Name _________________ Date_________
Chapter 2, Lesson 1
What are physical and chemical changes?
____________ before and after being carved. Physical Changes:
Examples of Physical Changes:
raindrops become _______________, a
potato gets __________________, a piece
of wood is _______________, ice cream
that ___________ onto the ground, salt
crystals ______________ into water.
__________________ becomes
_________________ when cooked.
Chemical Changes:
For example, pancake batter when
cooked ________________, ____________,
______________, and _______________
differently.
When a _____________ _______________
occurs, _______________ rearrange
themselves to form ___________________
kinds of matter.
A ____________ marshmallow shows
evidence of a chemical change.
Evidence of Chemical Changes:
___________________ is another chemical
change. When a marshmallow burns is
produces three new substances: ________,
__________________________________,
and ____________________________.
Name _________________ Date_________
Chapter 2, Lesson 1
What are physical and chemical changes?
Gemstones before and after being carved.
Physical Changes: changes in size, shape,
volume, and state of matter.
Examples of Physical Changes:
raindrops become frozen, a potato gets
grated, a piece of wood is sawed in half,
ice cream that drips onto the ground, salt
crystals mixed into water.
Pancake batter becomes pancakes when Chemical Changes: occur when one kind
of matter changes into a different kind
cooked.
of matter with different properties.
For example, pancake batter when
cooked looks, tastes, feels and smells
differently.
When a chemical change
occurs, atoms rearrange themselves to
form different kinds of matter.
A burning marshmallow shows
evidence of a chemical change.
Evidence of Chemical Changes:
Chemical changes often produce a gas or
a solid.
Burning is another chemical change.
When a marshmallow burns is produces
three new substances: ash,
carbon dioxide,
and water vapor.
Chapter 2, lesson 2
How does matter change state?
An object is a ______________,
________________, or
____________ because of the
_______________ and positions
of its ____________ or
_______________________.
The three forms of water are
called ______________ or states
of matter.
The state of a material at room
temperature is a
__________________ property.
Compared to solids and liquids,
particles of a __________ are
_____________________________.
As solids melt, their particles __________________. Freezing and Melting:
The _________________ point is
when a ___________ turns into a
___________. While the
_____________________________
is when a _____________ turns
into a _________________.
Evaporation:
The _____________________ is a
physical property of a liquid.
Condensation:
Often this occurs when gas
particles touch a ___________
surface.
Sublimation:
carbon dioxide in its solid form
is known as _______________.
Chapter 2, lesson 2
How does matter change state?
An object is a solid,
liquid , or gas because of the
motions and positions of its
atoms or molecules.
The three forms of water are
called phases or states of matter.
The state of a material at room
temperature is a physical
property.
Compared to solids and liquids,
particles of a gas are
very far apart.
As solids melt, their particles gain energy.
Freezing and Melting:
Particles slow down and vibrate
in place as liquids get colder
and freeze.
The freezing point is when a
liquid turns into a solid. While
the melting point
is when a solid turns into a
liquid. (This is a physical
property)
Evaporation: particles leave a
liquid and become a gas.
The boiling point is a physical
property of a liquid.
Condensation: a gas turns into a
liquid.
Often this occurs when gas
particles touch a cold surface.
Sublimation: solids change
directly to gases – carbon
dioxide in its solid form is
known as dry ice.
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
What are some kinds of chemical reactions?
Water is the _______________, and
_________________ changes occur during
oxygen is the ______________.
chemical _________________, and
substances _____________ into other
substances.
Reactant:
Product:
Chemical equation:
Matter cannot be _____________ or
_____________ during chemical reactions.
___________________ breaks down in a
____________________reaction (water
and oxygen gas)
Three types of reactions:
1. Decomposition reaction:
2. Combination reaction:
3. Replacement reaction:
During a chemical reaction, ____________
in the ________________ rearrange to
form products that have
_______________________ properties.
No original atoms are __________ and no
new atoms are _______________. The
atoms simply __________________ in new
ways to form new ____________________.
__________ forms from a combination
reaction.
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
What are some kinds of chemical reactions?
Water is the reactant, and oxygen is the Chemical changes occur during chemical
product.
reactions, and substances change into
other substances.
Reactant: the substance used in the
reaction.
Product: the substance made by the
reaction.
Chemical equation: shows what
happened during a chemical reaction.
(like a math problem with arrows)
Hydrogen Peroxide breaks down in a
decomposition reaction (water and
oxygen gas)
Matter cannot be created or
destroyed during chemical reactions.
Three types of reactions:
1. Decomposition reaction: compounds
split apart to form smaller compounds
or elements.
Ex. AB = A + B
2. Combination reaction: elements or
compounds come together to form new
compounds.
Ex. A + B = AB
3. Replacement reaction: two or more
compounds split apart. The parts switch
places.
Ex. AB + CD = AD + CB
During a chemical reaction, atoms in the
reactants rearrange to form products that
have different properties.
No original atoms are lost and no new
atoms are added. The atoms simply
combine in new ways to form new
substances.
Rust forms from a combination reaction.
Chapter 2, Lesson 4
How are chemical properties used?
________________ and
______________ properties
may be used to
________________ mixtures
and help
__________________
materials.
Procedure
Place a hard boiled egg in each of two mason jars. Fill one of the jars with
water and the other with vinegar. Next. place a well-washed chicken bone in
each of the two mason jars. Fill one of the jars with water and the other with
vinegar. Now, place a seashell in each of two mason jars. Fill one of the jars
with water and the other with vinegar. Now wait about 4 days. The objects
which have been sitting in vinegar have changed. The objects which have
been sitting in water are the same. The bone will be bendy, the seashell will
be squishy, and the egg shell will be gone making for a bouncy egg.
What's Going On?
Calcium carbonate is in egg shells, bones, and seashells. When calcium
carbonate comes into contact with vinegar, which contains acetic acid, a
chemical reaction occurs. Simply put, the calcium carbonate breaks down into
a "calcium part" and a "carbonate part". The "calcium part" is a calcium salt
that dissolves or precipitates and the "carbonate part" is a carbon dioxide
which bubbles away. Water is also a product of the reaction. One might say
the acetic acid dissolves the calcium from the bone, egg, and seashell.
Chemical properties may be
used to separate __________
from rocks with the use of
__________________ which
breaks down limestone.
Separating Metals from
Ores:
Separating Solutions:
______________ and
________________ are two
types of substances.
Example of an acid
__________ and a base
________________. The
stronger the acid or base the
greater the ______________.
Acids and bases can be distinguished from each other by their different
properties. For example, acids taste sour and turn blue litmus red. In
contrast, bases are bitter and turn red litmus blue.
Universal indicator paper:
Chapter 2, Lesson 4
How are chemical properties used?
Chemical and physical
properties may be used to
separate mixtures and help
identify materials.
Procedure
Place a hard boiled egg in each of two mason jars. Fill one of the jars with
water and the other with vinegar. Next. place a well-washed chicken bone in
each of the two mason jars. Fill one of the jars with water and the other with
vinegar. Now, place a seashell in each of two mason jars. Fill one of the jars
with water and the other with vinegar. Now wait about 4 days. The objects
which have been sitting in vinegar have changed. The objects which have
been sitting in water are the same. The bone will be bendy, the seashell will
be squishy, and the egg shell will be gone making for a bouncy egg.
What's Going On?
Calcium carbonate is in egg shells, bones, and seashells. When calcium
carbonate comes into contact with vinegar, which contains acetic acid, a
chemical reaction occurs. Simply put, the calcium carbonate breaks down into
a "calcium part" and a "carbonate part". The "calcium part" is a calcium salt
that dissolves or precipitates and the "carbonate part" is a carbon dioxide
which bubbles away. Water is also a product of the reaction. One might say
the acetic acid dissolves the calcium from the bone, egg, and seashell.
Chemical properties may be
used to separate fossils
from rocks with the use of
vinegar which breaks down
limestone.
Separating Metals from
Ores: Heating iron ore
allows the iron to separate
from the oxygen in the ore.
Separating Solutions:
A reaction between two
substances can be used to
separate the original
substance ex. Lead iodide
Acids and bases are two
types of substances.
Example of an acid vinegar
and a base soap. The
stronger the acid or base the
greater the reaction.
Acids and bases can be distinguished from each other by their different
properties. For example, acids taste sour and turn blue litmus red. In
contrast, bases are bitter and turn red litmus blue.
Universal indicator paper:
This helps to identify a
substance. Acids will turn
indicator paper red, and
bases turn it purple.