Name _____KEY______________ Due Date ________________________
Biology Semester 1
Final Review Packet
Unit Topic: Scientific Method
Experiment #1 Jordan is doing a science fair project on the effects of music on
the growth of tomatoes. He has two red tomato plants, Plant A (Roma) and Plant B
(Cherry), that he grows in the same window and gives the same amount of water.
Plant A is exposed to classical music using headphones attached to the soil. Jordan
picked classical music because a judge was listening to classical music and must love
classical music. For sure, he will be chosen the winner. Throughout the growth
period, Jordan counts the number of tomatoes produced by each plant.
Plant A = 35 Tomatoes | Plant B = 55 Tomatoes
1) Identify the problem.
Will plants grow differently with classical music?
2) What is the control group?
Plant group B – no music (only group A listened to classical music
3) What is the independent variable?
I changed – music
4) What is the dependent variable?
Growth of tomato plant
5) What does the word constant mean?
No change
Name one thing that was not constant in the experiment that probably should
have been. Plant A was Roma and Plant B was Cherry – should have been same type of tomato
plant. Maybe some plants naturally grow more tomatoes.
6) What should Jordan’s conclusion be? Write this in a complete sentence.
Classical Music did not help the plant grow more tomatoes.
7) Name one qualitative and one quantitative piece of information from Experiment
#1.
Qualitative – red tomato plants
Quantitative – number of tomatoes
8) Name one observation and one inference that can be made from Experiment #1
Observation - Tomatoes are red
Infernce - he must like classical music
Unit Topic: Characteristics of Life
9) What element on the periodic table is found in all living things?
Carbon
10) List all the different characteristics of life and give an example of each
Made up of Cells
Metabolism (Obtain and Use Energy)
Heredity
Growth and Development
Reproduction
Homeostasis
Responsiveness
Adapt Through Evolution
11) Define abiotic and biotic and give three examples of each.
Biotic Factors = all living factors Ex- birds, trees, humans
Abiotic Factors = all nonliving factors Ex- water, wind, soil, temperature, precipitation, humidity
12) What is classification and why is it important?
Is grouping organisms based on their similar structures, also known as taxonomy
important to group organisms and have names make sense, instead of starfish
13) List the seven taxon levels in order from largest to smallest.
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, family, genus, species
Kings play chess on fuzzy green stools
14) Fill out the following chart by listing the 5 kingdoms covered in class and what
their characteristics are.
Kingdoms
Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plant
Animal
Multicellular/
Unicellular
Unicellular
Unicellular
Multicellular
Multicellular
Multicellular
Autotroph or
Heterotroph
Auto/Hetero
Auto/Hetero
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Heterotroph
Mobile/ Not
Mobile
Not mobile
mobile
Not mobile
Not mobile
mobile
Examples
bacteria
amoeba
mushroom
Evergreen tree
lion
15) What is Binomial Nomenclature and who developed the system?
Two name naming system – Genus species developed by Carlos Linnaeus
Unit Topic: Ecology
16) Define Ecology - The study of interactions of organisms (The relationships among organisms,
and between organisms) and their environments (the living world)
17) Put the following 7 levels of organization in order (smallest to largest) and be able
to define each level. (community, organism, ecosystem, biome, population, biosphere,
species)Organism – one individual
Species - Individuals (a group of individuals that can breed and produce fertile offspring)
Population - group of one species that live in the same area
Community - different populations that live together in same area
Ecosystem - collection of all organisms that live together in a particular place (living & non-living)
Biome - a group of ecosystems that have the same climate & similar dominant communities (ex. Desert)
Biosphere - Earth (includes land, water and air)
18) What is the difference between decomposers, detritivores, and scavengers.
Scavengers - Feeds on the bodies of dead animals. Ex. Turkey vulture
Decomposers – eat – dead animals and plants and decompose them. Return nutrients to soil. Ex.
Fungi and bacteria.
Detritivores – are organisms that feed on plant and animal remains and other dead matter (detrius).
They are a type of decomposer. Ex. Mites,
earthworms
19) What is the following a diagram of?
Food chain
Producer
Autotroph
Primary
consumer
heterotroph
herbivore
secondary
consumer
heterotroph
omnivore
tertiary
consumer
heterotroph
carnivore
Label the following in the diagram above. (producers, primary consumers, secondary
consumers, tertiary consumers, autotrophs, heterotrophs, herbivores, carnivores,
omnivores)
20) Describe how matter and energy are different in a food chain. Which one
increases, which one decreases, which can be cycled.
Matter is what takes up space like plants/animals/soil. More matter is found lower on the food
chain. Think about the biomass pyramids.
Energy cannot be seen. It is cycled through the food chain. It decreases as you go up the
chain.
21. a. What is the following a diagram of?
Food web
b. List the herbivores
squirrels, rabbits, grasshoppers
c. List the carnivores.
Fox, owl, snake, frog
d. List the omnivores.
mouse
e. List the producers
plants/trees with berries
f. List the primary consumers
grasshopper, mouse, squirrel
g. List the secondary consumers
frog, mouse, snake, fox
h. List the tertiary consumers
owl
i. List the autotrophs
plants/ trees with berries
j. What is one food chain on the food web?
Plants – mouse - fox
k. Can any of the organisms be labeled a primary consumer and a secondary
consumer? If no, explain your answer. If yes, explain your answer and give an
example.
The mouse – primary because it eats the plants
secondary because it eats the grasshopper that ate the plants
l. What type of organism is missing from this diagram?
Decomposers - mushrooms
m. How many trophic levels are there in the food web?
Four (producer, primary, secondary, tertiary consumers)
n. Which of the above (In #6b-h) must be in every ecosystem?
producers
o. Which organism on your food web has the most energy to begin with?
plants/ trees with berries
There are multiple paths leading to the mouse.
p. Describe which pathway the highest amount energy would be available to the
mouse?
One arrow from the plants
q. Describe which pathway the lowest amount of energy would be available to
the mouse.
Two arrows from plants to grasshoppers to mouse
22) a. What is the 10% rule?
On average only about 10% of the light energy from the Sun actually ends up stored in the plant
tissues. If an animal eats the plant, only 10% of this is used to build new animal tissues. The
rest is used by the animal to stay alive, keep warm and move about, and some is lost in its faeces
and urine.
b. Using the 10% rule, with regard to biomass, calculate how much biomass is
converted to the primary consumer tissues if an average of 3000kg of plant
material is consumed by them.
energy can be cycled
so if 3000kg to start then 300kg goes to primary consumer
Biomass is the total mass of living material at a certain stage in a food
chain. Biomass is largest at the bottom and is decreasing in amount
as it goes up trophic levels to the consumers. Therefore, we can
expect that higher trophic levels, in this case the Largest fish, which
feeds on the next fish, will have less biomass because less energy is available to them.
23) As energy is transferred (converted) in the environment through living things three
conversions are involved (heat, light energy and chemical energy. Explain each one
and in what order the conversions take place.
light energy
chemical energy
heat
24) Define and give an example of each symbiotic relationship?
a. Parasitism (discuss parasites and hosts) One benefits while the other is harmed. Ticks
burrow into a dog’s skin to feed on the dog’s blood. While feeding, the tick can pass diseases on to the
dog.
b. Commensalism – One benefits while other is neither harmed nor helped. When buffalo
walk through grass, they stir up insects. The egrets stay with the buffalo herd and eat the insects. The
buffalo are not helped or hurt.
c. Mutualism – when both individuals benefit. Oxpeckers (the little birds) eat ticks off of a
rhinoceros. Oxpeckers make a loud noise when they sense danger, alerting the rhinoceros to the danger.
d. Predation (discuss predators and prey) One is the hunter (predator) and one is the
hunted (the prey). The predator eats the prey. Like a wolf and a rabbit.
e. mimicry one mimics another to benefit somehow. A hawk moth caterpillar looks just like a
snake. The enemies of the Hawk Moth caterpillar don't know! So they avoid it--just in
25. Using the diagram to the right, if
there is 8500 units of energy available in
the grass trophic level, calculate the
amount of energy available at each of the
other levels.
8500
850
85
8.5
26. Answer the following questions with which level in the diagram below would be
the best answer.
a. First level consumers are in level:
Herbivores/Primary consumers
b. Predators would be found in level(s):
Carnivores/ Top Carnivores
c. The greatest number of organisms is
in level:
photosynthesis/ primary producers
d. The greatest amount of energy is in
level:
photosynthesis/ primary producers
Nutrient Cycles
Water Cycle
27. What is …
a. precipitation?
Rain… water gas to liquid
b. evaporation?
Water liquid to gas
c. transpiration?
Water Gas to liquid
d. Surface runoff?
Water on the ground runs
to a lake/stream/ocean
28. What are the four main areas for storing water? Clouds/oceans/groundwater/runoff
Carbon cycle
29. Where does Carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere enter the biotic parts of the
biosphere?
Photosynthesis in plants
30. What part does the following play in
the CO2 cycle?
a. Sunlight?
Helps with photosynthesis to use CO2
b. Factory emissions?
Emissions give out co2
c. Soil?
Stores carbon that factories use
Ecological Succession
31. Define
a. Ecological succession - A Series of Predictable changes that occurs in a community
over time
b. Primary succession Begins in a place without any soil. Ex. Sides of volcanoes
Or where landslides or flooding took place
c. Secondary succession When a disturbance changes a community without removing the
soil. It was once the home of living organisms. Occurs faster and has different pioneer species
than primary succession. Ex: after forest fires, abandoned farms
d. Pioneer species – first living organisms inhabit an area. Ex. Lichen/moss
e. Climax Community - A stable group of plants and animals that is the end result of the
succession process. Does not always mean big trees. Ex. Grasses in prairies
32. Would primary or secondary succession begin after a forest fire?__secondary____
33. What about after a lava flow?___primary______
Populations
34. What will happen to the overall population size if the following increased:
a. The death rate? Overall population would decrease
b. The food supply? Overall population would increase
c. Reproduction? Overall population would increase
d. Birth rate? Overall population would increase
35. List three density dependent limiting factors
Food/shelter/water
36. List three density independent limiting factors
Rain/weather/climate/soil
37. What is the population density for 55 cows living on 12 acres of farm land?
Show the equation and all work for full credit.
Number of animals/ area of living space 55/12 =
Human Impact
38. What are invasive species and why do they have a negative impact on the
environment? (ex: zebra mussels, Asian carp, purple loosestrife)- an organism that causes ecological
or economic harm in a new environment where it is not native (normally found).
39. How do sprawling cities have a negative impact on the environment?
an increasing number of people are moving away from central urban areas (for example, big cities like
Chicago) into areas that used to be rural (for example, Mokena).
40. What is biomagnification and how does it have a negative impact on the
environment? (DDT, mercury, or dioxins)- when organisms higher up in the food chain contain
higher concentrations of a particular chemical; generally occurs through a series of prey-predator
relationships.
BioChemistry
41. What are the four main elements found in humans?
Nitrogen, hydrogen , oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen
42. List the four main Biological molecules and fill out the rest of the chart with
information about them.
Biological Molecule
What is it?
Carbohydrates
lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acid
C, H, O, 1:2:1 ratio
What is the job or
function of it?
Example
Cells
43. Name the organelles in the following diagram and give their function.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Lysosomes (digesting waste)
Vacuoles (store water/food)
Centrioles (cell division)
Nucleus (control center)
Nucleolus (make ribosomes)
Chloroplasts (photosynthesis)
Golgi Apparatus (sort, packaging)
Cytoplasm (hold things in place)
Ribosomes (make proteins)
Mitochondria (powerhouse)
Endoplasmic reticulum
Nuclear membrane (regulate in/out
of nucleus)
13. Cell wall (protection/structure)
14. Cell membrane (regulate in/out of
cell)
Cell Membrane
44. What is the function of the cell membrane?
◦
◦
Gives support & protection
Controls movement of material in and out of cell
45. Describe what it means for the cell membrane to be selectively permeable.
To select what is able to go through
46. What is the cell membrane made up of?
Double layer of phospholipids with other molecules like proteins, carbohydrates and lipids (like
cholesterol)
47. Define diffusion and give an example.
Molecules moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration
48. Define osmosis and give an example.
Osmosis is the movement of WATER across a semi-permeable membrane
49. Types of solutions
a. Beaker A. The solution in the beaker has 0% sugar
concentration and the solution inside of the bag has 25% sugar
concentration. The solution in the bag is (Hypotonic, Isotonic,
Hypertonic) compared to the solution in the beaker. Draw an
arrow to show which way the water molecules will move. Describe
what will happen to the size of the bag (increase, decrease, or stay
the same.
b. Beaker B. The solution in the beaker has 25% sugar
concentration and the solution inside of the bag has 25% sugar
concentration. The solution in the bag is (Hypotonic, Isotonic,
Hypertonic) compared to the solution in the beaker. Draw an
arrow to show which way the water molecules will move. Describe
what will happen to the size of the bag (increase, decrease, or stay
the same).
c. Beaker C. The solution in the beaker has 50% sugar
concentration and the solution inside of the bag has 25% sugar
concentration. The solution in the bag is (Hypotonic, Isotonic,
Hypertonic) compared to the solution in the beaker. Draw an
arrow to show which way the water molecules will move.
Describe what will happen to the size of the bag (increase, decrease, or stay the
same).
Photosynthesis
50. In what organelle does photosynthesis occur?
Chloroplasts
51. What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
(give the chemical formula and name and label the products and reactants)
Reactants (water, carbon dioxide and sunlight)
Products (glucose and oxygen)
52. What is chlorophyll?
is a pigment that absorbs red & blue light (photons) so green is reflected or transmitted.
in chloroplasts in plants
Cellular Respiration
The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence
of oxygen.
53. In what organelle does cellular respiration occur?
Mitochondria
54. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?
(give the chemical formula and name and label the products and reactants)
Reactants (glucose and oxygen)
Products (water, carbon dioxide and chemical energy)
C6H12O6 + 6 O2
6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 36 ATP