Gothic Art
Chapter 18
A. Fill in the Blank
indulgences
Hallenkirche
Nicholas of Verdun
swaying “S” curve
a male and a female servant
rectangular bay
Romanesque barrel vault
mantle of the Virgin
flying buttresses
Dominicans and Franciscans
moralized
England
crenellations
nave arcade
tribune gallery
France
canopy
Jean Pucelle
triforium
pointed arch
jambs
Louis IX
pinnacle
archivolts
basilican church
severy
fleur-de-lis
Bourges
arc
bar
Perpendicular
Peter Abelard
mullions
oculi
lancets
cames
Reims
St. Denis
modern work
plate tracery
1.
The Decorated Style and the Perpendicular Style both refer to the increasingly complex and decorative
details of churches found in the country of _________________________.
2.
The Flamboyant Style and the Rayonnant Style both refer to the increasingly complex and decorative
details of churches found in the present-day country of _______________________________.
3.
Abbot Suger aimed to increase both the prestige of his abbey and of the monarchy by rebuilding
France’s royal church, _________________________, in grand fashion.
4.
In order to underwrite the enormous cost of erecting a cathedral, the clergy sometimes offered for sale
___________________________, pardons for sins committed.
5.
Although the Beau Dieu trumeau at Amiens Cathedral stands freely and is as independent of its
architectural setting as any Gothic façade statue ever was, the sculptor still places an architectural
_______________________ over the figure’s head.
6.
The creator of the Belleville Breviary, _____________________________, went far beyond other
French artists by placing his fully modeled figures in three-dimensional architectural settings rendered
in convincing space.
7.
Sainte-Chapelle in Paris was built by the French king __________________________, who wanted to
have a repository for the crown of thorns and other relics of Christ’s Passion he had purchased in 1239
from his cousin Baldwin II, the Latin emperor of Constantinople.
8.
The tympanums at ______________________ Cathedral are filled with stained-glass instead of stone.
9.
To hold up the much thinner – and taller- walls of Notre-Dame in place, the unknown architect
introduced __________________________, exterior arches that spring from the lower roofs over the
aisles and ambulatory and counter the thrusts of the nave vaults.
10. In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, when the Gothic style was the rage in most of Europe,
contemporary commentators considered Gothic buildings opus modernum, meaning
“_____________________________.”
11. Statues of Old Testament kings and queens decorate the _______________________ flanking each
doorway of the Royal Portal of Chartres Cathedral.
12. The greatest of the “Schoolmen” of Paris was __________________________ who applied in the
early twelfth century Aristotle’s system of rational inquiry to the interpretation of religious belief
13. In a Gothic cathedral, the gallery (usually composed of a blind arcade) below the clerestory is called a
___________________________.
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Gothic Art
14. The series of arches supported by piers separating the nave and the side aisles is called the
________________________________.
15. The five portals (two of them blind) of Saint-Maclou in Rouen bend outward in a/an ______________.
16. King Louis IX gave generously to the mendicant (begging) orders such as the
__________________________________________; he admired their poverty, piety, and selfsacrificing disregard of material things.
17. The Virgin of Jeanne d’Evreaux from the abbey church of St. Denis holds a scepter in the form of the
__________________________, the French monarchy’s floral emblem.
18. The term ______________________________ refers to buildings with aisles the same height as the
nave.
19. Despite its appearance, the choir of Gloucester Cathedral is not covered by rib vaults at all but by a
continuous __________________________________ with applied Gothic ornament.
20. The Shrine of Three Kings from Cologne Cathedral was created by ___________________________.
21. _________________________ Bibles are heavily illustrated, each page pairing Old and New
Testament episodes with illustrations explaining their moral significance.
22. The “fan vault” shapes with large hanging pendants found in the chapel of Henry VII at Westminster
Abbey exemplify the _______________________________ Style of the Gothic age.
23. The House of Jacques Coeur is located in the city of ___________________________ in France.
24. The clerestory at Laon Cathedral is composed of single _________________________, tall, narrow
windows ending in pointed arches.
25. The “court style” of Saint Louis can be detected in the artificial ________________________ evident
in the so-called Virgin of Paris.
26. The crypt housed the most precious relic of Chartres – the ________________________________,
which miraculously survived the fire of 1194.
27. A sharply pointed ornament capping the piers or flying buttresses of a Gothic cathedral is called a/an
_______________________________.
28. Early rose windows, such as the one on Chartres Cathedral’s west façade, have stained glass held in
place by _____________________________ where the glass fills only the “punched holes” in the
heavy ornamental stonework.
29. In place of the triforium over the gallery at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, small round windows
called _______________________ opened up the wall below the clerestory lancets.
30. The masonry blocks that fill the area between the ribs of a groin vault is called a/an
____________________, or vaulting web.
31. Flying buttresses at Chartres enabled the builders to eliminate the ________________________ above
the aisle to create a new nave-wall elevation.
32. The builders of Chartres Cathedral abandoned the alternate-support system in favor of a/an
___________________________ system. This new system, where a rectangular unit in the nave,
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defined by its own vault, was flanked by a single square in each aisle rather than two, as before,
became the High Gothic norm.
33. The right-portal ___________________ of the Royal Portal at Chartres depict the seven female Liberal
Arts and their male champions, representing the core of medieval learning and symbolize human
knowledge, which Thierry of Chartres, chancellor of the School of Chartres, believed led to true faith.
34. To create stained-glass windows, glaziers (or glassworkers) leaded various fragments of glass, joining
them by strips of lead called _______________________.
35. ______________ tracery is much more slender than plate tracery. The stained-glass windows fill
almost the entire opening, and the stonework is unobtrusive, more like delicate leading than masonry
wall.
36. The tall vertical bars found within the stained-glass windows at Saint-Chapelle in Paris are called
_______________________________.
37. Notches called _________________________________ protected guards patrolling the stone ring
around medieval towns like Carcassonne.
38. An unusual feature of the House of Jacques Coeur is the pair of false windows on the external façade
with life-size relief sculptures of _________________________________ looking down upon
passersby in the street.
39. The Shrine of Three Kings is in the shape of a/an __________________________ and was used to
house the relics of the three Magi in Cologne Cathedral.
40. The chief difference between Romanesque and Gothic rib vaults is the _______________________, an
integral part of the Gothic skeletal armature.
B. Multiple Choice
1.
The church of Saint-Maclou in Rouen BEST
exemplifies the
a) Perpendicular Style
b) Decorated Style
c) Flamboyant Style
d) Rayonnant Style
2.
Who was associated with the rebuilding of
the choir of St. Denis and the emergence of
the Gothic style of architecture?
a) Abbot Suger
b) Thierry of Chartres
c) Saint Bernard of Clairvaux
d) Peter Abelard
3.
Which of the following is NOT part of the
nave elevation at Chartres Cathedral?
a) a triforium
b) a nave arcade
c) a clerestory
d) an ambulatory
4.
Which of the following is NOT an
architectural feature of Salisbury Cathedral?
a) a double transept
b) a two-story nave elevation
c) a square apse
d) a crossing tower
5.
Which of the following statures BEST
exemplifies an interest in classical form?
a) the Visitation jambs at Reims Cathedral
b) the jambs of the Royal Portal at
Chartres
c) the Rottgen Pieta
d) the Virgin of Paris
6.
An ambo is a/an
a) large clerestory window
b) a pulpit for biblical readings
c) a border for an illuminated manuscript
d) canopy placed above Gothic statues
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7.
8.
9.
In which of the following architectural
features of Orvieto Cathedral does one see
an influence of the French Gothic style?
a) its two-story nave elevation
b) its timber roof
c) its pointed gables
d) its round arches of the nave arcade
The “keep” at the medieval fortified town of
Carcassonne is
a) a thick defensive wall
b) a massive tower used for security
c) a wide moat
d) a small church where relics were kept
Sainte-Chapelle was built by
a) William of Normandy
b) Charlemagne
c) Louis IX
d) Abbot Suger
10. The “Doge’s Palace” is a medieval building
located in the city of
a) Paris
b) Rome
c) Avignon
d) Venice
11. The glass of a stained-glass rose window is
held together by
a) incrustation
b) bar tracery
c) quoins
d) flying buttresses
12. Who was opposed to the philosophy of
Scholasticism?
a) Thomas Aquinas
b) Peter Abelard
c) The Schoolmen of Paris
d) Saint Bernard of Clairvaux
13. Which of the following is NOT an
architectural feature of Chartres Cathedral?
a) an alternate support system
b) rose windows
c) flying buttresses
d) rib vaulting
14. Saint-Chapelle BEST exemplifies the
a) Flamboyant Style
b) Rayonnant Style
c) Perpendicular Style
d) Decorated Style
Gothic Art
15. Amiens Cathedral was begun during the
a) tenth century
b) eleventh century
c) twelfth century
d) thirteenth century
16. In which of the following cathedrals does
one find the tallest nave?
a) Laon
b) Amiens
c) Paris
d) Chartres
17. Which of the following was of LEAST
concern to the Gothic builders?
a) lux nova
b) soaring height
c) structural clarity
d) ornamental tracery
18. Which of the following was NOT used to
create the Psalter of Saint Louis?
a) ink
b) tempera
c) gold leaf
d) oil paint
19. Many Gothic illuminated manuscripts were
created using vellum, which is made from
a) calfskin
b) lambskin
c) papyrus
d) silk
20. Which of the following is NOT found on the
façade of Reims Cathedral?
a) a large rose window
b) pinnacles
c) a “kings’ gallery”
d) stone tympanums
21. Which of the following is an architectural
feature found in the church of St. Elizabeth
at Marburg?
a) a triforium
b) a clerestory
c) tall lancet windows
d) flying buttresses
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22. Compared to Romanesque figure sculptures
on church facades, those on French Gothic
cathedrals are
a) carved in bas relief
b) less dependent on the architectural
structure
c) much smaller in size
d) masklike and anonymous
23. The statues of “Ekkehard and Uta” at
Naumberg Cathedral can BEST be described
as
a) portraits with individualized features
b) emphasizing passionate drama
c) exemplifying the “court style” of Louis
IX
d) completely unattached to their
architectural setting
Gothic Art
28. How do the jamb statues from the Porch of
the Confessors at Chartres differ from those
on the Royal Portal at Chartres?
a) They were created earlier, before the
fire of 1194.
b) They are much more dependent on the
architectural setting.
c) They turn slightly toward and away
from each other.
d) The folds of their drapery are much
more schematic.
29. Which of the following is NOT an
architectural feature of the west façade of
Laon Cathedral?
a) deeply recessed portals
b) statues of oxen placed high above
c) a rose window
d) ogee arches
24. To unite the three doorways of the Royal
Portal at Chartres, the sculptors carved
episodes from Christ’s life on the
a) lintels
b) archivolts
c) capitals
d) tympanums
30. The Doge’s Palace was begun in the
a) eleventh century
b) twelfth century
c) thirteenth century
d) fourteenth century
25. Abbot Suger proved useful during his
lifetime in serving
a) Louis VII
b) Louis IX
c) William of Normandy
d) Philippe le Bel
31. The page of David being anointed by
Samuel and the battle of David and Goliath
from the Breviary of Philippe le Bel BEST
exemplifies
a) continuous narration
b) a three-dimensional architectural setting
c) atmospheric perspective
d) linear perspective
26. Which of the following Italian cathedrals
BEST demonstrates the influence of the
Gothic style?
a) Florence Cathedral
b) Milan Cathedral
c) Santa Sabina in Rome
d) San Vitale in Ravenna
27. The abbey church of St. Denis is located
nearest to the city of
a) Reims
b) Toulouse
c) Paris
d) Bourges
32. The Virgin of Paris can be described as all
of the following EXCEPT
a) wearing a gem-encrusted crown
b) defined by an artificial S-curve pose
c) tenderly interacting with the Christ
child
d) a clear anatomical study of the human
form covered by drapery
33. Scholasticism was a philosophy that can
BEST be characterized as
a) a belief denying the duality of the
Christ’s divine and human nature
b) a rational inquiry of religious beliefs
c) a belief in the ascendancy of the soul
through the contemplation of beauty
d) an abhorrence of idolatrous images
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34. Which of the following churches served to
house the tombs of most of the kings of
France?
a) St. Denis
b) Amiens
c) Notre Dame in Paris
d) Reims
35. Where do scenes of the New Testament
appear on the Klosterneuburg Altar?
a) on the upper row only
b) on the central row only
c) on the bottom row only
d) on the top two rows
36. By the fourteenth century, illuminators
belonged to a group known as a/an
a) fief
b) charter
c) guild
d) chantry
37. The “fan vaults” found in the chapel of
Henry VII at Westminster Abbey BEST
illustrates the
a) Romanesque style
b) Flamboyant Style
c) Rayonnant Style
d) Perpendicular Style
38. Which of the following cathedrals is NOT
located within the “Ile-de-France”?
a) Notre Dame of Paris
b) Chartres Cathedral
c) St. Denis
d) Saint-Maclou in Rouen
39. The “Death of the Virgin” scene in the
tympanum of the south transept of
Strasbourg Cathedral BEST exemplifies
a) bas relief sculpture
b) heightened emotional drama
c) a hieratic mood
d) large areas of negative space
40. The jamb statue of Saint Theodore from the
Porch of the Martyrs at Chartres Cathedral is
depicted as a
a) monk
b) bishop
c) king
d) knight
Gothic Art