Gothic Art Chapter 18 A. Fill in the Blank indulgences Hallenkirche Nicholas of Verdun swaying “S” curve a male and a female servant rectangular bay Romanesque barrel vault mantle of the Virgin flying buttresses Dominicans and Franciscans moralized England crenellations nave arcade tribune gallery France canopy Jean Pucelle triforium pointed arch jambs Louis IX pinnacle archivolts basilican church severy fleur-de-lis Bourges arc bar Perpendicular Peter Abelard mullions oculi lancets cames Reims St. Denis modern work plate tracery 1. The Decorated Style and the Perpendicular Style both refer to the increasingly complex and decorative details of churches found in the country of _________________________. 2. The Flamboyant Style and the Rayonnant Style both refer to the increasingly complex and decorative details of churches found in the present-day country of _______________________________. 3. Abbot Suger aimed to increase both the prestige of his abbey and of the monarchy by rebuilding France’s royal church, _________________________, in grand fashion. 4. In order to underwrite the enormous cost of erecting a cathedral, the clergy sometimes offered for sale ___________________________, pardons for sins committed. 5. Although the Beau Dieu trumeau at Amiens Cathedral stands freely and is as independent of its architectural setting as any Gothic façade statue ever was, the sculptor still places an architectural _______________________ over the figure’s head. 6. The creator of the Belleville Breviary, _____________________________, went far beyond other French artists by placing his fully modeled figures in three-dimensional architectural settings rendered in convincing space. 7. Sainte-Chapelle in Paris was built by the French king __________________________, who wanted to have a repository for the crown of thorns and other relics of Christ’s Passion he had purchased in 1239 from his cousin Baldwin II, the Latin emperor of Constantinople. 8. The tympanums at ______________________ Cathedral are filled with stained-glass instead of stone. 9. To hold up the much thinner – and taller- walls of Notre-Dame in place, the unknown architect introduced __________________________, exterior arches that spring from the lower roofs over the aisles and ambulatory and counter the thrusts of the nave vaults. 10. In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, when the Gothic style was the rage in most of Europe, contemporary commentators considered Gothic buildings opus modernum, meaning “_____________________________.” 11. Statues of Old Testament kings and queens decorate the _______________________ flanking each doorway of the Royal Portal of Chartres Cathedral. 12. The greatest of the “Schoolmen” of Paris was __________________________ who applied in the early twelfth century Aristotle’s system of rational inquiry to the interpretation of religious belief 13. In a Gothic cathedral, the gallery (usually composed of a blind arcade) below the clerestory is called a ___________________________. Chapter 18 Gothic Art 14. The series of arches supported by piers separating the nave and the side aisles is called the ________________________________. 15. The five portals (two of them blind) of Saint-Maclou in Rouen bend outward in a/an ______________. 16. King Louis IX gave generously to the mendicant (begging) orders such as the __________________________________________; he admired their poverty, piety, and selfsacrificing disregard of material things. 17. The Virgin of Jeanne d’Evreaux from the abbey church of St. Denis holds a scepter in the form of the __________________________, the French monarchy’s floral emblem. 18. The term ______________________________ refers to buildings with aisles the same height as the nave. 19. Despite its appearance, the choir of Gloucester Cathedral is not covered by rib vaults at all but by a continuous __________________________________ with applied Gothic ornament. 20. The Shrine of Three Kings from Cologne Cathedral was created by ___________________________. 21. _________________________ Bibles are heavily illustrated, each page pairing Old and New Testament episodes with illustrations explaining their moral significance. 22. The “fan vault” shapes with large hanging pendants found in the chapel of Henry VII at Westminster Abbey exemplify the _______________________________ Style of the Gothic age. 23. The House of Jacques Coeur is located in the city of ___________________________ in France. 24. The clerestory at Laon Cathedral is composed of single _________________________, tall, narrow windows ending in pointed arches. 25. The “court style” of Saint Louis can be detected in the artificial ________________________ evident in the so-called Virgin of Paris. 26. The crypt housed the most precious relic of Chartres – the ________________________________, which miraculously survived the fire of 1194. 27. A sharply pointed ornament capping the piers or flying buttresses of a Gothic cathedral is called a/an _______________________________. 28. Early rose windows, such as the one on Chartres Cathedral’s west façade, have stained glass held in place by _____________________________ where the glass fills only the “punched holes” in the heavy ornamental stonework. 29. In place of the triforium over the gallery at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, small round windows called _______________________ opened up the wall below the clerestory lancets. 30. The masonry blocks that fill the area between the ribs of a groin vault is called a/an ____________________, or vaulting web. 31. Flying buttresses at Chartres enabled the builders to eliminate the ________________________ above the aisle to create a new nave-wall elevation. 32. The builders of Chartres Cathedral abandoned the alternate-support system in favor of a/an ___________________________ system. This new system, where a rectangular unit in the nave, Gothic Art Chapter 18 defined by its own vault, was flanked by a single square in each aisle rather than two, as before, became the High Gothic norm. 33. The right-portal ___________________ of the Royal Portal at Chartres depict the seven female Liberal Arts and their male champions, representing the core of medieval learning and symbolize human knowledge, which Thierry of Chartres, chancellor of the School of Chartres, believed led to true faith. 34. To create stained-glass windows, glaziers (or glassworkers) leaded various fragments of glass, joining them by strips of lead called _______________________. 35. ______________ tracery is much more slender than plate tracery. The stained-glass windows fill almost the entire opening, and the stonework is unobtrusive, more like delicate leading than masonry wall. 36. The tall vertical bars found within the stained-glass windows at Saint-Chapelle in Paris are called _______________________________. 37. Notches called _________________________________ protected guards patrolling the stone ring around medieval towns like Carcassonne. 38. An unusual feature of the House of Jacques Coeur is the pair of false windows on the external façade with life-size relief sculptures of _________________________________ looking down upon passersby in the street. 39. The Shrine of Three Kings is in the shape of a/an __________________________ and was used to house the relics of the three Magi in Cologne Cathedral. 40. The chief difference between Romanesque and Gothic rib vaults is the _______________________, an integral part of the Gothic skeletal armature. B. Multiple Choice 1. The church of Saint-Maclou in Rouen BEST exemplifies the a) Perpendicular Style b) Decorated Style c) Flamboyant Style d) Rayonnant Style 2. Who was associated with the rebuilding of the choir of St. Denis and the emergence of the Gothic style of architecture? a) Abbot Suger b) Thierry of Chartres c) Saint Bernard of Clairvaux d) Peter Abelard 3. Which of the following is NOT part of the nave elevation at Chartres Cathedral? a) a triforium b) a nave arcade c) a clerestory d) an ambulatory 4. Which of the following is NOT an architectural feature of Salisbury Cathedral? a) a double transept b) a two-story nave elevation c) a square apse d) a crossing tower 5. Which of the following statures BEST exemplifies an interest in classical form? a) the Visitation jambs at Reims Cathedral b) the jambs of the Royal Portal at Chartres c) the Rottgen Pieta d) the Virgin of Paris 6. An ambo is a/an a) large clerestory window b) a pulpit for biblical readings c) a border for an illuminated manuscript d) canopy placed above Gothic statues Chapter 18 7. 8. 9. In which of the following architectural features of Orvieto Cathedral does one see an influence of the French Gothic style? a) its two-story nave elevation b) its timber roof c) its pointed gables d) its round arches of the nave arcade The “keep” at the medieval fortified town of Carcassonne is a) a thick defensive wall b) a massive tower used for security c) a wide moat d) a small church where relics were kept Sainte-Chapelle was built by a) William of Normandy b) Charlemagne c) Louis IX d) Abbot Suger 10. The “Doge’s Palace” is a medieval building located in the city of a) Paris b) Rome c) Avignon d) Venice 11. The glass of a stained-glass rose window is held together by a) incrustation b) bar tracery c) quoins d) flying buttresses 12. Who was opposed to the philosophy of Scholasticism? a) Thomas Aquinas b) Peter Abelard c) The Schoolmen of Paris d) Saint Bernard of Clairvaux 13. Which of the following is NOT an architectural feature of Chartres Cathedral? a) an alternate support system b) rose windows c) flying buttresses d) rib vaulting 14. Saint-Chapelle BEST exemplifies the a) Flamboyant Style b) Rayonnant Style c) Perpendicular Style d) Decorated Style Gothic Art 15. Amiens Cathedral was begun during the a) tenth century b) eleventh century c) twelfth century d) thirteenth century 16. In which of the following cathedrals does one find the tallest nave? a) Laon b) Amiens c) Paris d) Chartres 17. Which of the following was of LEAST concern to the Gothic builders? a) lux nova b) soaring height c) structural clarity d) ornamental tracery 18. Which of the following was NOT used to create the Psalter of Saint Louis? a) ink b) tempera c) gold leaf d) oil paint 19. Many Gothic illuminated manuscripts were created using vellum, which is made from a) calfskin b) lambskin c) papyrus d) silk 20. Which of the following is NOT found on the façade of Reims Cathedral? a) a large rose window b) pinnacles c) a “kings’ gallery” d) stone tympanums 21. Which of the following is an architectural feature found in the church of St. Elizabeth at Marburg? a) a triforium b) a clerestory c) tall lancet windows d) flying buttresses Chapter 18 22. Compared to Romanesque figure sculptures on church facades, those on French Gothic cathedrals are a) carved in bas relief b) less dependent on the architectural structure c) much smaller in size d) masklike and anonymous 23. The statues of “Ekkehard and Uta” at Naumberg Cathedral can BEST be described as a) portraits with individualized features b) emphasizing passionate drama c) exemplifying the “court style” of Louis IX d) completely unattached to their architectural setting Gothic Art 28. How do the jamb statues from the Porch of the Confessors at Chartres differ from those on the Royal Portal at Chartres? a) They were created earlier, before the fire of 1194. b) They are much more dependent on the architectural setting. c) They turn slightly toward and away from each other. d) The folds of their drapery are much more schematic. 29. Which of the following is NOT an architectural feature of the west façade of Laon Cathedral? a) deeply recessed portals b) statues of oxen placed high above c) a rose window d) ogee arches 24. To unite the three doorways of the Royal Portal at Chartres, the sculptors carved episodes from Christ’s life on the a) lintels b) archivolts c) capitals d) tympanums 30. The Doge’s Palace was begun in the a) eleventh century b) twelfth century c) thirteenth century d) fourteenth century 25. Abbot Suger proved useful during his lifetime in serving a) Louis VII b) Louis IX c) William of Normandy d) Philippe le Bel 31. The page of David being anointed by Samuel and the battle of David and Goliath from the Breviary of Philippe le Bel BEST exemplifies a) continuous narration b) a three-dimensional architectural setting c) atmospheric perspective d) linear perspective 26. Which of the following Italian cathedrals BEST demonstrates the influence of the Gothic style? a) Florence Cathedral b) Milan Cathedral c) Santa Sabina in Rome d) San Vitale in Ravenna 27. The abbey church of St. Denis is located nearest to the city of a) Reims b) Toulouse c) Paris d) Bourges 32. The Virgin of Paris can be described as all of the following EXCEPT a) wearing a gem-encrusted crown b) defined by an artificial S-curve pose c) tenderly interacting with the Christ child d) a clear anatomical study of the human form covered by drapery 33. Scholasticism was a philosophy that can BEST be characterized as a) a belief denying the duality of the Christ’s divine and human nature b) a rational inquiry of religious beliefs c) a belief in the ascendancy of the soul through the contemplation of beauty d) an abhorrence of idolatrous images Chapter 18 34. Which of the following churches served to house the tombs of most of the kings of France? a) St. Denis b) Amiens c) Notre Dame in Paris d) Reims 35. Where do scenes of the New Testament appear on the Klosterneuburg Altar? a) on the upper row only b) on the central row only c) on the bottom row only d) on the top two rows 36. By the fourteenth century, illuminators belonged to a group known as a/an a) fief b) charter c) guild d) chantry 37. The “fan vaults” found in the chapel of Henry VII at Westminster Abbey BEST illustrates the a) Romanesque style b) Flamboyant Style c) Rayonnant Style d) Perpendicular Style 38. Which of the following cathedrals is NOT located within the “Ile-de-France”? a) Notre Dame of Paris b) Chartres Cathedral c) St. Denis d) Saint-Maclou in Rouen 39. The “Death of the Virgin” scene in the tympanum of the south transept of Strasbourg Cathedral BEST exemplifies a) bas relief sculpture b) heightened emotional drama c) a hieratic mood d) large areas of negative space 40. The jamb statue of Saint Theodore from the Porch of the Martyrs at Chartres Cathedral is depicted as a a) monk b) bishop c) king d) knight Gothic Art