User:Geetugambhir68/Temp/IONIC
LIQUIDS abstract.doc
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IONIC LIQUIDS : GREEN SOLVENTS FOR THE FUTURE
Dr.Sunita Hooda, Dr.Vandana Uberoi, Dr.Geetu Gambhir
Acharya Narendra Dev College
Contents

1 Department of Chemistry
o 1.1 Govind Puri Kalkaji Delhi-110019
 1.1.1 Abstract
 1.1.1.1 References
Department of Chemistry
Govind Puri Kalkaji Delhi-110019
Abstract
Ionic liquids are organic salts in which the ions are poorly coordinated, which results in these
solvents being liquid below 100OC, or near room temperature (room temperature ionic liquids,
RTIL’s).The cationic part of most ionic liquids are organic based moieties such as imidazolium,
N-alkyl pyridinium tetra alkyl phosphonium ions. The anionic part can be organic or inorganic
and include entities like halides acetate, nitrate, tetra fluoro borate hexa chloro phosphate etc.
[[Image:]] Ionic liquids tend to be very promising solvents due to their potential to make ideal
green solvents as they have negligible vapor pressure and do not evaporate into the atmosphere,
making them a more environmentally responsible material than traditional volatile organic
solvents. The absence of volaltility is one of the most important benefit of ionic liquids, offering
a much lower toxicity as compared to low boiling solvents.They not only provide less hazardous
solvent option but further the diverse selection of the cations and anions allows to engineer the
physicochemical properties of RTIL’s by the choice of ionic constituents and allowing for the
tailor made solvents. . For this reason, ionic liquids have been termed as “designer solvents” For
example, by changing the anion or alkyl chain on 1-alkyl-3-methyl imidazoliumn cation, a wide
variation in properties such as hydrophobicity, viscosity, density and salvation can be obtained.
[emim][BF4] where e: ethyl, m: methyl, im: imidazolium
Others:[emim][PF6],[emim][CF3SO3],[emim][NO3],[emim][CLO4]
In this review, ionic liquids have been studied in detail. The various examples of ionic liquids
obtained from methyl imidazolium and pyridinium ions have been taken into consideration.
Ionic liquids represent a new class of salts that are distinguished by a range of useful properties
such as negligible vapor pressure, thermal stability, non-flammability, high ionic conductivity
,melting point, normal workable viscosity moderate polarity and solubility of starting materials
and other solvents, make them attractive as alternative medium for new synthetic pathways
,increased reaction rates and distinct selectivity in organic reactions.
The major disadvantages with ionic liquids are poor hydrolysis stability of anion, their moisture
sensitivity, the difficulty of drying ionic liquids and difficulty of separation of products
containing hetero atom from ionic liquid.
The ionic liquids have wide applications as clean solvents in organic synthesis, separation
technology, catalyst for green chemistry,electrochemistry ,electrolytes for batteries
,photochemistry and for electro synthesis of conducting polymers.
References
1. Johnson.E.Keith,The Electrochemical Society Interface,Spring (2007).
2. Welton et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 11549 (2004).
3. M. J. Earle et al, Nature, 439, 831 (2006).
4. Han Xinxin,Armstong.W.Daniel,Acc.Chem.Res.XXX,xxx,000-000 (2007)
5. J. G. Huddleston et al, Green Chemistry, 3 (4), 156 (2001).
6. P. Wasserscheid, R. V. Hal and A. Bosmann, Green Chemistry, 4, 400 (2002).
7. F. Endres, Electrochem. Commun., 6, 422 (2004).
8. Gaumont et al, Tetrahedron : Asymmetry, 14, 3081 (2003).
9. Gaumont et al, Chem. Commun., 2914 (2003).
10. Lozano, Vaultier, Biotechnol. Prog., 20, 661 (2004).
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