eagle
Senegal
Bhobab Tree
Sierra Leone
Lion
Sri Lanka
Lion
Sudan
Secretary Bird
Syria
Eagle
Turkey
Crescent & Star
U.K.
Rose
U.S.A.
Golden Rod
Principle Airlines of Countries
AIRLINES
COUNTRY
Aeroflot
USSR
Air India
India
Air-Lanka
SriLanka
Air France
France
Air Canada
Canada
Air Mauritius
Mauritius
Alitalia
Italy
Ariana Afghan Airlines
Afghanistan
British Airways
England
Bangladesh Biman
Bangladesh
Cathay Pacific
HongKong
Ceskoslovenske Aeroline
Czechoslovakia
Egypt Air
Egypt
Ethiopian Airlines
Ethiopia
Emirates
UAE
Finnair
Finland
Garuda Airways
Indonesia
Gulf Air
Gulf
Indian Airlines
India
Iran Air
Iran
Iraq Airways
Iraq
Japan Airlines Ltd.
Japan
K.L.M. Royal Dutch
Netherlands
Kenya Airways
Kenya
Kuwait Airways
Kuwait
Lufthansa
Germany
Malaysian Airlines
Malaysia
Pan American Airways
USA
Pakistan International Airlines
Pakistan
Quantas Empire Airways
Australia
Royal Nepal Airlines
Nepal
Sabena
Belgium
Saudi Arabian Airlines
Saudi Arabia
Scandinavian Airlines System
Sweden
Singapore Airlines
Singapore
Swiss Air
Switzerland
Trans-World Airlines
USA
Thai Airways International
Thailand
Religions in the World
1. Buddhism
Founder
Gautam Siddhartha Buddha (563-483 BC) born in Nepal (Lumbini)
Founded in
525 BC
Followed in
India, China, Tibet, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, Japan, Laos, Myanmar
(Burma), Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Bhutan and Vietnam
Sacred Text
The Tripitaka (Collection of Buddha’s teaching) also called Sutras
Sacred Places
Lumbini (Nepal) where he received enlightenment and Kusinagar (UP) where he attained
‘Nirvana’.
Place of Worship
Vihar (temple) and Monastery (where monks reside)
Sects
Mahayana and Hinayana
2. Confucianism
Founder
King Fu Tsu, Better known as Confucius (551-479 BC) born in the state of LU in china.
Founded in
500 BC
Followed in
China, Taiwan, South Korea, Nauru and Vietnam
Sacred Text
The Analects
Sacred Places
No church or temple
3. Christianity
Founder
Jesus Christ (5 BC to AD 30) born in Judea, also called Jesus of Nazareth
Founded in
2000 years ago
Followed in
Spread all over the world
Sacred Text
Holy Bible consisting of Old Testament (before Christ) and the New Testament (during
and after Christ)
Sacred Places
Jerusalem where Christ lived and preached
Place of Worship
Church
Important Sects
Catholics and Protestants
4. Hinduism
Founder
Ancient Sages
Founded in
Around 1500 BC
Followed in
Concentrated in India and Nepal and also found in Bhutan, Fiji, Guyana, Indonesia,
Mauritius, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Surinam, Trinidad and Tobago
Sacred Text
The Vedas, the Upanishads, the Bhagavad-Gita and the epics of the Mahabharata and the
Ramayana
Place of Worship
Temple
5. Islam
Founder
Prophet Mohammed (AD 570-632) born in Mecca (Saudi Arabia)
Founded in
AD 622
Followed in
From west coast of Africa to the Philippines which includes Tanzania, Southern part of
Russia and China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Malaysia and Indonesia. Also parts of
North Africa.
Sacred Text
Quran (words of God), Hadis (Collection of Prophet’s saying).
Sacred Places
Makkah (mecca) in Saudi Arabia
Place of Worship
Masjid (mosque)
Sects
Sunnis and Shias
6.Sikh
Founder
Guru Nanak Dev Jee( 15 -April- 1469- 22-September- 1539) born in Rai Bhoi dee Talwandi(
Nankana Sahib)
Founded in
15th century
Followed in
India,Pakistan,Afganistan ,Rest of the world.
Sacred Text
Guru Granth Sahib jee (words of God)
Sacred Places
5 Takat(Sri Akal Takht Sahib, Takht Sri Damdama Sahib, Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib, Takht Sri
Hazur Sahib , Takht Sri Patna Sahib
Place of Worship
Guru Duara Sahib jee
Sects
Sikh
Chief Ministers of Indian States
S. NO.
Name of States
Chief Minister
1
Andhra Pradesh
Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy
2
Arunachal Pradesh
Nabam Tuki
3
Assam
Shri Tarun Gogoi
4
Bihar
Shri Nitish Kumar
5
Chhattisgarh
Dr. Raman Singh
6
Goa
Shri Manohar Parrikar
7
Gujarat
Shri Narendra Modi
8
Haryana
Shri Bhupinder Singh Hooda
9
Himachal Pradesh
Prof. Prem Kumar Dhumal
10
Jammu Kashmir
Omar Abdullah
11
Jharkhand
Arjun Munda
12
Karnataka
Shri Jagadish Shettar
13
Kerala
Shri Oommen Chandy
14
Madhya Pradesh
Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan
15
Maharashtra
Shri Prithviraj Chavan
16
Manipur
Shri Okram Ibobi Singh
17
Meghalaya
Mukul Sangma
18
Mizoram
Lal Thanhawla
19
Nagaland
Shri Neiphiu Rio
20
Orissa
Sh. Naveen Patnaik
21
Punjab
Shri Parkash Singh Badal
22
Rajasthan
Shri Ashok Gehlot
23
Sikkim
Shri Pawan Chamling
24
Tamil Nadu
Sushree J. Jayalalithaa
25
Tripura
Shri Manik Sarkar
26
Uttar Pradesh
Akhilesh Yadav
27
Uttarakhand
Vijay Bahuguna
28
West Bengal
Km. Mamata Banerjee
Governors of Indian States
S. NO.
Name of States
Governor
1.
Andhra Pradesh
Shri. E. S. L. Narasimhan
2.
Arunachal Pradesh
General (Rtd.) J.J. Singh
3.
Assam
Shri. Janaki Ballav Pattanaik
4.
Bihar
Sh Devanand Konwar
5.
Chhattisgarh
Shri Shekhar Dutt
6.
Goa
Shri BV Wanchoo
7.
Gujarat
Dr. Kamla Beniwal
8.
Haryana
Shri Jagannath Pahadia
9.
Himachal Pradesh
Urmila Singh
10.
Jammu Kashmir
Sh. N. N. Vohra
11.
Jharkhand
Dr. Syed Ahmed
12.
Karnataka
Shri H R Bhardwaj
13.
Kerala
Shri H R Bharadwaj
14.
Madhya Pradesh
Ram Naresh Yadav
15.
Maharashtra
K. Sankaranarayanan
16.
Manipur
Sh. Gurbachan Jagat
17.
Meghalaya
Sh. Ranjit Shekhar Mooshahary
18.
Mizoram
Shri Vakkom Purushothaman
19.
Nagaland
Shri Nikhil Kumar
20.
Orissa
Shri Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare
21.
Punjab
Shri Shivraj Patil
22.
Rajasthan
Smt. Margaret Alva
23.
Sikkim
Sh. Balmiki Prasad Singh
24.
Tamil Nadu
Konijeti Rosaiah
25.
Tripura
Dr. D Y Patil
26.
Uttar Pradesh
Shri B L Joshi
27.
Uttarakhand
Aziz Qureshi
28.
West Bengal
Shri M. K Narayanan
Chief Ministers & Governors of Indian Union Territory
S. NO.
Name of States
Chief Minister
Governor
1.
Andaman & Nicobar
Lt. Gen. (Retd.) Bhopinder Singh, PVSM, AVSM
2.
Chandigarh
U.T.
Shri Shivraj V. Patil (Administrator)
3.
New Delhi
Smt Sheila Dikshit
Mr. Tejendra Khanna
4.
Puducherry
Shri N. Rangasamy
Sh. Iqbal Singh
5.
Dadra and Nagar Haveli U.T.
Shri B.S. Bhalla (Administrator)
6.
Daman and Diu
U.T.
Shri B.S. Bhalla (Administrator)
7.
Lakshadweep
Shri B V Selvarj (Administrator)
Shri Amar Nath
Distinctive Names of Some Countries & Town
Distinctive Name
Country/Town/Port/River
Britain of the South
New Zealand
The Battlefield of Europe
Belgium
City of the Golden Gate
San Francisco
City of Magnificent Distances
Washington D.C.
City of Popes
Rome
City of Seven Hills
Rome
City of Skyscrapers
New York
Cockpit of Europe
Belgium
Dark Continent
Africa
Dairy of Northern Europe
Denmark
Emerald Island
Ireland
Empire City
New York
Eternal City
Rome, Italy
Forbidden City
Lhasa (Tibet)
Garden of England
Kent
Gate of Tears
Babel-Mandab, Jerusalem
Granite City
Aberdeen (Scotland)
Great White Way
Broadway (New York)
Gift of Nile
Egypt
Gibraltar of the Indian Ocean
Aden
Herring Pond
Atlantic Ocean
Hermit Kingdom
Korea
Holy Land
Palestine
Island of Cloves
Madagascar (Malagasy)
The Isle of Spring
Jamaica
Key to the Mediterranean
Gibraltar
Land of Cakes (or Oat Cakes)
Scotland
Land of the Golden Fleece
Australia
Land of the Golden Pagoda
Myanmar (Burma)
Land of Kangaroos
Australia
Land of Lilies
Canada
Land of the Midnight Sun
Norway
Land of Milk and Honey
Canaan
Land of Morning Calm
Korea
Land of the Rising Sun
Japan
Land of a Thousand Lakes
Finland
Land of Thunderbolt
Bhutan
Land of White Elephants
Thailand
Lady of Snow
Canada
Little Venice
Venezuela
Never, Never Land
Prairies (North Australia)
Pearl of Antilles
Cuba
Playground of Europe
Switzerland
Pillars of Hercules
Straits of Gibraltar
First in World
1. Chairman of Peoples Republic of China - Mao-Tse-Tung
2. President of the Chinese Republic – Dr. Sun Yat Sen
3. President of U.S.A – George Washington
4. Chinese Traveller to India – Fahein
5. Foreign Invader to India – Alexander the Great
6. Person to reach South Pole – Amundsen
7. Person to reach North Pole – Robert Pearey
8. Person in Space – Yuri Gagarin
9. Person on Moon – Neil Armstrong
10. Lady to climb Mount Everest – Junko Taibei
11. European to visit China – Marco Polo
12. Place where atom bomb was dropped – Hiroshima
13. Man to walk in Space – Alexei Leonov
14. Woman cosmonaut in Space – Valentina Tereshkova
15. Woman Prime Minister of a country - Mrs. Srimavo Bhandarnaike
16. Woman President of a country - Maria Estela Peron
17. Woman to Command a Space Mission - Colonel Eileen Collins (U.S.A.)
18. The first residents of International Space station - Bill Shepherd (USA),Yuri Gidzanko and Sergei
Krikalev (Russia)
19. The first blind man to scale Mt. Everest - Erik Weihenmayer(USA, May 25, 2001)
20. The first Muslim woman to become the Secretary General of Amnesty International lrine – Zubeida
Khan
21. The first space astronaut to go into space seven times till date - Jerry Ross (U.S.A.)
22. The first South African to become the second space tourist - Mark Shuttleworth
23. The first woman Prime Minister of South Korea - Ms. Chang Sang
24. The first youngest grandmaster of the world in chess - Sergey Karjakin (Ukraine)
25. The first adventurer flying successfully across the English Channel without aircraft - Felix
Baumgartner (July 2003)
26. China’s first man in space - Yang Liwei
27. The first Muslim woman to receive Nobel Prize - Shirin Ebadi (Nobel Peace Prize 2003)
28. The woman with the highest individual Test score making a new world record - Kiran Baloch
(Pakistani cricketer, scoring 242 runs playing women’s cricket test against West Indies in Karachi in
March, 2004)
29. The first woman of the world to climb Mt. Everest four times - Lakpa Sherpa (Nepali)
30. The first woman to cross seven important seas of the world by swimming - Bula Chaudhury (India)
31. The first aircraft pilot to round the entire world non-stop by his 2 engine aircraft in 67 hours - Steve
Fossett (March 2005)
32. The first woman to be appointed as a Governor of a province in Afghanistan - Habiba Sorabhi
33. The first woman of the world to swim across five continents – Bula Chaudhury (India) (April 2005)
34. The first woman athlete to touch 5.0 meter mark in pole vault - Ms. Yelena Isinbayeva (Russian,
July 2005)
35. The first Hindu Chief Justice of Pakistani Supreme Court Justice – Rana Bhagwan Das Took over on
Sept. 2, 2005 as Acting Chief Justice
List of Bharat Award Recipient
S.No.
Name of the recipient
Year
Their individuality
1
Shri Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
1954
Indian political leader, the first and the only governor-general of
independent India.
2
Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
1954
Indian physicist, the recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physics in
1930(birth. Nov. 7, 1888, Trichinopoly [Tiruchirappalli], India;
death. Nov. 21, 1970, Bengaluru),
3
Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
1954
Philosopher, scholar and statesman, president of India from
1962 to 1967
4
Dr. Bhagwan Das
1955
Independence activist, author
5
Shri Jawaharlal Nehru
1955
Independence activist, author, first prime minister of
independent India (1947-64)
6
Dr. Mokshagundam Vivesvaraya
1955
Civil engineer, Diwan of Mysore
7
Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant
1957
Independence activist, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Home
Minister
8
Dr. Dhonde Keshav Karve
1958
Also known as Maharishi Karve, Indian social reformer and
educator
9
Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy
1961
Physician, Chief Minister of West Bengal
10
Shri Purushottam Das Tandon
1961
Independence activist, educator
11
Dr. Rajendra Prasad
1962
First president of the Republic of India (1950-62). A lawyerturned-journalist, also president of the Indian National Congress
12
Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane
1963
Indologist and Sanskrit scholar
13
Dr. Zakir Hussain
1963
Scholar, third President
14
Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri
1966
Posthumous Award: independence activist, third Prime Minister
15
Smt. Indira Gandhi
1971
Fourth Prime Minister
16
Shri Varahagiri Venkata Giri
1975
Trade unionist and fourth President
17
Shri Kumaraswamy Kamraj
1976
Posthumous Award: independence activist, Chief Minister of
Madras State
18
Mother Teresa, (Agnes Gonxha
Bojaxhiu)
1980
Catholic nun, founder of the Missionaries of Charity
19
Shri Acharya Vinoba Bhave
1983
Posthumous Award: social reformer, independence activist
20
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
1987
First non-citizen, independence activist
21
Shri Marudur Gopalan Ramachandran
1988
Posthumous Award: film actor, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
22
Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedakr
1990
Posthumous Award: architect of the Indian Constitution,
politician, economist, and scholar
23
Dr. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela
1990
Second non-citizen and first non-Indian recipient, Leader of the
Anti-Apartheid movement
24
Shri Morarji Ranchhodji Desai
1991
Independence activist, fifth Prime Minister
25
Shri Rajiv Gandhi
1991
Seventh Prime Minister
26
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
1991
Posthumous Award: independence activist, first Home Minister
27
Shri Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhai Tata
1992
Industrialist and philanthropist
28
Shri Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
1992
Posthumous Award: independence activist, first Minister of
Education
29
Shri Satyajit Ray
1992
Filmmaker
30
Shri (Dr.) Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen
Abdul Kalam
1997
Aeronautical engineer, eminent defence scientist, Dr. Kalam was
India's eleventh president from 2002 to 2007
31
Smt. Aruna Asaf Ali
1997
Posthumous Award: independence activist
32
Shri Gulzari Lal Nanda
1997
Independence activist, second Prime Minister
33
Shri Chidambaram Subramaniam
1998
Chidambaram Subramaniam (birth: January 30, 1910 – death:
November 7, 2000) He was an Indian statesman, Freedom
fighter, state minister, central minister and governor.
1998
Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi (16 September 1916 –
11 December 2004), Also known as M.S., she was a renowned
Carnatic vocalist.
34
Smt. Madurai Shanmukhavadivu
Subbulakshmi
35
Prof. Amartya Sen
1999
Distinguished economist and philosopher, awarded the Nobel
Prize in 1998 for his seminal work in welfare economics
36
Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi
1999
Posthumous Award: independence activist, Chief Minister of
Assam
37
Loknayak Jayprakash Narayan
1999
Posthumous Award: Indian political leader and theorist, leader of
socio-political mass-movements in Gujarat and Bihar
38
Pandit Ravi Shankar
1999
Sitar player
39
Kumari Lata Dinanath Mangeshkar
2001
Legendary Indian playback singer; sang for more than 2,000
Indian films in a career spanning nearly six decades
40
Ustad Bismillah Khan
2001
(birth March 21, 1916, Bhirung Raut Ki Gali, in Dumraon, Bihar;
death Aug. 21, 2006, Varanasi).
41
Pandit Bhimsen Joshi
2008
(birth. Feb. 14, 1922, Gadag, Dharwad, Karnataka), His full name
is Bhimsen Gururaj Joshi.
Most Renowned Indian Awards:
Noble Prize
Noble Prize are for Contributions to society
Bharat Ratna
Pulitzer Prize
It is India's highest civilian award, awarded for the highest degrees of national
service
Pulitzer awards are for Literacy achievement
Padma Awards:
Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri
Padma awards are for exceptional and distinguished service in any field
including service rendered by Government servants.
Gallantry Awards:
Param Vir Chakra (PVC), Ashok Chakra, Shaurya Chakra
These awards are given for appreciating the brave and gallant
The Golden Peacock Awards
It is recognised worldwide as the hallmark of corporate excellence. It builds the
Brand Equity and inspires and aligns the entire workforce.
Manthan Award
Arjun Awards
It is an initiative in India to recognize the best practices in e-Content and
Creativity.
Arjuna Award is given for Excellence in sports
FiFi Awards
The FiFi Awards honor the fragrance industry's creative achievements
International Gandhi Peace Prize
This award is given to individuals and institutions for their contributions
towards social, economic and political revolution through non-violence and
Gandhian philosophy. The award carries Rs. 10 million in cash.
Lal Bahadur Shastri National
Award
Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award is for Excellence in Public Administration,
Academics and Management
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna
The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna is India’s highest honour given for achievement in
sports.
GREEN STAR AWARDS
The Green Star Awards recognize those who have made extraordinary efforts to
respond to environmental disasters around the world.
Famous Cups and Trophies
Cricket : Ashes, Anthony Demellow trophy, C.K. Naidu trophy, Cooch-Behar Trophy, Deodhar Trophy,
Duleep Trophy, Irani Trophy, Moin-ud-dowla-Cup, Netwest Trophy, Ranji Trophy, Rohinton Bria Trophy,
Sheesh Mahal Trophy, Sheffield Shield, etc....
Football : B.C. Roy Trophy, Bordoloi Trophy, DCM Cup, Durand Cup, G.v. Raja Memorial Trophy,
Mardeka Cup, Nehru Gold cup, Rovers Cup, Santosh Trophy
Golf : canada Cup, Muthiah Gold Cup, Ryder Cup, Walker Cup
Hockey : Agha Khan Cup, Alan Shah Cup, Beighten Cup, Dhyan Chand Trophy, Gyanvati Devi Trophy,
Indira Gandhi Gold cup, Khan Abdul Gaffar Cup, Lady Ratna Tata Cup(women), Modi Gold Cup,
Murugappa Gold Cup, Obaidullah Gold Cup, Rangaswami Cup
Table Tennis : Corbillion Cup (women), Jayalaxmi Cup(women), Swaythling Cup (Men), U. thant Cup
Lawn Tennis : Davis Cup, Hamlet Cup, Gaffar cup, Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, US open
Badminton : Ibrahim Rahimatulah Chalenge Cup, Thomus Cup(Men), Uber Cup (women), Narang Cup
Boxing : Aspy Adjahia Trophy
Rowing : Wellington Trophy
Bridge : Ruia Trophy
Polo : Ezat Cup, Winchester Cup
Chess : Khaitan Trophy
List of Cups And Trophies
Sport: Hockey Aga khan Cup ,Begam Rasul Torphy (woman’s), Maharaja Ranjit Singh Gold Cup, Lady
Ratan Tata Trophy (woman’s), Gurunanak Championship (woman’s) Dhyanchand Trophy, Nehru Trophy,
Sindhia Gold cup, Murugappa Gold Cup, Wellington Cup etc,
Sport: Football Beghum Hazarat Mahal Cup, BILT Cup, Bordoloi Trophy Colombo Cup, Confederation cup,
DCM Trophy, Durand Cup, Rovers Cup, B.C. Raj Trophy (National Championship), FIFA world Cup, Jules
Rimet Trophy, Kalinga Cup, Santosh Trophy (National Championship), IFA Shield, Scissor Cup, Subroto
Mukherjee Cup, Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee Trophy, Todd Memorial Trophy, Vittal Trophy, Euro Cup, etc,
Sport: Cricket Anthony D, Mellow Trophy, Ashes, Asia Cup, Benson and Hedges Cup, Bose Trophy,
Champions Trophy, Charminar Challender Cup, C.K Naidu Trophy, Cooch – Behar Trophy, Deodhar Trophy,
Duldeep Trophy, Gavaskar –Border Trophy, G.D. Birla Trophy, Gillette Cup, Ghulam Ahmad Trophy,
Hamkumat Rai Trophy, ICC World Cup, Irani Trophy Interface Cup, Jawharlal Nehru Cup, Lomboard World
Challenge Cup, Mc Dowells Challenge Cup, Merchant Cup, Moin –ud –Dowla Cup, Net West Trophy,
Prudential Cup(World Cup), Rani Jhansi Trophy, Ranji Trophy, Rohinton
Barcia Trophy, Rothmans Cup, Sahara Cup, Sharjah Cup, Sheesh Mahal Trophy, Sheffield Shield, Singer
Cup, Sir Frank Worrel Trophy, Texaco Cup, Titan Cup, Vijay Hazare Trophy, Vijay Merchant Trophy, Vizzy
Trophy, Wisden Trophy, Wills Trophy, World Series Cup.
Sport: Table Tennis Berna Bellack cup( Men), Cobillion Cup (women), Jai Laxmi cup(women),Rajkumari
Challenge Cup (women junior), Ramanuja Trophy (men Junior),
Travancore Cup (women), Swathling Cup (men) etc.
Sport: Badminton Aggrawal Cup, Amrit Diwan Cup, Asia Cup, Australasia Cup, Chaddha Cup, European
Cup, Harilela Cup, Ibrahim Rahimatillah Challenger Cup, Konica Cup, Sophia Cup, Kitiakara Cup, Thomas
Cup Tunku Abdulrahman Cup, Uber Cup, Yonex Cup etc.
Sport: Basketball Basalat Jha Trophy, B.C. Gupta Trophy, Federation Cup, S.M. Arjuna Raja Trophy, Todd
memorial Trophy, William jones Cup, Bangalore Bules Challenge Cup, Nehru Cup, Federation Cup etc.
Sport: Bridge
Basalat Jha Trophy, Holkar Trophy, Ruia Gold Cup, Singhania Trophy. etc
Sport: Polo
Ezra Cup, Gold Cup, King’s Cup, Prithi Pal Singh Cup, Radha
Mohan Cup, Winchester Cup etc.
Sport: Athletics Charminar Trophy, Federation Cup etc.
Sport: Air Racing Jawaharlal Challenge Trophy, King’s Cup, Schneider Cup etc.
Sport: Billiards
Arthur Walker Trophy, Thomas Cup etc.
Sport: Boxing Aspy Adjahia Trophy, Federations Cup,Val Baker Trophy etc.
Sport: Golf Canada Cup, Eisenhower Trophy, Muthiah Gold Cup, Nomura Trophy, President ‘s Trophy,
Prince of wales Cup, Ryder Cup, Solheim Cup, Topolino Trophy, Walker Cup, World Cup etc.
Sport: Ches sNaidu Trophy, Khaitan Torphy , Lin Are City Trophy, World Cup etc.
Sport: Horse Racing Beresford Cup, Blue Riband Cup, Derby, Grand National Cup etc.
Sport: Netbal lAnantrao Pawar Trophy etc.
Sport: Rugby Football Bledisloe Cup, Calcutta Cup, Webb Ellis Trophy, etc.
Sport: Shooting North Wales Cup, Welsh Grand Prix etc.
Sport: Volleyball Centennial Cup, Federation Cup, and Indira Pradhan Trophy, Shivanthi Gold Cup, etc.
Sport: Yatch Racing America Cup etc.
National Parks in India
1. Bandhavgarh National Park ( Madhya Pradesh)
2. Ranthambore National Park (Rajsthan)
3. Kaziranga National Park ( Assam)
4. Kanha National Park (Madhya Pradesh)”.
5. Sundarbans National Park
6. Manas National Park (Assam)
7. Bandipur National Park ( Karnatka)
8. Sultanpur National Park ( Haryana)
9. Rajaji National Park, Uttaranchal
10. Dudhwa National Park, U.P.
11. Bandipur & Nagarhole National Parks, Karnataka
12. Bhalukpong, Arunachal
13. Simplipal National Park, Orissa
14. Nandankanan Zoo, Orissa
15. Gahirmatha Turtle Sanctuary, Orissa
16. Namdhapha National Park, Arunachal
17. Velvadhar Blackbuck Sanctuary, Gujarat
18. Wild Ass Sanctuary, Gujarat
19. Dachigam National Park, J&K
20. The Great Himalayan National Park, H.P.
21. Dibru Saikhowa National Park, Assam
22. Milroy or Pabha Sanctuary, Assam
23. Nameri National Park, Assam
24. Pin Valley National Park, H.P.
25. Hemis High Altitude National Park, J&K.
Metals found in India at Major Level
1. Aluminium
is found in Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh ,Chttishgarh ,
Maharastra
,Gujarat
2. Asbestos
is found in Rajasthan, Karnataka
3. Coal
is found in Jharkhand, West Bengal ,Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh ,Orissa,
Andhra Pradesh
4. Diamonds are found in Madhya Pradesh ,Chttishgarh
5. Marble is found in Rajasthan
6. Mica is found is Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan
7. Thorium is found in Kerala ,Tamil Nadu ,Andhra Pradesh
8. Uranium is found in Kerala , Jharkhand
9. Zinc is found in Rajasthan
10.The reserves of lignite have been estimated as little over 37.15 billion tones as on 1
April 2005 out of which the major contributors is the lignite basins of Tamil Nadu.
Countries and their monuments
Country Name
Monument
Australia
Opera House (Sydney)
China
The Great Wall of China
Denmark
Kinder disk
Egypt
Pyramid
France
Eiffel Tower (Paris)
India
The Taj Mahal (Agra)
Italy
Leaning Tower of Pisa
Japan
Emperial Palace
Malaysia
Tugu Negara
Russia
Kremlin (Moscow)
USA
Statue of Liberty (New York)
Chief Election Commissioners of India
1. Sukumar Sen:
21 March 1950 to 19 December 1958
2. Kalyan Sundaram:
3. S. P. Sen Verma:
4. Nagendra Singh:
5. T. Swaminathan:
6. S. L. Shakdhar:
7. R. K. Trivedi:
8. R. V. S. Peri Sastri:
9. V. S. Ramadevi:
20 December 1958 to 30 September 1967
1 October 1967 to 30 September 1972
1 October 1972 to 6 February 1973
7 February 1973 to 17 June 1977
18 June 1977 to 17 June 1982
18 June 1982 to 31 December 1985
1 January 1986 to 25 November 1990
26 November 1990 to 11 December 1990
10. T. N. Seshan:
12 December 1990 to 11 December 1996
11. M. S. Gill:
12. J. M. Lyngdoh:
13. T. S. Krishnamurthy:
14. B. B. Tandon:
15. N. Gopalaswami:
16. Navin Chawla:
17. S. Y. Quraishi:
18. V. S. Sampath:
12 December 1996 to 13 June 2001
14 June 2001 to 7 February 2004
8 February 2004 to 15 May 2005
16 May 2005 to 29 June 2006
30 June 2006 to 20 April 2009
21 April 2009 to 29 July 2010
30 July 2010 to 10 June 2012
10 June 2012 to incumbent