Diagnosis of Kidney Disorders - GM
The identification of proteins and sugars in urine samples can reveal kidney disease. This assignment will
involve the use of simulated urine samples which have been tested for the indication of kidney disease.
Biuret reagent can be used to identify proteins. It reacts with the peptide bonds joining amino acids together.
The results are shown in Figure 1.
No protein present
(blue)
Protein present
(pink-purple)
Figure 1
Benedict’s solution can be used to identify the presence of sugars (glucose). The colour chart in Table 1
summarizes the quantitative results obtained when reducing sugars, such as glucose, react with benedict’s
solution.
Table 1: Benedict’s Solution Test Results for Glucose
Colour of
Benedict’s Solution
Approximate %
of Sugar
Blue
Negative
Light Green
0.5% - 1.0%
Green to Yellow
1.0% - 1.5%
Orange
1.5% - 2.0%
Red to Red-brown
> 2.0%
A micropipette was used to extract fluids from various structures within the kidney from four patients. The
four patient samples of Urine have been tested and the results are given in the tables below (Tables 2, 3, 4
& 5). You are to analyze the urine samples then answer the questions which follow. [All answers can be
found using the Nelson, Biology 12 textbook].
Table 2: Analysis of Samples Collected from Patient #1
Solute
Blood
Urine
Biuret
Plasma
Loop
Bowman’s
Collecting Output Reagent
from
Glomerulus
of
Capsule
Duct
in
Results
Afferent
Henle
mL/Day of Urine
Arteriole
Benedict’s
Solution
Results of
Urine
Protein
6.25
0.00
0.03
No
Data
0.00
N/A
Blue
N/A
Urea
0.062
0.062
0.062
1.39
1.96
N/A
N/A
N/A
Glucose
0.10
0.10
0.10
No
Data
No Data
N/A
N/A
Blue
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1440
N/A
N/A
N/A – Not Applicable;
Quantities are in g/100mL
Table 3: Analysis of Samples Collected from Patient #2
Solute
Blood
Urine
Biuret
Plasma
Loop
Bowman’s
Collecting Output Reagent
from
Glomerulus
of
Capsule
Duct
in
Results
Afferent
Henle
mL/Day of Urine
Arteriole
Benedict’s
Solution
Results of
Urine
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2400
N/A
N/A
Urea
0.062
0.062
0.062
1.39
1.96
N/A
N/A
N/A
Glucose
0.315
0.315
0.215
N/A
N/A
Red
Protein
6.25
0.00
N/A
Blue
N/A
N/A – Not Applicable;
No
Data
No
0.00
0.03
Data
Quantities are in g/100mL
0.315
Table 4: Analysis of Samples Collected from Patient #3
Solute
Blood
Urine
Biuret
Plasma
Loop
Bowman’s
Collecting Output Reagent
from
Glomerulus
of
Capsule
Duct
in
Results
Afferent
Henle
mL/Day of Urine
Arteriole
Benedict’s
Solution
Results of
Urine
Urea
0.062
0.062
0.062
1.39
1.96
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2365
N/A
N/A
Protein
6.25
0.00
0.00
N/A
Blue
N/A
Glucose
0.10
No Data
N/A
N/A
Blue
N/A – Not Applicable;
No
Data
No
0.10
0.10
Data
Quantities are in g/100mL
0.03
Table 5: Analysis of Samples Collected from Patient #4
Solute
Blood
Urine
Biuret
Plasma
Loop
Bowman’s
Collecting Output Reagent
from
Glomerulus
of
Capsule
Duct
in
Results
Afferent
Henle
mL/Day of Urine
Arteriole
Benedict’s
Solution
Results of
Urine
Glucose
0.10
0.10
0.10
No
Data
No Data
N/A
N/A
Blue
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1440
N/A
N/A
Protein
6.25
1.13
1.13
No
Data
N/A
N/A
Purple
N/A
Urea
0.062
0.062
0.062
1.39
1.96
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A – Not Applicable;
Quantities are in g/100mL
Questions:
1.
a.
b.
Which sample indicates diabetes mellitus? Provide your reasoning for your choice.
What is the recommended treatment for diabetes mellitus?
2.
a.
b.
Which sample indicates diabetes insipidus? Provide your reasoning for your choice.
What is the recommended treatment for diabetes insipidus?
3.
a.
b.
Which sample indicates Bright’s disease? Provide your reasoning for your choice.
Why is Bright’s disease difficult to treat?
4.
Which sample indicates no disease? Provide your reasoning for your answer.